Download or read book Development of Embedded Sensors for Structural Health Monitiroing of Wind Turbine Blades written by Edward Charles Meehan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring a structure's response to various loading conditions is essential to being able to predict catastrophic failure of the part. There are many types of sensors that have been developed to be able to accurately measure these important quantities. However, as the structure becomes thicker, it is important to monitor in more places than just the surface of the material. Composite materials, such as those used in the wind turbine industry, are typically built in layers, which lend themselves to having sensors embedded in the structure. Previous research had focused on how these embedded sensors affected the mechanical properties of the material, and this research continues on by utilizing the gages to monitor the strains developed in the material. An important aspect of the research was to be able to separate the mechanical strain from the thermal strains developed in the substrate. This was achieved by using advanced circuitry, and was confirmed by performing tensile and heating tests on both surface mounted and embedded sensors. From the data collected, it was shown that it was possible to separate out the mechanical and thermal strains.

Download or read book A Multi scale Approach to Statistical and Model based Structural Health Monitoring with Application to Embedded Sensing for Wind Energy written by Stuart Glynn Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents a systems-level approach to multi-scale structural health monitoring (SHM) with specific focus on wind turbine rotor blades, combining innovative sensing platforms for incipient damage detection with state estimation for structural performance assessment. The practical implementation of this approach rests in three areas : hardware development and deployment for embedded data acquisition; demonstration of incipient damage detection using embedded systems for active-sensing SHM, including an in-depth assessment of sensor diagnostics; and development of a nonlinear observer for state and loads estimation applied to a geometrically nonlinear beam model. Structural Health Monitoring is generally defined as the development of an in-situ damage assessment capability, and when combined predictive loading and failure models, enables risk-informed models for decision-making. These decision models require contributions from a wide variety of technology areas. Sensing systems (in many cases, capable of providing multiple data types) must be developed specifically to provide the data necessary for structural damage detection and performance assessment. A means of sensor diagnostics is necessary to provide confidence in the recorded data. Statistical modeling and classification feed the development of optimal detectors necessary to ascertain the presence, location, and severity of damage. Methods of state estimation are needed to map kinematic measurements to physical performance metrics. A probabilistic representation of future loads applied to a structural model enables an assessment of the structure's future performance. Finally, a cost model is combined with a probabilistic risk assessment, given the detectors' output and the structure's estimated future performance, to render the risk-minimizing decision. This dissertation presents key contributions among the underpinnings of this ultimate decision model : (1) embedded sensor development and deployment; (2) sensor diagnostics for active-sensing methods; (3) an assessment of incipient damage detection performance for large-scale composite structures; and (4) the development and application of a state observer, demonstrated in the specific case of a geometrically nonlinear beam model.

Download or read book New Trends in Structural Health Monitoring written by Wieslaw Ostachowicz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-18 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A motivation for structural health monitoring. Structural health monitoring of aircraft structures. Vibration-based damage diagnosis and monitoring of external loads.Statistical time series methods for vibration based structural health monitoring. Fiber optic sensors. Damage localisation using elastic waves propagation methods experimental techniques. Application for wind turbine blades. Experts actively working in structural health monitoring and control techniques present the current research, areas of application and tendencies for the future of this technology, including various design issues involved. Examples using some of the latest hardware and software tools, experimental data from small scale laboratory demonstrators and measurements made on real structures illustrate the book. It will be a reference for professionals and students in the areas of engineering, applied natural sciences and engineering management.

Download or read book Polycrystalline Silicon Capacitive MEMS Strain Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring of Wind Turbines written by Maziar Moradi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind energy is a fast-growing sustainable energy technology and driven by the need for more efficient energy harvesting, size of the wind turbines has increased over the years for both off-shore and land-based installations. Therefore, structural health monitoring and maintenance of such turbine structures have become critical and challenging. In order to keep the number of physical inspections to minimum without increasing the risk of structural failure, a precise and reliable remote monitoring system for damage identification is necessary. Condition-based maintenance which significantly improves safety compared to periodic visual inspections, necessitates a method to determine the condition of machines while in operation and involves the observation of the system by sampling dynamic response measurements from a group of sensors and the analysis of the data to determine the current state of system health. This goal is being pursued in this thesis through the development of reliable sensors, and reliable damage detection algorithms. Blade strain is the most important quantities to judge the health of wind turbine structure. Sensing high stress fields or early detection of cracks in blades bring safety and saving in rehabilitation costs. Therefore, high performance strain measurement system, consisting of sensors and interface electronics, is highly desirable and the best choice. It has been revealed that the conventional strain gauge techniques exhibit significant errors and uncertainties when applied to composite materials of wind turbine blades. Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) based sensors are very attractive among other sensing techniques owing to high sensitivity, low noise, better scaling characteristics, low cost and higher potential for integration with low power CMOS circuits. MEMS sensors that are fabricated on a chip can be either bonded to the surface of wind turbine blade or embedded into the fiber reinforced composite. Therefore, MEMS technology is selected to fabricate the strain sensor in this work. Two new sensor structures that can be used for strain measurement are designed. While the proposed sensors focus on high sensitivity, they are based on simple operating principle of comb-drive differential variable capacitances and chevron displacement amplification. Device performances are validated both by analytical solutions and finite element method simulations. The transmission of strain fields in adhesively bonded strain sensors is also studied. In strain sensors that are attached to host structures using adhesive layers such as epoxy, complete strain transfer to the sensor is hindered due to the influence of the adhesive layer on the transfer. An analytical model, validated by finite element method simulation, to provide insight and accurate formulation for strain transfer mechanism for bonded sensors is developed. The model is capable of predicting the strain transmission ratio through a sensor gauge factor, and it clearly establishes the effects of the flexibility, length, and thickness of the adhesive layer and sensor substrate. Several fabrication steps were required to realize the MEMS capacitive strain sensor in our lab. Polycrystalline silicon is selected as the structural layer and silicon nitride as the sacrificial layer. Polysilicon is deposited using LPCVD and SiN is deposited by PECVD in our lab. A comprehensive material study of silicon nitride and polycrystalline silicon layers is therefore performed. The whole fabrication process involves deposition, etching, and photolithography of five material layers. Although this process is developed to realize the MEMS strain sensors, it is also able to fabricate other designs of surface micromachining structures as well. The fabricated MEMS capacitive strain sensors are tested on a test fixture setup. The measurement setup is created under the probe station by using a cantilever beam fixed on one side and free on other side where a micrometer applies accurate displacement. The displacement creates bending stress on the beam which transfers to the MEMS sensor through the adhesive bond. Measurement results are in a good match with the simulation results. Finally, a real-time non-destructive health monitoring technique based on multi-sensor data fusion is proposed. The objective is to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed method to identify and localize damages in wind turbine blades. The structural properties of turbine blade before and after damage are investigated and based on the obtained results, it is shown that information from smart sensors, measuring strains and vibrations, distributed over the turbine blades can be used to assist in more accurate damage detection and overall understanding of the health condition of blades. Data fusion technique is proposed to combine the diagnostic tools to improve the detection system with providing a more robust reading and fewer false alarms.

Download or read book Advances in Wind Turbine Blade Design and Materials written by Povl Brondsted and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2023-01-14 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Wind Turbine Blade Design and Materials, Second Edition, builds on the thorough review of the design and functionality of wind turbine rotor blades and the requirements and challenges for composite materials used in both current and future designs of wind turbine blades. - Reviews the design and functionality of wind turbine rotor blades - Examines the requirements and challenges for composite materials used in both current and future designs of wind turbine blades - Provides an invaluable reference for researchers and innovators in the field of wind

Download or read book Structural Health Monitoring 2015 written by Fu-Kuo Chang and published by DEStech Publications, Inc. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 1644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, September 1–3, 2015. Selected research on the entire spectrum of structural health techniques and areas of applicationAvailable in print, complete online text download or individual articles. Series book comprising two volumes provides selected international research on the entire spectrum of structural health monitoring techniques used to diagnose and safeguard aircraft, vehicles, buildings, civil infrastructure, ships and railroads, as well as their components such as joints, bondlines, coatings and more. Includes special sections on system design, signal processing, multifunctional materials, sensor distribution, embedded sensors for monitoring composites, reliability and applicability in extreme environments. The extensive contents can be viewed below.

Download or read book MARE WINT written by Wiesław Ostachowicz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-30 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a holistic, interdisciplinary overview of offshore wind energy, and is a must-read for advanced researchers. Topics, from the design and analysis of future turbines, to the decommissioning of wind farms, are covered. The scope of the work ranges from analytical, numerical and experimental advancements in structural and fluid mechanics, to novel developments in risk, safety & reliability engineering for offshore wind.The core objective of the current work is to make offshore wind energy more competitive, by improving the reliability, and operations and maintenance (O&M) strategies of wind turbines. The research was carried out under the auspices of the EU-funded project, MARE-WINT. The project provided a unique opportunity for a group of researchers to work closely together, undergo multidisciplinary doctoral training, and conduct research in the area of offshore wind energy generation. Contributions from expert, external authors are also included, and the complete work seeks to bridge the gap between research and a rapidly-evolving industry.

Download or read book Structural Health Monitoring 2013 A Roadmap to Intelligent Structures written by Fu-Kuo Chang and published by DEStech Publications, Inc. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Original research on SHM sensors, quantification strategies, system integration and control for a wide range of engineered materials New applications in robotics, machinery, as well as military aircraft, railroads, highways, bridges, pipelines, stadiums, tunnels, space exploration and energy production Continuing a critical book series on structural health monitoring (SHM), this two-volume set (with full-text searchable CD-ROM) offers, as its subtitle implies, a guide to greater integration and control of SHM systems. Specifically, the volumes contain new research that will enable readers to more efficiently link sensor detection, diagnostics/quantification, overall system functionality, and automated, e.g., robotic, control, thus further closing the loop from inherent signal-based damage detection to responsive real-time maintenance and repair. SHM performance is demonstrated in monitoring the behavior of composites, metals, concrete, polymers and selected nanomaterials in a wide array of surroundings, including harsh environments, under extreme (e.g., seismic) loading and in space. New information on smart sensors and network optimization is enhanced by novel statistical and model-based methods for signal processing and data quantification. A special feature of the book is its explanation of emerging control technologies. Research in these volumes was initially presented in September 2013 at the 9th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM), held at Stanford University and sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Army Research Laboratory, and the Office of Naval Research.

Download or read book Fifth European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring 2010 written by Fabio Casciati and published by DEStech Publications, Inc. This book was released on 2010 with total page 1425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structural Health Monitoring For Advanced Composite Structures written by M H Ferri Aliabadi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a relatively new and alternative way of non-destructive inspection (NDI). It is the process of implementing a damage detection and characterization strategy for composite structures. The basis of SHM is the application of permanent fixed sensors on a structure, combined with minimum manual intervention to monitor its structural integrity. These sensors detect changes to the material and/or geometric properties of a structural system, including changes to the boundary conditions and system connectivity, which adversely affect the system's performance.This book's primary focus is on the diagnostics element of SHM, namely damage detection in composite structures. The techniques covered include the use of Piezoelectric transducers for active and passive Ultrasonics guided waves and electromechanical impedance measurements, and fiber optic sensors for strain sensing. It also includes numerical modeling of wave propagation in composite structures. Contributed chapters written by leading researchers in the field describe each of these techniques, making it a key text for researchers and NDI practitioners as well as postgraduate students in a number of specialties including materials, aerospace, mechanical and computational engineering.

Download or read book Topics in Experimental Dynamics Substructuring and Wind Turbine Dynamics Volume 2 written by R. Mayes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-11 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics in Experimental Dynamics Substructuring and Wind Turbine Dynamics, Volume 2, Proceedings of the 30th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2012, the second volume of six from the Conference, brings together 31 contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Structural Dynamics.

Download or read book Structural Dynamics and Renewable Energy Volume 1 written by Tom Proulx and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-21 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Collection embraces Structural Dynamics and Renewable Energy into more than 50 categories, including Shock and Vibration, Damping in Solids, Nonlinear Modeling, Structural Health Modeling, Structural Dynamics, and Rotating Machinery. This the first volume of the five-volume set brings together 34 chapters on Structural Dynamics and Renewable Energy.

Download or read book European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring written by Piervincenzo Rizzo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-08 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) and more broadly in the fields of smart materials and intelligent systems. The volume covers highly diverse topics, including signal processing, smart sensors, autonomous systems, remote sensing and support, UAV platforms for SHM, Internet of Things, Industry 4.0, and SHM for civil structures and infrastructures. The contributions, which are published after a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists. The contents of this volume reflect the outcomes of the activities of EWSHM (European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring) in 2020.

Download or read book Optical Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring written by Paulo Antunes and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution and need for the preservation and maintenance of existing structures, recent or historical, has fostered research in the area of structural monitoring, translated into the development of new techniques, equipment and sensors. Early detection of damage and accurate assessment of structural safety requires monitoring systems, the data from which can be used to calibrate numerical models for structural analysis and to assess safety. Data are obtained under real-time conditions, considering a group of parameters related to structural properties, such as stresses, accelerations, deformations and displacements. The analysis of structural properties is particularly relevant when the structure is subjected to extreme events (earthquakes, wind, fire and explosions, among others) or repeated loads (road/rail/air traffic, vibrations induced by equipment and machines), since they affect the structural integrity and put the users at risk. In order to prevent the severe damage and eventual collapse of structures, and consequent human, material and economic losses, the implementation of monitoring systems becomes a valuable tool for today's society. Monitoring of structures is becoming increasingly important, not only as preventive action, but also due to actual economic and sustainability concerns, to ensure a safer and more comfortable built environment.

Download or read book Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Structures Using Fiber Optic Methods written by Ginu Rajan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-03 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly comprehensive, introductory book explains the basics of structural health monitoring aspects of composite structures. This book serve as an all-in-one reference book in which the reader can receive a basic understanding of composite materials, manufacturing methods, the latest types of optical fiber sensors used for structural health monitoring of composite structures, and demonstrated applications of the use of fiber sensors in a variety of composite material structures. The content draws upon the authors’ and distinguished contributors’ extensive research/teaching and industrial experience to fully cover the structural health monitoring of composite materials using fiber optic sensing methods.

Download or read book Structural Health Monitoring written by Daniel Balageas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-01-05 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is organized around the various sensing techniques used to achieve structural health monitoring. Its main focus is on sensors, signal and data reduction methods and inverse techniques, which enable the identification of the physical parameters, affected by the presence of the damage, on which a diagnostic is established. Structural Health Monitoring is not oriented by the type of applications or linked to special classes of problems, but rather presents broader families of techniques: vibration and modal analysis; optical fibre sensing; acousto-ultrasonics, using piezoelectric transducers; and electric and electromagnetic techniques. Each chapter has been written by specialists in the subject area who possess a broad range of practical experience. The book will be accessible to students and those new to the field, but the exhaustive overview of present research and development, as well as the numerous references provided, also make it required reading for experienced researchers and engineers.

Download or read book Application of a Wireless Sensor Node to Health Monitoring of Operational Wind Turbine Blades written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a developing field of research with a variety of applications including civil structures, industrial equipment, and energy infrastructure. An SHM system requires an integrated process of sensing, data interrogation and statistical assessment. The first and most important stage of any SHM system is the sensing system, which is traditionally composed of transducers and data acquisition hardware. However, such hardware is often heavy, bulky, and difficult to install in situ. Furthermore, physical access to the structure being monitored may be limited or restricted, as is the case for rotating wind turbine blades or unmanned aerial vehicles, requiring wireless transmission of sensor readings. This study applies a previously developed compact wireless sensor node to structural health monitoring of rotating small-scale wind turbine blades. The compact sensor node collects low-frequency structural vibration measurements to estimate natural frequencies and operational deflection shapes. The sensor node also has the capability to perform high-frequency impedance measurements to detect changes in local material properties or other physical characteristics. Operational measurements were collected using the wireless sensing system for both healthy and damaged blade conditions. Damage sensitive features were extracted from the collected data, and those features were used to classify the structural condition as healthy or damaged.