Download or read book Development of Geothermal Binary cycle Working Fluid Properties written by Kenneth E. Starling and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Geothermal Binary Cycle Working Fluid Properties Information and Analysis of Cycles written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research discussed in this report was performed at the University of Oklahoma during the period January 1, 1979 through December 31, 1979. Efforts were directed principally to the following tasks: (1) comparisons of mixture and pure fluid cascade cycles, (2) development of guidelines for working fluid selection for single boiler cycles, (3) continued evaluation of mixtures as working fluids, (4) working fluid thermophysical property correlation and presentations of properties information.

Download or read book Development of Geothermal Binary cycle Working fluid Properties written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efforts were directed principally to the following tasks: (1) comparisons of mixture and pure fluid cascade cycles, (2) development of guidelines for working fluid selection for single boiler cycles, (3) continued evaluation of mixtures as working fluids, (4) working fluid thermophysical property correlation and presentation of properties information, (5) support to the INEL Conversion Technology Program.

Download or read book Geothermal Power Plants written by Ronald DiPippo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-08 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ron DiPippo, Professor Emeritus at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, is a world-regarded geothermal expert. This single resource covers all aspects of the utilization of geothermal energy for power generation from fundamental scientific and engineering principles. The thermodynamic basis for the design of geothermal power plants is at the heart of the book and readers are clearly guided on the process of designing and analysing the key types of geothermal energy conversion systems. Its practical emphasis is enhanced by the use of case studies from real plants that increase the reader's understanding of geothermal energy conversion and provide a unique compilation of hard-to-obtain data and experience. An important new chapter covers Environmental Impact and Abatement Technologies, including gaseous and solid emissions; water, noise and thermal pollutions; land usage; disturbance of natural hydrothermal manifestations, habitats and vegetation; minimisation of CO2 emissions and environmental impact assessment.The book is illustrated with over 240 photographs and drawings. Nine chapters include practice problems, with solutions, which enable the book to be used as a course text. Also includes a definitive worldwide compilation of every geothermal power plant that has operated, unit by unit, plus a concise primer on the applicable thermodynamics.* Engineering principles are at the heart of the book, with complete coverage of the thermodynamic basis for the design of geothermal power systems* Practical applications are backed up by an extensive selection of case studies that show how geothermal energy conversion systems have been designed, applied and exploited in practice* World renowned geothermal expert DiPippo has including a new chapter on Environmental Impact and Abatement Technology in this new edition

Download or read book Advanced Binary Geothermal Power Plancts Working Fluid Property Determination and Heat Exchanger Design written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The performance of binary geothermal power plants can be improved through the proper choice of a working fluid, and optimization of component designs and operating conditions. This paper reviews the investigations at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) which are examining binary cycle performance improvements: for moderate temperature (350 to 400 F) resources with emphasis on how the improvements may be integrated into design of binary cycles. These investigations are examining performance improvements resulting from the supercritical vaporization of mixed hydrocarbon working fluids and achieving countercurrent integral condensation with these fluids, as well as the modification of the turbine inlet state points to achieve supersaturated turbine vapor expansions. For resources where the brine outlet temperature is restricted, the use of turbine exhaust recuperators is examined. The baseline plant used to determine improvements in plant performance (characterized by the increase in the net brine effectiveness, watt-hours per pound of brine) in these studies operates at conditions similar to the 45 MW Heber binary plant. Through the selection of the optimum working fluids and operating conditions, achieving countercurrent integral condensation, and allowing supersaturated vapor expansions in the turbine, the performance of the binary cycle (the net brine effectiveness) can be improved by 25 to 30% relative to the baseline plant. The design of these supercritical Rankine-cycle (Binary) power plants for geothermal resources requires information about the potential working fluids used in the cycle. In addition, methods to design the various components, (e.g., heat exchangers, pumps, turbines) are needed. This paper limits its view of component design methods to the heat exchangers in binary power plants. The design of pumps and, turbines for these working fluids presents no new problems to the turbine manufacturer. However, additional work is proceeding at the Heat Cycle Research Facility to explore metastable expansions within turbines. This work, when completed, should allow the designer more flexibility in the state point selection in the design of these cycles which will potentially increase the system performance. The paper explores the different systems of thermodynamic and transport properties for mixtures of hydrocarbons. Methods include a computer program EXCST developed at the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, as well as some of the thermodynamic models available in the chemical process simulation code, ASPEN, which was originally developed by the Department of Energy. The heat exchanger design methodology and computer programs of Heat Transfer Research, Inc. (HTRI) have been used because they represent data which is used throughout the industry by A & E firms as well as most heat exchanger manufacturers. For most cases, some modification of the computer results are necessary for supercritical heater design. When condensation takes place on the inside of enhanced tubes, new methods beyond HTRI's present state are necessary. The paper will discuss both of these modifications.

Download or read book Modeling of Geothermal Power Plants Using the Binary Fluid Cycle written by Ronald A. Walter and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of the current world-wide energy situation, the utilization of the immense reserves of geothermal energy is being actively pursued. The thermal energy contained in a geothermal reservoir is mainly stored in rocks, but is also held in liquid water and/or steam. The generation of electrical power from these geothermal reserves is currently limited. The majority of operating geothermal power plants either use available dry steam or steam flashed from hot water. If this resource is to make a significant impact on the world energy market, successful methods must be found to utilize the larger quantity of lower temperature and high salinity reservoirs. One of the most promising methods proposed to date for efficient use of these reservoirs is the binary fluid cycle. The topic of this thesis is the formulation of a computer model of a geothermal power plant using the binary fluid cycle. In the binary fluid cycle plant, geothermal fluid is extracted from a geothermal reservoir and transmitted to the power plant in a liquid state. At the power plant, the geothermal fluid is passed through a series of heat exchangers where thermal energy is transferred to a working, or power fluid such as a Freon or a light hydrocarbon. This working fluid is brought to a superheated state and then expanded through a turbine which is coupled to a generator. After expansion, the working fluid is condensed in a surface condenser supplied with cooling water from a cooling tower. This fluid is subsequently repressurized and returned to the heat exchangers. The expended geothermal fluid is returned to the underground reservoir. The objective of this thesis was to develop a computer program which effectively simulates the binary fluid cycle power plant and all its components. The geothermal power plant model includes the following: determination of the size and nature of power plant components, determination of geothermal fluid flow rates, working fluid flow rates, and heat rejection requirements for a variety of geothermal source temperatures, pressures and water conditions, and plant sizes, calculation of geothermal fluid and working fluid, thermodynamic and physical properties, thermodynamic cycle calculations, overall design performance with the ability to perform sensitivity analyses on various operating parameters. After the completion of this computer model, a particular working fluid, isobutane, was selected for an in-depth study of the binary fluid cycle power plant. The optimum power plant designs for a range of available geothermal fluid temperatures were found based on economics and efficient plant performance.

Download or read book Development of Working Fluid Thermodynamic Properties Information for Geothermal Cycles Phase I Annual Report September 1 1976 December 31 1977 written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the first year (Phase I) of this research program, the following elements of research have been performed: (1) the collection and processing of data for pure components, (2) the evaluation of the generalized MBWR equation of state for halocarbon saturated thermodynamic properties, (3) the determination of pure component parameters for the MBWR equation for ten halocarbons, isobutane and, over a limited range, for ammonia and water, (4) the investigation of modifications of the MBWR equation for improved prediction of properties of hydrogen bonding and polar fluids. With the results of the present work, MBWR parameters have now been determined for twenty-seven pure fluids, making the use of the MBWR equation in geothermal cycle calculations feasible for most candidate working fluids. From this research, it has been concluded that the MBWR equation can be used to correlate the thermodynamic properties of many of the hydrocarbons and halocarbons which are presently potential candidate working fluids for geothermal binary cycles. However, for ammonia and water, the MBWR equation cannot accurately describe behavior in the complete range of fluid states. In anticipation of future needs to describe complex fluids (such as fluorinol-water mixtures) which have been proposed as working fluids, efforts have been initiated to develop an equation of state capable of describing the behavior of hydrogen bonding and polar as well as nonpolar fluids.

Download or read book Resource Utilization Efficiency Improvement of Geothermal Binary Cycles written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The following were performed: (1) evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of mixtures as working fluids in geothermal binary cycles, (2) development of a geothermal binary cycle simulation computer program capable of both mixture and pure fluid cycle simulation, (3) development of an accurate thermodynamic properties computer program package (applicable as a minimum to hydrocarbon mixture and pure fluid cycles), (4) comparison of mixture and pure fluid cycles, including relative equipment sizing and economics, (5) comparison of boiling and condensing heat transfer for mixtures and pure fluids, (6) evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of turbine expansion into the two-phase region, and (7) sensitivity analysis of various binary cycle equipment parameters and operating conditions on total geothermal power system cost. A primary conclusion from the Phase I investigation is that mixtures offer advantages over pure working fluids in situations where there is a mismatch of resource brine and pure fluid characteristics.

Download or read book Geothermal Power Generation written by Ronald DiPippo and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-05-25 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geothermal Power Generation: Developments and Innovation provides an update to the advanced energy technologies that are urgently required to meet the challenges of economic development, climate change mitigation, and energy security. As geothermal resources are considered renewable and can be used to generate baseload electricity while producing very low levels of greenhouse gas emissions, they can play a key role in future energy needs. This book, edited by a highly respected expert, provides a comprehensive overview of the major aspects of geothermal power production. The chapters, contributed by specialists in their respective areas, cover resource discovery, resource characterization, energy conversion systems, and design and economic considerations. The final section provides a range of fascinating case studies from across the world, ranging from Larderello to Indonesia. Users will find this to be an essential text for research and development professionals and engineers in the geothermal energy industry, as well as postgraduate researchers in academia who are working on geothermal energy. - Provides readers with a comprehensive and systematic overview of geothermal power generation - Presents an update to the advanced energy technologies that are urgently required to meet the challenges of economic development, climate change mitigation, and energy security - Edited by a world authority in the field, with chapters contributed by experts in their particular areas - Includes comprehensive case studies from across the world, ranging from Larderello to Indonesia

Download or read book Development of Working Fluid Thermodynamic Properties Information for Geothermal Cycles Phase 1 Semiannual Report September 1 1976 written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Resource Utilization Efficiency Improvement of Geothermal Binary Cycles Phase I Semiannual Progress Report June 15 1975 December 15 1975 written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A summary of the research carried out prior to the start and during the first half of this project is presented. A description of the geothermal binary cycle and procedures for cycle thermodynamic analysis focusing on the question of resource utilization are discussed. General and specific criteria for preliminary selection of working fluids and operating conditions for binary cycles are considered in terms of equipment and working fluid costs and in terms of resource utilization efficiency. Steps are given for preliminary binary cycle design computations. Preliminary evaluations of alternative pure working fluid, ideal thermodynamic cycles are illustrated. The development of the working fluid mixture thermodynamic cycle, GEO 1, using the improved versions of previously developed thermodynamic properties routines was the first of several significant accomplishments during the first half of this project. Documentation of the thermodynamic properties program which can calculate densities, enthalpies, entropies, heat capacities, K-values for vapor and liquid mixtures (limited presently to hydrocarbons), flashes, dew and bubble points, isentropic and isenthalpic state changes, has been completed. Preliminary calculations using GEO 1 have indicated that mixture cycles yield greater net power output than either pure propane, isobutane, or isopentane cycles when equal heat exchanger log mean temperature differences are considered and also when optimized ideal cycles are compared. Steps to upgrade GEO 1 with equipment sizing and economics routines to produce GEO 2 and GEO 3 simulators were begun.

Download or read book Analysis of the Binary Cycle for Geothermal Power Generation written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exchanging heat from hot geothermal fluid to a secondary working fluid which is then expanded through a turbine appears to be the best way of producing electrical power from a medium temperature geothermal resource. A study has been made to determine the conceptual design state points for a dual boiling system which utilizes isobutane as the working fluid. The results of this work and the sensitivity of plant performance to variations from nominal design points are presented. In addition, variations due to tolerances applied to thermodynamic properties and other key factors are included. (auth).

Download or read book Resource utilization efficiency improvement of geothermal binary cycles written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Organic Rankine Cycle ORC Power Systems written by Ennio Macchi and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Power Systems: Technologies and Applications provides a systematic and detailed description of organic Rankine cycle technologies and the way they are increasingly of interest for cost-effective sustainable energy generation. Popular applications include cogeneration from biomass and electricity generation from geothermal reservoirs and concentrating solar power installations, as well as waste heat recovery from gas turbines, internal combustion engines and medium- and low-temperature industrial processes. With hundreds of ORC power systems already in operation and the market growing at a fast pace, this is an active and engaging area of scientific research and technical development. The book is structured in three main parts: (i) Introduction to ORC Power Systems, Design and Optimization, (ii) ORC Plant Components, and (iii) Fields of Application. - Provides a thorough introduction to ORC power systems - Contains detailed chapters on ORC plant components - Includes a section focusing on ORC design and optimization - Reviews key applications of ORC technologies, including cogeneration from biomass, electricity generation from geothermal reservoirs and concentrating solar power installations, waste heat recovery from gas turbines, internal combustion engines and medium- and low-temperature industrial processes - Various chapters are authored by well-known specialists from Academia and ORC manufacturers

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermophysical Properties of Working Fluids for Binary Geothermal Cycles written by United States. National Bureau of Standards. Chemical Engineering Science Division and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geothermal Developments at San Diego Gas Electric written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1972, the first well flow tests were conducted by NARCO and Magma Power to determine reservoir characteristics such as mass flow, temperature, stability, and mineral content of geothermal brine from the exploration wells. The results of these tests were encouraging. Brine temperatures were relatively hot, and salinity was less than previously experienced. Results were sufficient to justify further testing of the process design to determine an appropriate energy conversion cycle for a power plant. Both the flash cycle and binary cycle were considered. In the binary cycle, geothermal heat is transferred from hot brine to a secondary working fluid by means of heat exchangers. The heated secondary fluid expands to drive a turbine-generator. The flash cycle was rejected because the high measured noncondensible gas content of the brines seriously reduced the cycle efficiency. The reduced salinity was expected to result in reduced scaling characteristics. For these reasons the binary cycle was selected for initial design and field testing. In 1973, a series of field tests was conducted to support the design of the binary conversion cycle. Unfortunately, a rapid decline in heat exchanger performance resulting from scaling demonstrated a need to reevaluate the cycle design. A flash/binary process was chosen as the basis for facility design modifications and additional field testing. Design modifications were to use as much of the original design as possible in order to minimize cost. In March of 1974, SDG & E resumed field testing at Niland using reduced size models of the new flash/binary design. The 1974 test program confirmed the decision to modify the design, construction, and operation of the GLEF in a four-stage, flash/binary cycle configuration. In May of 1975, the design was completed and construction of the GLEF began. Startup operations were initiated and in June 1976 the facility was dedicated. In the fall of 1976 while debugging and initial operation was being accomplished, a test program was developed to provide additional basic information necessary for the design of a commercial flash/binary geothermal plant. The primary objective of the program was to develop binary heat exchanger heat design data under a variety of conditions.