Download or read book Development of an Anti icing Runback Model written by K. M. Al-Khalil and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Further Development of an Anti icing Runback Model written by Kamel M. Al-Khalil and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wind Turbine Icing Physics and Anti De Icing Technology written by Hui Hu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-08-30 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind Turbine Icing Physics and Anti-/De-Icing Technology gives a comprehensive update of research on the underlying physics pertinent to wind turbine icing and the development of various effective and robust anti-/de-icing technology for wind turbine icing mitigation. The book introduces the most recent research results derived from both laboratory studies and field experiments. Specifically, the research results based on field measurement campaigns to quantify the characteristics of the ice structures accreted over the blades surfaces of utility-scale wind turbines by using a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system and an Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle (UAV) equipped with a high-resolution digital camera are also introduced. In addition, comprehensive lab experimental studies are explored, along with a suite of advanced flow diagnostic techniques, a detailed overview of the improvements, and the advantages and disadvantages of state-of-the-art ice mitigation strategies. This new addition to the Wind Energy Engineering series will be useful to all researchers and industry professionals who address icing issues through testing, research and industrial innovation. Covers detailed improvements and the advantages/disadvantages of state-of-the-art ice mitigation strategies Includes condition monitoring contents for lab-scale experiments and field tests Presents the potential of various bio-inspired icephobic coatings of wind turbine blades

Download or read book Full scale Runback Ice written by Nathalie Alegre and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The runback ice phenomenon is well-known for anti-icing or de-icing systemswhen the system is not evaporating 100% of the water impinging the surface. The water runs back to the point where the added heat no longer raisesthe surface temperature above freezing. The water freezes behind this limit. No runback ice is tolerated for some flight configurations, but not for all. Then for o.-design cases, some runback ice may grow on the wings surface. However, data from full-scale realistic runback ice is not very well-known byaircraft manufacturers and they are not sure what thickness is allowed beforethe e.ect of the ice on the flow becomes too adverse. To better understand full-scale high-fidelity runback ice growth and how itcan be simulated with simplistic shapes, test campaigns and CFD studieswere undertaken. First of all, tests in the Cranfield icing tunnel were performed. In this work, full-scale runback ice shapes were grown on a modelwith a full-scale leading edge equiped with an electrical heating system. Aninnovative moulding and casting technique has been introduced which allowedthe production of 3D planarised full-scale realistic runback ice castings. Inparallel to the icing tunnel tests, a mass and energy balance has been computedon Excel. This energy and mass balance can predict the heat andmass fluxes involved in the runback ice accretion mechanism. Following this, aerodynamic tests of the ice castings were lead in one of the low speed windtunnels at Cranfield University. The aerodynamics of simplistic shapes suchas geometrical shapes or ballotini layers were also studied. The e.ects of theice castings on the flow were compared to the e.ects of the simplistic shapes. The tests were done on a flat surface and not on an airfoil due to technicalcomplications. The boundary layer displacement thickness was the parameterused to quantify the e.ect of the shapes on the flow. 2D CFD simulationswere performed as a support to the testing but as well to compare with theexperimental data. The CFD simulations were for steady or unsteady flow. It has been possible to grow full-scale ice shapes in a relatively small icingtunnel. The shapes have been successfuly moulded and cast using siliconeand plaster mixed with polymer. A catalogue of runback ice shapes for differentliquid water content, heat inputs and positions along the chord hasbeen recorded. Following the wind tunnel tests, it has been possible to find arelationship between the real ice and the simplistic shapes. Thin runback iceshapes (4 mm) has a similar e.ect on the flow as a layer of 1 mm ballotini. It was found that thicker ice shapes, of the order of 1 cm, is equivalent to arectangle with rounded corner, associated with 1mm ballotini. The triangleshape which is usually used to simulate runback ice by the aircraft manufacturers, was found to be the most aerodynamically penalising simplisitc shapethat has been investigated in this PhD project. It was found that roundedcorners greatly improve the representativeness of the simplistic shapes, suchas triangle or rectangle.

Download or read book Computational Methodology for Bleed Air Ice Protection System Parametric Analysis written by Rodrigo Hoffmann-Domingos and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aircraft in-flight icing is a major safety issue for civil aviation, having already caused hundreds of accidents and incidents related to aerodynamic degradation due to post takeoff ice accretion. Airplane makers have to protect the airframe critical surfaces against ice build up in order to ensure continued safe flight. Ice protection is typically performed by mechanical, chemical, or thermal systems. One of the most traditional and still used techniques is the one known as hot-air anti-icing, which heats the interior of the affected surfaces with an array of small hot-air jets generated by a piccolo tube. In some cases, the thermal energy provided by hot-air ice protection systems is high enough to fully evaporate the impinging supercooled droplets (fully evaporative systems), while in other cases, it is only sufficient to maintain most of the protected region free of ice (running wet systems). In the latter case, runback ice formations are often observed downstream of the wing leading edge depending on hot-air, icing, and flight conditions. The design process of hot-air anti-icing systems is traditionally based on icing wind tunnel experiments, which can be very costly. The experimental effort can be significantly reduced with the use of accurate three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation tools. Nevertheless, such type of simulation requires extensive CPU time for exploring all the design variables. This thesis deals with the development of an efficient hot-air anti-icing system simulation tool that can reduce the computational time to identify the critical design parameters by at least two orders of magnitude, as compared to 3-d CFD tools, therefore narrowing down the use of more sophisticated tools to just a small subset of the entire design space. The hot-air anti-icing simulation tool is based on a combination of available CFD software and a thermodynamic model developed in the present work. The computation of the external flow properties is performed with FLUENT (in a 2-d domain) by assuming an isothermal condition to the airfoil external wall. The internal skin heat transfer is computed with the use of local Nusselt number correlations developed through calibrations with CFD data. The internal and external flow properties on the airfoil skin are provided as inputs to a steady state thermodynamic model, which is composed of a 2-d heat diffusion model and a 1-d uniform film model for the runback water flow. The performance of the numerical tool was tested against 3-d CFD simulation and experimental data obtained for a wing equipped with a representative piccolo tube anti-icing system. The results demonstrate that the simplifications do not affect significantly the fidelity of the predictions, suggesting that the numerical tool can be used to support parametric and optimization studies during the development of hot-air anti-icing systems.

Download or read book Ice Adhesion written by K. L. Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book presents ways to mitigate the disastrous effects of snow/ice accumulation and discusses the mechanisms of new coatings deicing technologies. The strategies currently used to combat ice accumulation problems involve chemical, mechanical or electrical approaches. These are expensive and labor intensive, and the use of chemicals raises serious environmental concerns. The availability of truly icephobic surfaces or coatings will be a big boon in preventing the devastating effects of ice accumulation. Currently, there is tremendous interest in harnessing nanotechnology in rendering surfaces icephobic or in devising icephobic surface materials and coatings, and all signals indicate that such interest will continue unabated in the future. As the key issue regarding icephobic materials or coatings is their durability, much effort is being spent in developing surface materials or coatings which can be effective over a long period. With the tremendous activity in this arena, there is strong hope that in the not too distant future, durable surface materials or coatings will come to fruition. This book contains 20 chapters by subject matter experts and is divided into three parts— Part 1: Fundamentals of Ice Formation and Characterization; Part 2: Ice Adhesion and Its Measurement; and Part 3: Methods to Mitigate Ice Adhesion. The topics covered include: factors influencing the formation, adhesion and friction of ice; ice nucleation on solid surfaces; physics of ice nucleation and growth on a surface; condensation frosting; defrosting properties of structured surfaces; relationship between surface free energy and ice adhesion to surfaces; metrology of ice adhesion; test methods for quantifying ice adhesion strength to surfaces; interlaboratory studies of ice adhesion strength; mechanisms of surface icing and deicing technologies; icephobicities of superhydrophobic surfaces; anti-icing using microstructured surfaces; icephobic surfaces: features and challenges; bio-inspired anti-icing surface materials; durability of anti-icing coatings; durability of icephobic coatings; bio-inspired icephobic coatings; protection from ice accretion on aircraft; and numerical modeling and its application to inflight icing.

Download or read book Advances in Uncertainty Quantification and Optimization Under Uncertainty with Aerospace Applications written by Massimiliano Vasile and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2020 International Conference on Uncertainty Quantification & Optimization gathered together internationally renowned researchers in the fields of optimization and uncertainty quantification. The resulting proceedings cover all related aspects of computational uncertainty management and optimization, with particular emphasis on aerospace engineering problems. The book contributions are organized under four major themes: Applications of Uncertainty in Aerospace & Engineering Imprecise Probability, Theory and Applications Robust and Reliability-Based Design Optimisation in Aerospace Engineering Uncertainty Quantification, Identification and Calibration in Aerospace Models This proceedings volume is useful across disciplines, as it brings the expertise of theoretical and application researchers together in a unified framework.

Download or read book Characteristics of Runback Ice Accretions and Their Aerodynamic Effects written by Edward A. Whalen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The results of a research program to investigate runback ice accretions due to hot-air ice protection systems, scaling of external flow parameters for testing thermal systems, and the resulting aerodynamic effects are presented. Ice accretion testing was conducted at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Icing Research Tunnel to evaluate thermal scaling methods and produce representative runback ice accretions using a business jet wing section equipped with a hot-air, anti-icing system. Test conditions simulated an airplane holding in both at ambient static air temperatures near freezing (warm hold) and well below freezing (cold hold), as well as descending through (descent) Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 25 Appendix C icing conditions."--Page ii

Download or read book Handbook of Numerical Simulation of In Flight Icing written by Wagdi George Habashi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-12 with total page 1278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook of Numerical Simulation of In-Flight Icing covers an array of methodologies and technologies on numerical simulation of in-flight icing and its applications. Comprised of contributions from internationally recognized experts from the Americas, Asia, and the EU, this authoritative, self-contained reference includes best practices and specification data spanning the gamut of simulation tools available internationally that can be used to speed up the certification of aircraft and make them safer to fly into known icing. The collection features nine sections concentrating on aircraft, rotorcraft, jet engines, UAVs; ice protection systems, including hot-air, electrothermal, and others; sensors and probes, CFD in the aid of testing, flight simulators, and certification process acceleration methods. Incorporating perspectives from academia, commercial, government R&D, the book is ideal for a range of engineers and scientists concerned with in-flight icing applications.

Download or read book Development of an Improved Model for Runback Water on Aircraft Surfaces written by Kamel M. Al-Khalil and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Anti Icing Technology written by Robert R. Blackcurn and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1993-04-01 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Validation of NASA thermal ice protection computer codes written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2008 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit 92 0032 92 0059 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NASA SP written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Improvement of Runback Water Film Calculation and Its Impact on Ice Prediction written by Yves Soufflet and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades, aircraft icing has been the subject of numerous studies. Iceaccretion on an aircraft can damage its aerodynamic performance. It can also have a devastatingaffect on structures such as high voltage pylons. The simulation of ice accretionrepresents an important technological breakthrough in the understanding of ice behaviouras well as an alternative to expensive experiments. Although numerical models will probablynever replace wind tunnel experiments, they continuously progress and benefit fromthe latest advances in computing techniques. ICECREMO2 is a new generation modeland uses an unstructured grid approach. Unstructured meshes offer real advantages inthe generation of complex grid structures but also provide support for grid adaptivity. Adaptivity consists in improving the resolution only in some aspects of the solution. Itoffers the benefits of the high resolution without the computational overhead of classicalstructured methods. Adaptive methods are usually more difficult to implement and theapplication to the equation coupling water film and ice growth has never been investigatedbefore this work. The mathematical model used in ICECREMO describes both the water film flow and theice growth. This allows us to better predict glaze ice accretion when a runback waterfilm is present. The equation describing the thin film water flow is a complex non-linearfourth-order degenerate partial differential equation. To resolve complex features suchas a moving front, high resolution numerical methods are necessary. Such a numericalscheme has been developed for this equation in a previous study on structured grid, andhas proven to be reliable. In this work Sweby s scheme has been reformulated in a finitevolume framework, an error estimator has been de ned for our adaptive mesh refinementmethod and a grid refinement strategy has been implemented which follows the water filmfront and keeps it under high resolution. Finally, the impact of the improved resolution of the water film on the glaze ice growthis investigated. Results obtained with first-order and high resolution methods have beencompared on different model problems under various conditions. At the end an extensionof the refinement strategy is proposed by defining error estimators with respect to the icelayer and by combining it with a multi-step procedure.