Download or read book Aerobic Granule Reactor Technology written by M. K. de Kreuk and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-05-31 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new development for the treatment of domestic wastewater is a technology based on aerobic granular sludge. Granular sludge can be developed under specific process conditions. Because of the unique properties of this granular sludge, high volumetric loading rates of aeration tanks can be applied. Thanks to excellent settling properties, the separation of treated wastewater and granular sludge can take place at high hydraulic loading rates. Depending on the chosen process configuration good effluent quality can be obtained, complying with the stringent effluent requirements regarding nitrogen and phosphorus, which can be expected in the future. In this way aerobic granular sludge has the potential to contribute significantly to wastewater treatment management. This report describes the results of research carried out at the Technical University of Delft.
Download or read book Wastewater Purification written by Yu Liu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-12-07 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A newcomer to the scene, aerobic granulation is on its way to becoming the hot new technology for high-efficiency wastewater treatment. Thus far, intensive research has been conducted with regard to the understanding of the mechanism of aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and its application in treating a wide variety of municipa
Download or read book Development of Aerobic Granule Reactor Technology written by Merle de Kreuk and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biogranulation Technologies for Wastewater Treatment written by Joo-Hwa Tay and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-06-16 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial granules have practical importance in anaerobic and aerobic biological wastewater treatment. Advantages of granules are retention of biomass in reactor, diversity of microorganisms, complex structure, and resistance to unfavorable conditions. Microbial granules can be used to treat municipal and industrial wastewater for removal of organic matter, xenobiotics, nutrients, and heavy metals. The book covers almost all aspects of formation and use of microbial granules in wastewater treatment. The data on aerobic microbial granulation are related mostly to laboratory systems due to few pilot systems in the world using aerobic microbial granules. However, by the analogy with anaerobic granulation, which is now used worldwide, it is possible to predict wide applications of aerobic granulation. This book will help researchers and engineers develop these new biotechnologies of wastewater treatment based on aerobic granulation. Covers all aspects of formation, organization, and use of microbial granules in wastewater treatment Integrates engineering, microbiology, and biotechnology of microbial granules Comprises of deep fundamental data as well as practical information for applications of microbial granules in wastewater treatment
Download or read book Aerobic Granular Sludge written by S. Bathe and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-03-31 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerobic Granular Sludge has recently received growing attention by researchers and technology developers, worldwide. Laboratory studies and preliminary field tests led to the conclusion that granular activated sludge can be readily established and profitably used in activated sludge plants, provided 'correct' process conditions are chosen. But what makes process conditions 'correct'? And what makes granules different from activated sludge flocs? Answers to these question are offered in Aerobic Granular Sludge. Major topics covered in this book include: Reasons and mechanism of aerobic granule formation Structure of the microbial population of aerobic granules Role, composition and physical properties of EPS Diffuse limitation and microbial activity within granules Physio-chemical characteristics Operation and application of granule reactors Scale-up aspects of granular sludge reactors, and case studies Aerobic Granular Sludge provides up-to-date information about a rapidly emerging new technology of biological treatment.
Download or read book Development of a Continuous Flow Reactor for Aerobic Granular Sludge written by Tanner Devlin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerobic granular sludge is an advanced biological process that provides sustainable wastewater treatment. Compared to conventional wastewater treatment processes, aerobic granular sludge exhibits better settling, higher volumetric loading, reduced chemical and electrical requirements, and less biosolids production. Currently, aerobic granular sludge is only available as a sequencing batch reactor process. Sequencing batch reactors, however, would not be suitable for retrofit at most existing wastewater treatment facilities. Therefore, many facilities would not be able to realize the benefits of aerobic granular sludge unless significant changes to existing infrastructure were made. A more compatible technology, being a continuous flow reactor, would facilitate the implementation of aerobic granular sludge into existing facilities that would otherwise struggle with sequencing batch reactors. Thus, the goal of these studies was to develop a continuous flow reactor for aerobic granular sludge that would be suitable for retrofit into existing wastewater treatment facilities. To attain the goal, several items had to be addressed, including: 1) the suitability of aerobic granular sludge to treat low-strength, municipal wastewater; 2) the importance of hydrodynamic shear force for aerobic granular sludge stability; 3) the role of organic loading rate on aerobic granular sludge stability and performance; 4) the impact of selective wasting on granulation in continuous flow; and 5) the impact of reactor configuration on granulation in continuous flow. For more general items, such as suitability for low-strength wastewater and the role of hydrodynamic shear force, lab-scale sequencing batch reactors were used. The remaining tests were carried out in lab- and pilot-scale continuous flow reactors. Based on the results, design and operational parameters for an aerobic granular sludge-continuous flow reactor were developed and confirmed to be feasible for the treatment of low-strength, municipal wastewater.
Download or read book Formation characterization and mathematical modeling of the aerobic granular sludge written by Bing-Jie Ni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-25 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerobic granular sludge technology will play an important role as an innovative technology alternative to the present activated sludge process in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment in the near future. Intended to fill the gaps in the studies of aerobic granular sludge, this thesis comprehensively investigates the formation, characterization and mathematical modeling of aerobic granular sludge, through integrating the process engineering tools and advanced molecular microbiology. The research results of this thesis contributed significantly to the advance of understanding and optimization of the bacterial granulation processes, the next generation of technology for cost-effective biological wastewater treatment. Dr. Bing-Jie Ni works at Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC) of The University of Queensland, Australia.
Download or read book Microbial Granulation Technology for Nutrient Removal from Wastewater written by Yu Liu and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerobic granulation technology for wastewater treatment has been widely exploited in recent years. Currently, research on aerobic granulation is been intensively conducted in universities, institutes, private or public interest research organisations world-wide. This book provides the latest research outcomes on the fundamentals and applications of this technology for biological nutrient removal from wastewater. The book offers researchers and practitioners in wastewater treatment engineering up-to-date knowledge and understanding of this novel nutrient removal biotechnology.
Download or read book Environmental Anaerobic Technology Applications And New Developments written by Herbert Han Ping Fang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010-10-07 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic technology has become widely accepted by the environmental industry as a cost-effective alternative to the conventional aerobic process. In addition, with the intrinsic advantages of energy saving, reduced sludge yield, and production of biofuel, anaerobic process will be the favored green treatment technology for sustainable environment in years to come.Written by 40 renowned experts from 13 countries/regions, this book consists of 18 chapters compiling state-of-the-art information on new developments in various aspects of anaerobic technology. These include development of new types of reactors, uses of molecular techniques for microbial studies and mathematical modeling, productions of bio-hydrogen by fermentation and microbial electrolysis cell, as well as broadening applications to the treatment of municipal wastewater, effluents from chemical industry and agricultural wastes with high lignocellulose content./a
Download or read book Formation and Stability of Aerobic Granular Sludge in Biological Wastewater Treatment written by Yun Li and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Formation and Stability of Aerobic Granular Sludge in Biological Wastewater Treatment" by Yun, Li, 李贇, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Aerobic sludge granulation is a new technology that has been developed for biological wastewater treatment. Compared with conventional activated sludge, aerobic granules allow better sludge-water separation and a higher biomass concentration. However, the mechanism of the transformation from sludge flocs to granular sludge under the aerobic condition is still unclear. Deterioration of aerobic granules in long-term operation is also a concern for its scale-up application. The present study was conducted to investigate the crucial factors for aerobic granulation and its underlying mechanism. In addition, the stability of aerobic granules under unfavorable conditions and the recovery of deteriorated granules in bioreactors were also studied. For formation of aerobic granules, gelation-facilitated biofilm growth was proposed as a new mechanism for the granulation process. Simulation of granule formation was performed in a well-controlled chemical system to provide an experimental proof for the proposed aerobic granulation theory. Granule formation was achieved in a particle suspension with latex microspheres for bacterial cells and alginate and peptone for extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), together with the cation addition and floc discharge. In the mixture with the dosing of alginate and a small amount of peptone, artificial gels and granules could be well formed, and the artificial granules share the similar micro-structure as the aerobic bacterial granules. However, as the dose of peptone increased, gels were not formed and only large particle flocs were produced. The formation of artificial granules proves that effective EPS interactions with cations and the subsequent gelation are crucial to aerobic granulation in bioreactors. In relation to granulation, the effect of the substrate feeding pattern on the microbial yield was tested. The results show that the bioreactor with a more frequent substrate feeding interval had a lower sludge yield than the reactor (0.45 vs. 0.55) with a less frequent feeding. The sludge fed less frequently was able to store more substrates as intracellular substances, resulting in more biomass growth. Moreover, a long feeding interval would force the biomass into the feast-famine regime, which was found to enhance microbial growth and granulation, producing granules with a compact and stable structure. For the stability of aerobic granules, various factors that would been countered in biological wastewater treatment were experimented. The results show that granules deteriorated in structure under unfavorable conditions, such as a low solution pH (pH 6.0), a high loading rate, and feed of starch instead of glucose into the bioreactors. In some deterioration cases, filamentous bacterial growth became more dominant and the granules became loose and fluffy flocs. Compared to mature granules, fresh granules were less stable and more vulnerable to the unfavorable conditions. As the granules deteriorated in structure, their surface roughness values increased considerably from 35 or less to more than 230. Under a favorable condition with a feed of sodium acetate, the deteriorated granules could be recovered in some reactors. However, deterioration of the granules caused by filamentous growth at a low pH or high loading rate could hardly be recovered. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5194763 Subjects: Sewage - Purification - Microbial granulatio
Download or read book Formation and Evaluation of the Filterability of Aerobic Granules in a Granular Sludge Membrane Bioreactor written by Ana M. Duque Correa and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technologies of aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) were combined in an attempt to develop an aerobic granular sludge membrane bioreactor (GMBR). The objectives were to determine the mechanisms controlling the formation of granules and granule stability in the GMBR as well as to evaluate the filterability of the granular sludge. The GMBR was operated in parallel with a SBR. In the SBR granulation was achieved after 16 days while no granulation was observed in the GMBR even after 10 weeks of operation. Filterability of the GMBR biomass, which was dominated by flocs, was compared with the filterability of granules cultivated in the SBR. The results showed no significant difference in filterability of granular sludge versus flocular sludge. Also, the clean water flux obtained after filtering flocular sludge was higher than after filtering granular sludge, suggesting that irreversible membrane fouling caused by adsorption of soluble extracellular polymeric substances (sEPS) was more important in the granules than in the flocs. According to the results of this study, granular sludge might not be able to alleviate the membrane fouling problem in MBRs. Furthermore, it could lead to irreversible membrane fouling in a major extent than that produced by conventional flocular sludge.
Download or read book Aerobic Fixed growth Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides background information through a review of technical practices and procedures that research and experience have shown to be functional and practical. Chapters cover topics such as fixed-growth processes, biology of fixed-growth reactors, trickling filter processes, rotating biolog
Download or read book Biogranulation Technologies for Wastewater Treatment written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial granules have practical importance in anaerobic and aerobic biological wastewater treatment. Advantages of granules are retention of biomass in reactor, diversity of microorganisms, complex structure, and resistance to unfavorable conditions. Microbial granules can be used to treat municipal and industrial wastewater for removal of organic matter, xenobiotics, nutrients, and heavy metals. The book covers almost all aspects of formation and use of microbial granules in wastewater treatment. The data on aerobic microbial granulation are related mostly to laboratory systems due to few pilot systems in the world using aerobic microbial granules. However, by the analogy with anaerobic granulation, which is now used worldwide, it is possible to predict wide applications of aerobic granulation. This book will help researchers and engineers develop these new biotechnologies of wastewater treatment based on aerobic granulation. Covers all aspects of formation, organization, and use of microbial granules in wastewater treatmen. Integrates engineering, microbiology, and biotechnology of microbial granules. Comprises of deep fundamental data as well as practical information for applications of microbial granules in wastewater treatment.--[Source inconnue].
Download or read book Approaches for Modeling Anaerobic Granule Based Reactors written by Jixiang Yang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic granule sludge is a self-forming biofilm. This biofilm can be developed without the presence of bio-carriers. Anaerobic granule sludge-based technologies are dominant technologies in the field of anaerobic wastewater treatment. Although they are successful technologies, many efforts are still needed for a better understanding of the granules and granule-based reactors because reactor failure can occur. Here, reactor modeling is highly helpful in understanding the performance of anaerobic bioreactors. A model that can accurately model bioprocesses in a sludge bed reactor and predict concentrations of effluent components is valuable. This is because the model can provide insights into the reactor and be useful in reactor control. Current models of granules are models on bioprocesses in a single granule sludge or on the hydrodynamics and biokinetics in a sludge bed reactor. Here, we review advances in reactor model and its applications as well as limitations and further improvements in the models.
Download or read book Development and Testing of an Aerobic Granular Activated Carbon Fluidized Bed Reactor with Internal Media Cleaning written by Steven I. Safferman and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applications of Aerobic Granular Sludge and Source separated Urine for Enhanced Nutrient Removal and Recovery written by Stephany Wei and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient removal is one of the main goals of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) to prevent eutrophication in the environment. The growing population and increasingly stringent discharge limits impose a need for intensification of existing wastewater infrastructure to maximize treatment capacity in the available space. The secondary goals of wastewater treatment are related to sustainability, such as reduced chemical usage and resource recovery. This thesis aims to find actionable maps for compact wastewater treatment solutions and new concepts for nutrient recovery with four specific objectives. (1) Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is an emerging technology that can enhance biological nutrient removal with reduced footprint. The current AGS technology is implemented in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and its integration into existing full-scale continuous flow activate sludge (CFAS) systems is the next challenge to make this technology widely accessible. This thesis aims to address this research gap by understanding the selection factors contributing to granule growth in CFAS systems, investigating the partitioning of microbial community between granules versus flocs, and exploring strategies for cultivating granules in a WWTP. The major conclusions from this work are the following: (i) Aerobic granules were discovered to naturally occur at 13 surveyed CFAS plants and their abundance were related to key design features such as high anaerobic food to mass ratios and influent soluble carbon fraction. Molecular analyses indicated that process configurations that select for slow-growing heterotrophs may also play an important role. (ii) In a hybrid granular activated sludge reactor, flocs offered better growth conductions for polyphosphate accumulating organisms while ammonia-oxidizing bacteria benefitted from the longer SRT in the granules. A complex relationship of microbial competition/cooperation between granules and flocs was demonstrated, highlighting the important role of small particles in maintaining the nutrient removal capacity of a hybrid granule/floc system. (iii) Full-scale application of a novel biocarrier technology for intensifying a CFAS plant was demonstrated with an all-organic media made of kenafs to facilitate biofilm attachment. The biofilm aggregates developed were comparable to SBR-type aerobic granules in terms of physical characteristics and activities of key microbial functional groups. (2) Phosphorus recovery is gaining importance as the global phosphorus reserves is a finite resource. Struvite (MgNH4PO4. 6H2O) is a proven slow-releasing fertilizer that can be obtained via precipitation. Struvite precipitation at WWTPs uses reject water from anaerobic digesters, but sludge thickening prior to digestion is needed to obtain high enough P concentrations in the struvite reactor as necessary to drive precipitation kinetics. This research aims to utilize the high thickening characteristics of AGS to demonstrate the production of a P-rich stream by simple anaerobic holding of the waste granular sludge. This concept was tested with aerobic granules cultivated on aquaculture waste, achieving a P-rich stream without the need for sludge thickening equipment or anaerobic digester. (3) Resource recovery at a WWTP can be limited by existing infrastructure and diluted concentrations. On the other hand, urine collected at the source (source-separated urine) offers an alternative stream for struvite recovery and is more favorable to centralized WWTP in terms of sustainable nutrient management. Struvite recovery from urine is well-demonstrated but due to the disproportionally high N/P ratio, significant amount of ammonia is remained after the struvite recovery step and requires additional treatment. The industrial production of nitrogen fertilizer via the Haber Bosch process consumes 1 – 2% of the global energy usage, and thus recycling of nitrogen from wastewater is desired. This thesis tested a chemical/physical process that combines air stripping and acid scrubbing at pilot-scale and demonstrated 93% N removal, from which 85% was recovered in the form of ammonium sulfate fertilizer. (4) While nitrogen recovery via chemical/physical processes is a viable option (as identified in objective 3), the high energy demand is a major drawback. Biological nitrification offers a promising alternative as its energy input is lower than chemical/physical processes and the product (nitrified urine) is a good fertilizer. Urine can consist of varying compositions of ammonia and urea and in some cases (e.g., fresh urine), microbial hydrolysis of urea (ureolysis) is the first step towards obtaining a nitrified urine product. However, little is known about the ureolytic metabolism of nitrifying organisms and how their cellular regulations control the selective use of different nitrogen substrates. This thesis characterized the ureolytic physiology of five ammonia oxidizer isolates and showcased their varying regulatory responses to alternative nitrogen substrates.
Download or read book Biosorption written by Jan Derco and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Municipal and industrial wastewaters contain a wide spectrum of pollutants. Their effective removal presents a challenge for water treatment technology. Biosorption of nutrients and pollutants has been used in sewage treatment since the discovery of the activated sludge process. It is a passive uptake process by which pollutants are adsorbed on the surface of cell walls and/or dissolved in structures of microorganism cells that are present in sludge. Sorbed pollutants remain in the sludge and can be potentially released back into the environment depending on their condition and the reversibility of the pollutant-sludge interaction. An overview of typical biosorption applications for the removal of nutrients, organic pollutants, and metals in wastewater treatment is provided in different areas of their use for the protection of aquatic ecosystems and human health. This book will be of interest to operators of wastewater treatment plants and sludge treatment and disposal facilities as well as to researchers and university students in the field of environmental engineering.
