Download or read book Development of an Experimental Procedure for Haloacetic Acids Using Ion Chromatography written by Viorica Lopez-Avila and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applying Post Column Reaction Ion Chromatography and Other Techniques to Analysis of Haloacetic Acids in Drinking Water and Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions written by Christina Michelle Henson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are a class of chlorinated disinfection by-products produces during the chlorination of drinking water. HAAs have potentially adverse health effects and are regulated by the USEPA at a maximum contaminant level of 0.060 mg L-1. Post-column reaction-ion chromatography with nicotinamide fluorescence (PCR-IC) was developed for analysis of HAAs in drinking water. The PCR-IC analyzer has two forms of selectivity toward the HAAs, and originally had method detection limit (MDL) values between 1 - 10 µg L-1.A sequential injection analysis (SIA) module has been developed for fully automated preconcentration of HAAs prior to analysis by PCR-IC--the SIA-PCR-IC. Preconcentration is achieved by solid phase extraction with a resin designed for environmental analysis. Optimization of method parameters was carried out, along with detailed MDL, accuracy, precision, and linearity studies; individual MDL values were all less than 1 µg L-1. Side-by-side comparison studies of HAAs in real-world drinking water samples were also performed, comparing the optimized SIA-PCR-IC method with USEPA Method 552.3. Trace levels of HAAs detected in samples are reported, and bias values calculated between the two methods are less than 10 µg L-1 for eight of the nine individual HAAs.In addition to studies focused on their formation in drinking water, HAAs research has recently branched out to investigate their presence in hypochlorite solutions used for drinking water disinfection. In response to previous work resulting in the detection of HAAs in over 30 different samples of hypochlorite, the PCR-IC analyzer and USEPA 552.3 were utilized to develop and apply a model for determining the contribution of HAAs detected in hypochlorite to those measured in finished water--the Dose-Dilution Model. Application of this model to eight different utilities resulted in an average contribution of about 40%.In order to gain more knowledge about the behavior of HAAs detected in hypochlorite solutions, studies were developed to monitor their formation and stability using the PCR-IC; short- and long-term storage temperature conditions were varied, while monitoring HAAs. Results suggest that HAAs formation occurs immediately following hypochlorite generation, while degradation was observed over time at various rates depending on strength and storage temperature. .
Download or read book Determination of Haloacetic Acids and Dalapon in Drinking Water by Ion exchange Liquid solid Extraction and Gas Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector written by Jimmie W. Hodgeson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods for Real Time Measurement of THMs and HAAs in Distribution Systems Part 2 written by and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this project researchers developed a practical, low-cost chemical analyzer for real-time monitoring of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in drinking water distribution systems. THMs and HAAs are possibly harmful to humans if ingested. For this reason the US Environmental Protection Agency established maximum contaminant levels. Future regulations might lower the MCL of these substances. Real-time monitoring of THMs and HAAs will become necessary for future regulatory compliance.
Download or read book Haloacetic Acids written by Li Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Analytical Methods Applied to NASA Water Recovery Technologies written by Jill Paulette Williamson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three separate analytical methods have been developed for application in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s water recovery initiatives on-orbit. Two methods have immediate impact to these initiatives while the third expands methodologies that are of interest to water quality monitoring. The first method has been developed for monitoring water disinfectants silver ion (Ag+) and iodine (I2), separately, using a single flow injection manifold. The estimated MDL values for Ag+ and I2 are 52 µg L–1 Ag+ and 2 µg L–1 I2; the mean percent recovery were 104% and 96.2% for Ag+ and I2 respectfully; and percent relative standard deviations were estimated at 1.4% for Ag+ and 5.7% for I2. Sample analysis was evaluated for each respective disinfectant and compared to the standard methods of detecting Ag+ or I2, atomic absorption spectroscopy and a spectrophotometric leuco crystal violet method, respectively. The bias estimates compared to the reference methods were 11.3 µg L–1 Ag+ and 27.3 µg L–1 I2, in the same order. The second method utilized Nafion membrane in a capillary membrane sampler (CMS) device for sampling calcium ion (Ca2+) from raw and pretreated (sulfuric or phosphoric acid and hexavalent chromium dosed) urine prior to electrochemical detection. After optimization, the MDL, accuracy and precision measurements gave estimates at 2 mg L–1 Ca2+, 77% and 2.8% respectively. Standard addition has been used to minimize matrix effects found during sampling analysis of raw and pretreated urine. These results were compared to an ion chromatography method and reported Ca2+ biases of 6.6 mg L–1 (raw) and –59.9 mg L–1 (sulfuric dosed) and –19.1 mg L–1 (phosphoric dosed). The third project focused on developing a liquid-liquid microextraction with preconcentration method for haloacetic acid (HAA) analysis prior to separation using capillary electrophoresis with internal standardization. This method reported MDL estimates of 1.7–9.5 µg L–1 for the nine most common HAAs, a major class of disinfection by-product in drinking water. The results from HAA analysis of commercial bottled water demonstrated bias estimates compared to post column reaction-ion chromatography for HAAs averaged -0.11 µg L–1.
Download or read book Development and Verification of ICR Membrane Protocol for Bench and Pilot Studies written by James S. Taylor and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2000 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water written by Yuefeng Xie and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-08-27 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EPA has established regulations which classify four types of disinfection byproducts - TTHMs, haloacetic acids, bromate, and chlorite - and requires public water systems limit these byproducts to specific levels. Most of the information required to comply with these standards is either scattered throughout the literature or derived from confere
Download or read book Handbook of Ion Chromatography written by Joachim Weiss and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-24 with total page 1576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-volume handbook is the standard reference in the field, unparalleled in its comprehensiveness. It covers every conceivable topic related to the expanding and increasingly important field of ion chromatography. The fourth edition is completely updated and revised to include the latest developments in the instrumentation, now stretching to three volumes to reflect the current state of applications. Ion chromatography is one of the most widely used separation techniques of analytical chemistry with applications in fields such as medicinal chemistry, water chemistry and materials science. Consequently, the number of users of this method is continuously growing, underlining the need for an up-to-date reference. A true pioneer of this method, Joachim Weiss studied chemistry at the Technical University of Berlin (Germany), where he also received his PhD degree in Analytical Chemistry. In 2002, he did his habilitation in Analytical Chemistry at the Leopold-Franzens University in Innsbruck (Austria), where he is also teaching liquid chromatography. Since 1982, Dr. Weiss has worked at Dionex (now being part of Thermo Fisher Scientific), where he currently holds the position of Technical Director for Dionex Products within the Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Division (CMD) of Thermo Fisher Scientific, located in Dreieich (Germany).
Download or read book Application of IC MS and IC ICP MS in Environmental Research written by Rajmund Michalski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-05-20 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the reader to the field of ion chromatography, species analysis and hyphenated methods IC-MS and IC-ICP-MS including the theory and theirs applications Covers the importance of species analysis and hyphenated methods in ion chromatography Includes practical applications of IC-MS and IC-ICP-MS in environmental analysis Details sample preparation methods for ion chromatography Discusses hyphenated methods IC-MS and IC-ICP-MS used in determining both the total element contents and its elements Details speciation analysis used in studying biochemical cycles of selected chemical compounds; determining toxicity and ecotoxicity of elements; food and pharmaceuticals quality control; and in technological process control and clinical analytics
Download or read book Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern written by Nuria Fontanals and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern Provides the analytical methodology required to detect different families of organic compounds of emerging concern (CECs) from environmental samples Most contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) —such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, sunscreens, perfluorinated compounds, and microplastics—have been present in the environment for years, yet some have only recently been identified, and many of these organic compounds remain unregulated. Analytical methods have been developed to determine the toxicity and risk of different families of CECs. Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern presents the methods currently available to determine families of organic CECs in environmental samples. Each section of the book is devoted to a particular family of CECs, covering different analytical methods supported by examples of both cutting-edge research and commonly used methods. An international panel of experts describes every step of the analytical procedures, including sample preparation, chromatographic separation coupled to mass spectrometry or other instrumental techniques. Specific requirements are linked to the properties of the contaminants and the sample matrix for each procedure presented. Throughout the book, in-depth case studies of analytical procedures for CEC extraction, separation, and determination are presented to help readers transfer the analytical methods to their laboratories. Provides detailed descriptions of various approaches for determining each group of CECs in environmental samples Covers different types of aqueous, solid, and atmospheric samples Includes up-to-date information on CEC properties, relevant legislation, reported or potential metabolites/transformation products, and environmental occurrence Addresses CECs such as novel psychoactive substances, artificial sweeteners, musk fragrances, disinfection byproducts, and microplastics Offers practical tips and advice on special care procedures to assist readers in CEC determination Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern is an essential reference and guide for advanced students and researchers in analytical chemistry and science, environmental science, forensic science, and specialized subjects related to analytical chemistry.
Download or read book Simplified Methods for On line Monitoring of Haloacetic Acid Concentrations at the Single Ug L Level in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using Ion Chromatography Based Analyzers written by Paul Steven Simone and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disinfection By Products in Drinking Water written by M Fielding and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together contributors from water regulators, and water suppliers in Europe and North America to discuss the main issues associated with reaching a cost-effective balance between microbial and chemical risks. Overviews of research are presented alongside illuminating case studies of the practical approaches taken by water companies and regulators on both sides of the Atlantic.
Download or read book Ion Chromatography written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-08-27 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion Chromatography: Instrumentation, Techniques and Applications, Volume 13 in the series Separation Science and Technology, provides a modern overview of all aspects of ion chromatography instrumentation and chemistry techniques, including the historical backdrop of some of the key developments. Most existing books on ion chromatography are focused on single column ion chromatography (rarely used today) or applications, or are outdated. This book covers the broad range of technologies in use and explains the advantages of each, helping both experienced and new practitioners to choose the method they need. The editors of this book have all played a key role in the success of ion chromatography at Dionex Corporation, the undisputed leader in ion chromatography for more than 40 years, and are in a unique position to describe both the technology and its applications. Ion chromatography is the technique of choice for analyzing ionic or ionizable compounds in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals and food. In addition, it is very useful for monitoring cationic or anionic impurities in drinking water. - Covers the broad range of technologies currently used in ion chromatography, with an explanation of not only how the technology works, but also which commonly used approaches represent the best options - Provides a solid introduction for new practitioners to improve background knowledge on troubleshooting skills - Serves as a comprehensive overview of all approaches in ion chromatography, describing the advantages of various newer technology options over older methodologies still in wide use
Download or read book Chemistry and Water written by Satinder Ahuja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-11-23 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After air, water is the most crucial resource for human survival. To achieve water sustainability, we will have to deal with its scarcity and quality, and find ways to reclaim it from various sources. Chemistry and Water: The Science Behind Sustaining the World's Most Crucial Resource applies contemporary and sophisticated separation science and chromatographic methods to address the pressing worldwide concerns of potable water for drinking and safe water for irrigation to raise food for communities around the world. Edited and authored by world-leading analytical chemists, the book presents the latest research and solutions on topics including water quality and pollution, water treatment technologies and practices, watershed management, water quality and food production, challenges to achieving sustainable water supplies, water reclamation techniques, and wastewater reuse. - Explores the role water plays to assure our survival and maintain life - Provides valuable information from world leaders in chemistry and water research - Addresses water challenges and solutions globally to ensure sustainability
Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Applications of Instrumental Chemical Analysis written by Mahmood Barbooti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-04-15 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive review of the instrumental analytical methods and their use in environmental monitoring site assessment and remediation follow-up operations. The increased concern about environmental issues such as water pollution, air pollution, accumulation of pollutants in food, global climate change, and effective remediation processes necessitate the precise determination of various types of chemicals in environmental samples. In general, all stages of environmental work start with the evaluation of organic and inorganic environmental samples. This important book furnishes the fundamentals of instrumental chemical analysis methods to various environmental applications and also covers recent developments in instrumental chemical methods. Covering a wide variety of topics in the field, the book: • Presents an introduction to environmental chemistry • Presents the fundamentals of instrumental chemical analysis methods that are used mostly in the environmental work. • Examines instrumental methods of analysis including UV/Vis, FTIR, atomic absorption, induced coupled plasma emission, electrochemical methods like potentiometry, voltametry, coulometry, and chromatographic methods such as GC and HPLC • Presents newly introduced chromatographic methodologies such as ion electrophoresis, and combinations of chromatography with pyrolysis methods are given • Discusses selected methods for the determinations of various pollutants in water, air, and land Readers will gain a general review of modern instrumental method of chemical analysis that is useful in environmental work and will learn how to select methods for analyzing certain samples. Analytical instrumentation and its underlying principles are presented, along with the types of sample for which each instrument is best suited. Some noninstrumental techniques, such as colorimetric detection tubes for gases and immnosassays, are also discussed.
