Download or read book Development of Biodiesel Resistant Nitrile Rubber Compositions written by Felipe N. Linhares and published by . This book was released on 2016-12 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel is an excellent potential replacement for petroleum diesel fuels because of its comparable physical properties in addition to its improved environmental benefits, such as low pollutant gas emissions, nontoxicity, renewability, and biodegradability. However, biodiesel and petroleum diesel differ greatly with respect to their chemical properties. Therefore, the compatibility of the materials that are commonly employed in contact with diesel must also be assured for biodiesel that has been obtained from different sources. Although nitrile rubber (NBR) has previously not been recommended for biodiesel applications, up to now no effort has been made to better understand the interaction between nitrile rubber and biodiesel or to propose improvements to the production of NBR articles. This book evaluates the resistance of different types of NBR and NBR formulations to biodiesel. It is shown how increasing acrylonitrile content and carboxylation increase the rubber resistance to biodiesel, and a new method employing accelerators to prepare novel biodiesel-resistant formulations is described. The choice of accelerator has a significant effect on the biodiesel resistance, and compositions prepared from an efficient vulcanization system are shown to be most resistant to chemical degradation. The effects on physical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, and elongation at break are also analyzed and evaluated. The potential for these materials to be used in applications in which they will be in contact with biodiesel is thus demonstrated.
Download or read book Frontiers in Bioenergy and Biofuels written by Eduardo Jacob-Lopes and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-01-25 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontiers in Bioenergy and Biofuels presents an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the possibilities for production and use of bioenergy, biofuels, and coproducts. Issues related to environment, food, and energy present serious challenges to the success and stability of nations. The challenge to provide energy to a rapidly increasing global population has made it imperative to find new technological routes to increase production of energy while also considering the biosphere's ability to regenerate resources. The bioenergy and biofuels are resources that may provide solutions to these critical challenges. Divided into 25 discreet parts, the book covers topics on characterization, production, and uses of bioenergy, biofuels, and coproducts. Frontiers in Bioenergy and Biofuels provides an insight into future developments in each field and extensive bibliography. It will be an essential resource for researchers and academic and industry professionals in the energy field.
Download or read book Witthay s n Kas ts rt written by and published by . This book was released on 2012-12 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carraher s Polymer Chemistry Eighth Edition written by Charles E. Carraher Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-10-13 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated to reflect a growing focus on green chemistry in the scientific community and in compliance with the American Chemical Society’s Committee on Professional Training guidelines, Carraher’s Polymer Chemistry, Eighth Edition integrates the core areas that contribute to the growth of polymer science. It supplies the basic understanding of polymers essential to the training of science, biomedical, and engineering students. New in the Eighth Edition: Updating of analytical, physical, and special characterization techniques Increased emphasis on carbon nanotubes, tapes and glues, butyl rubber, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(ethylene glycols), shear-thickening fluids, photo-chemistry and photophysics, dental materials, and aramids New sections on copolymers, including fluoroelastomers, nitrile rubbers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymers, and EPDM rubber New units on spliceosomes, asphalt, and fly ash and aluminosilicates Larger focus on the molecular behavior of materials, including nano-scale behavior, nanotechnology, and nanomaterials Continuing to provide a user-friendly approach to the world of polymeric materials, the book allows students to integrate their chemical knowledge and establish a connection between fundamental and applied chemical information. It contains all of the elements of an introductory text with synthesis, property, application, and characterization. Special sections in each chapter contain definitions, learning objectives, questions, and additional reading, with case studies woven into the text fabric. Symbols, trade names, websites, and other useful ancillaries appear in the appendices to supplement the text.
Download or read book Handbook of Biofuels Production written by Rafael Luque and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-05-19 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Biofuels Production, Second Edition, discusses advanced chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical biofuels production routes that are fast being developed to address the global increase in energy usage. Research and development in this field is aimed at improving the quality and environmental impact of biofuels production, as well as the overall efficiency and output of biofuels production plants. The book provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the range of biomass conversion processes and technology. Key changes for this second edition include increased coverage of emerging feedstocks, including microalgae, more emphasis on by-product valorization for biofuels' production, additional chapters on emerging biofuel production methods, and discussion of the emissions associated with biofuel use in engines. The editorial team is strengthened by the addition of two extra members, and a number of new contributors have been invited to work with authors from the first edition to revise existing chapters, thus offering fresh perspectives. - Provides systematic and detailed coverage of the processes and technologies being used for biofuel production - Discusses advanced chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical biofuels production routes that are fast being developed to address the global increase in energy usage - Reviews the production of both first and second generation biofuels - Addresses integrated biofuel production in biorefineries and the use of waste materials as feedstocks
Download or read book Reinforcement of Elastomers written by Gerard Kraus and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elastomers and Rubber Compounding Materials written by I Franta and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elastomers and Rubber Compounding Materials reviews the properties of elastomers and particular groups of ingredients and chemicals mixed into the basic elastomer to form a rubber compound. After introducing the history of rubber industry and the general properties of rubber, the book discusses the properties, classification, concentration, stabilization, modification, application, transport, and storage of latex. It presents as well the methods of production, composition, physical properties, and chemical reactions of dry rubber. The book then focuses on the production and classification of different synthetic rubbers, such as styrene-butadiene, isoprene, butadiene, ethylene-propylene, and chloroprene. It also discusses the production, properties, and applications of elastomers, vulcanization chemicals, fillers, stabilizers, plasticizers, blowing agents, and textile reinforcing materials used in formulating rubber compounds. This book will be of great value not only to those who are in the rubber industry, but also to students of polymer science and rubber technology.
Download or read book Rubber Compounding written by Brendan Rodgers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-09 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rubber Compounding: Chemistry and Applications describes the production, processing, and characteristics of a wide range of materials utilized in the modern tire and rubber industry, from natural to butyl rubber, carbon black, silica, silanes, and beyond. Containing contributions from leading specialists in the field, the text investigates the chem
Download or read book Biodiesel written by Meisam Tabatabaei and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents in-depth information on the state of the art of global biodiesel production and investigates its impact on climate change. Subsequently, it comprehensively discusses biodiesel production in terms of production systems (reactor technologies) as well as biodiesel purification and upgrading technologies. Moreover, the book reviews essential parameters in biodiesel production systems as well as major principles of operation, process control, and trouble-shooting in these systems. Conventional and emerging applications of biodiesel by-products with a view to further economize biodiesel production are also scrutinized. Separate chapters are dedicated to economic risk analysis and critical comparison of biodiesel production systems as well as techno-economical aspects of biodiesel plants. The book also thoroughly investigates the important aspects of biodiesel production and combustion by taking advantage of advanced sustainability analysis tools including life cycle assessment (LCA) and exergy techniques. In closing, the application of Omics technologies in biodiesel production is presented and discussed. This book is relevant to anyone with an interest in renewable, more sustainable fuel and energy solutions.
Download or read book Rubber Curing Systems written by R. N. Datta and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review discusses the different types of curing systems available today for different rubber types, including natural rubber, SBR, NBR, BR, IIR, CR, XIIR and EPDM. The uses of primary and secondary accelerators, prevulcanisation inhibitors (PVIs) and antireversion chemicals are outlined.Typical rubber formulations for applications in industrial rubber products and tyres are given. Cure systems are described and compared with extensive tables of data on formulae and compound properties. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.
Download or read book Rubber Analysis written by M. J. Forrest and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review outlines each technique used in rubber analysis and then illustrates which methods are applied to determine which facts. This d104 is a good introduction to a very complex subject area and will enable the reader to understand the basic concepts of rubber analysis. Around 350 abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database accompany this review, to facilitate further reading. These include core original references together with abstracts from some of the latest papers on rubber analysis.
Download or read book Biofuels for Transport written by International Energy Agency and published by OECD. This book was released on 2004 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the absence of strong government policies, the IEA projects that the worldwide use of oil in transport will nearly double between 2000 and 2030, leading to a similar increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Bio fuels, such as ethanol, bio diese
Download or read book Science and Technology of Rubber written by James E. Mark and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science and Technology of Rubber, Third Edition provides a broad survey of elastomers with special emphasis on materials with a rubber-like elasticity. As in the 2nd edition, the emphasis remains on a unified treatment of the material; exploring topics from the chemical aspects such as elastomer synthesis and curing, through recent theoretical developments and characterization of equilibrium and dynamic properties, to the final applications of rubber, including tire engineering and manufacturing. Many advances have been made in polymer and elastomers research over the past ten years since the 2nd edition was published. Updated material stresses the continuous relationship between the ongoing research in synthesis, physics, structure and mechanics of rubber technology and industrial applications. Special attention is paid to recent advances in rubber-like elasticity theory and new processing techniques for elastomers. This new edition is comprised of 20% new material, including a new chapter on environmental issues and tire recycling.
Download or read book Raw Materials Supply Chain for Rubber Products written by John S. Dick and published by Hanser Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 2014-06-30 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rubber industry is a vital part of the world economy. In this age of constantly changing economics and raw material "shortages of the week," this book should help the reader understand the overall technical and economic problems that are emerging which are beginning to affect the overall availability of many raw materials, chemical intermediates and final rubber products on the world scene. This book is truly unique in that it is the only one that traces all the important organic and inorganic synthesis routes for the manufacture of synthetic rubbers, various fillers, plasticizers, oils, curatives, antidegradants, adhesion promoters, flame retardants, tackifiers, and blowing agents through their respective intermediates to the base raw materials from earth extractions and agriculture.
Download or read book Oil and Gas Production Handbook An Introduction to Oil and Gas Production written by Havard Devold and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Troubleshooting Rubber Problems written by John G. Sommer and published by Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG. This book was released on 2014-01-16 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many challenges confront the rubber technologist in the development, manufacture, and use of rubber products. These challenges include selecting and combining materials to form rubber compounds suitable for processing, successfully operating a range of manufacturing equipment, and meeting product performance in difficult and diverse environments. Case studies and literature references relate problem solutions to the everyday experience of the rubber technologist. From materials to processes to products, this book identifies many different rubber-related problems and suggests approaches to solve them. Contents: • TSE and TPE Materials, Compounds, Processes, and Products • TSE Materials and Compounds • TSE Processes and Equipment • TSE Products • TPE Materials and Compounds • TPE Processes and Equipment • TPE Products
Download or read book Chemical Data Guide for Bulk Shipment by Water written by United States. Coast Guard and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1990 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains data on over 300 liquid cargoes being transported in bulk by water. This Chemical Data Guide was developed in the interest of safe water movement of bulk chemicals. By providing key chemical information, this guide can help prevent or at least minimize the harmful effects of chemical accidents on the waterways. Edge indexed.
