Download or read book Development of a Passive Sampler to Detect Six Aldehydes written by Iyad Kheirbek and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Passive Sampling written by Carey E. Donald and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Passive sampling devices have been used for decades to measure complex mixtures of bioavailable organic chemicals in a variety of environmental media. More recently passive sampler applications have expanded beyond monitoring chemical concentrations, and this dissertation continues to advance methods of passive sampling on many fronts. Despite their growing use, no practical, evidence-based guidelines exist to ensure concentrations of chemicals sequestered in passive samplers are stable in transport and storage. We demonstrated that concentrations of semivolatile chemicals sequestered within passive samplers would be stable with low-cost shipping from isolated locales by simulating in the laboratory a worst-case scenario at 35 °C for two weeks. Quantitative measures of the flux of semivolatile chemicals between soil and air have been limited by the challenges of collecting soil and estimating chemical fugacity from soil. We avoided these pitfalls by adapting passive sampling equipment to directly sample gas-phase chemicals in air above the soil. The sensitivity of the novel technique was demonstrated at three disparate sites, where volatilization was measured at a site with historically contaminated soil, and deposition was measured at another site with a recent oil spill and fire. In a related study, we deployed the same equipment on artificial turf fields to provide the first quantitative measure of semivolatile flux between artificial turf and overlying air. We detected an additional 26 compounds that have not been previously associated with artificial turf, including some that have known human health impacts. Finally, passive sampling principles were applied to measure chemicals in the human personal environment, using a newly-developed silicone passive sampler wristband. Nineteen pesticides were detected that were not reportedly used among 35 rural farmer participants, demonstrating the utility of the wristband in measuring personal exposures to pesticides. Pesticide concentrations in multiple wristbands, worn by a participant over time, were more similar to each other than to other participants, signifying the uniqueness of personal environments and the importance of taking personalized measurements when assessing risk. The advancements in this dissertation capitalize on the features of passive sampling techniques: easy, yet robust, transport capabilities were demonstrated to provide evidence-based transport criteria; ability to directly measure gas-phase chemicals led to quantitative flux measurements from soil and artificial turf; non-selective organic chemical sequestration allowed for identification of unexpected, or previously unreported chemicals; and the polymer qualities that mimic biological membranes sampled the bioavailable fraction for comparing human exposures. The advancements herein provide logistical solutions and sensitive measures of chemical transport and human exposures, and contribute to the expanding range of possibilities for passive sampling.
Download or read book Development of Alternative Green Sample Preparation Techniques written by Emanuela Gionfriddo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Special Issue of Separations, “Development of Alternative Green Sample Preparation Techniques”, provides an overview on recent trends in green sample preparation. This Special Issue of Separations collates 11 impressive contributions that describe the state-of-the-art in the development of green extraction technologies, from green materials for microextraction to the development of new sampling devices geometries for enhanced extraction efficiency and analysis throughput.
Download or read book Research Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of a Passive Sampler Using a Liquid Sorbent for Alcohol Vapors written by Melissa McAfee and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Pilot Study of Small scale Spatial Variability in Aldehyde Concentrations in Hillsborough County Florida to Establish and Evaluate Passive Sampling and Analysis Methods written by Amanda M. Evans and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) as urban air toxics. Health effects due to significant exposure to these air toxics include increased incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer, myeloid leukemia, and exacerbation of asthma. Determining the spatial variation of air toxics, such as acetaldehyde and formaldehyde, is important for improving health risk assessment and evaluating the effectiveness of source control and reduction programs. Here, a pilot study was designed and performed to investigate small-scale spatial variability in concentrations of aldehydes using passive samplers. A literature review was first completed to select and evaluate current passive sampling and analysis methods. Radiello Aldehyde Samplers and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were selected for sampling and analysis, respectively. An HPLC instrument was then set-up for separation with an Allure AK (aldehyde-ketone) column and for detection of aldehyde-derivatives via ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer at 365 nm. Samplers were deployed in an (approximately) 0.7 km resolution grid pattern for one week in January 2010. Collected samples and blanks were eluted with acetonitrile and analysis was performed with the HPLC. Aldehyde samples were quantified using calibration standards. Mean aldehyde concentrations were 3.1 and 1.2 mg/m3 for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, respectively, and mean acetaldehyde/formaldehyde concentration ratios were 0.4. The concentration ratios showed very little variation between sites, and correlation of aldehyde concentrations by site was high (r=0.7). Therefore, it is likely that both aldehydes have similar sources. Spatial variation of aldehyde concentrations was small within the sampling area, as displayed by low coefficients of variation (13 and 23% for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, respectively) and small concentration differences between sites (average of both aldehydes less than 0.5 mg/m3). Thus, one sampler may be representative of this sampling area and possibly other areas of the same spatial scale. Methods established during this pilot study will be used in a larger field campaign to characterize the spatial distribution of concentrations throughout the county, for analysis of environmental equity and health impacts.
Download or read book Analysis of Aldehydes in the Atmosphere and Development of an Inorganic Sampling Method for Collection of Formaldehyde for 14C Analysis written by Jens Krogh Rasmussen and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monitoring of Air Pollutants written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-11-29 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring of Air Pollutants: Sampling, Sample Preparation and Analytical Techniques provides a comprehensive reference on air pollutant monitoring, addressing experimental approaches to sampling and sample preparation, as well as analytical technologies (instrumental methods) which are applicable to a wide range of topics. The book's purpose is to provide an in-depth resource on the monitoring of ambient air pollutants that covers the basic principles, recent developments, and important applications in the field. Current trends and recent advances are discussed, both with respect to analytical techniques and target air pollutants. All aspects of air pollutant monitoring, from sampling, to sample preparation, and analysis, are covered, making this the book of choice for consultation by air monitoring practitioners. - Contains all the information needed for air pollutant monitoring from sampling, to sample preparation, to analysis - Provides guidance on the best analytical approach for a target pollutant - Presents the pros and cons of included techniques to enable informed decisions - Includes case studies based on published practical applications
Download or read book Relationships of Indoor Outdoor and Personal Air RIOPA written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sick Buildings written by Thad Godish and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive examination of the phenomenon of poor indoor air quality (IAQ) characterized as sick or problem buildings. Significant emphasis is given to defining the nature of the problem, the various potential causal and risk factors, problem building diagnostic protocols and contaminant measurements, and the mitigation of IAQ problems, including case histories. The book features a discussion on the potential causal factors studied extensively in Europe and recognized in North America as well.
Download or read book 2 butenal written by J. Kielhorn and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First draft prepared by Dr. J. Kielhorn and Dr. I. Mangelsdorf, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hanover, Germany ; and Dr. K. Ziegler-Skylakakis, MAK Commission (Commission for the investigation of health hazards of chemical compunds in the work area), Munich, Germany.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Indoor Air Quality written by Yinping Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-23 with total page 2182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People live in indoor environment about 90% of lifetime and an adult inhales about 15 kg air each day, over 75% of the human body’s daily mass intake (air, food, water). Therefore, indoor air quality (IAQ) is very important to human health. This book provides the basic knowledge of IAQ and highlights the research achievements in the past two decades. It covers the following 12 sections: introduction, indoor air chemicals, indoor air particles, measurement and evaluation, source/sink characteristics, indoor chemistry, human exposure to indoor pollutants, health effects and health risk assessment, IAQ and cognitive performance, standards and guidelines, IAQ control, and air quality in various indoor environments. It provides a combination of an introduction to various aspects on IAQ studies, the current state-of-knowledge, various advances and the perspective of IAQ studies. It will be very helpful for the researchers and technicians in the IAQ and the related fields. It is also useful for experts in other fields and general readers who want to obtain a basic understanding of and research advances in the field of IAQ. A group of experts in IAQ research have been recruited to write the chapters. Their research interests and experience cover the scope of the book. In addition, some experienced experts in IAQ field have been invited as advisors or reviewers to give their comments, suggestions and revisions on the handbook framework and the chapter details. Their contribution guarantees the quality of the book. We are very grateful to them. Last but not least, we express our heartfelt thanks to Prof. Spengler, Harvard University, for writing the foreword of the current Handbook of Indoor Air Quality both as a pioneer scientist who contributed greatly to indoor air science and as an Editor-in-chief of Handbook of Indoor Air Quality 2001, 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. In addition to hard copies, the book is also published online and will be updated by the authors as needed to keep it aligned with current knowledge. These salient features can make the handbook fresh with the research development.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2098 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Aldehydes Advances in Research and Application 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aldehydes: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Aldehydes. The editors have built Aldehydes: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Aldehydes in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Aldehydes: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Development of Passive Samplers for Measuring Indoor Air Concentrations and Measurement of Physical and Chemical Properties of Semi Volatile Organic Compounds written by Joseph Ocheje Okeme and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human exposure to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) including flame retardants (FRs) and plasticizers used in consumer products from indoor sources is a serious concern. These compounds are then advected to the outdoor environment which leads to regional and long-range transport and exposure to the ecosystem. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of exposure to selected SVOCs by developing tools, methods and providing data to facilitate exposure assessment particularly regarding indoor air. Three new passive air samplers (PAS), namely silicone rubber (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS), styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (XAD)-Pocket and XAD-PDMS were calibrated against an active air sampler and compared to the more popular polyurethane foam (PUF) PAS. Although the indoor sampling rates vary, we recommend from these studies a generic sampling rate of 1.7 m3 day-1dm-2 and 0.94 m3 day-1dm-2 for PDMS and PUF, respectively. The active air sampler was also used to assess the gas-particle distribution of the target compounds. The particle-phase partitioning fractions of SVOCs is a key determinant of their environmental behaviour and potential for exposure thus toxicity. A key finding here, is that some relatively volatile organophosphate ester FRs are present in the gas-phase where most published studies of active air sampling report them largely in the particle phase, indicating a sampling artifact. To improve chemical screening and modelling of the transport and fate, this thesis provides experimentally determined values of vapour pressures and octanol-air partition coefficients for over 50 SVOCs measured here using the well-established gas chromatography retention time method. Deployment of PDMS and PUF in residential homes gave comparable estimates of air concentrations for SVOCs in the gas-phase, although PUF was more able to capture compounds with higher fractions in the particulate phase. PDMS shows promise as a tool for estimating exposure to a wide range of SVOCs indoors, although its particle sampling efficiency warrants further work.
Download or read book Patty s Toxicology 6 Volume Set written by Eula Bingham and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-31 with total page 5872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring the improved format used in the 5th edition, this updated set presents, in logical groupings, comprehensive toxicological data for industrial compounds, including CAS numbers, physical and chemical properties, exposure limits, and biological tolerance values for occupational exposures, making it essential for toxicologists and industrial hygienists. This edition has about 40% new authors who have brought a new and international perspective to interpreting industrial toxicology, and discusses new subjects such as nanotechnology, flavorings and the food industry, reactive chemical control to comprehensive chemical policy, metalworking fluids, and pharmaceuticals.
