Download or read book Development of a Microfluidic Module for DNA Purification Via Phenol Extraction written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purification of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by organic-aqueous liquid extraction, also called phenol extraction, is a standard technique commonly utilized in biology laboratories. In order to minimize interaction energies, membrane components and proteins naturally partition to the organic (phenol) phase while the DNA stays in the aqueous phase, where it can be easily removed. In recent years, microfluidics has become a driving force toward more efficient and autonomous platforms for fluid based diagnostics, chemical reaction chambers, separation and preparation of biological materials. In this work, the design, fabrication, and performance of long microfluidic devices for DNA extraction are presented. The devices were fabricated using soft lithography to transfer lithographically defined features into a PDMS structure via replica molding. Stratified-flow experiments using a rhodamine dye conjugated bovine serum albumin protein (BSA) in an aqueous phase were conducted to compare different microchannel designs based on their ability to remove proteins from the aqueous phase into the phenol phase. Additionally, the study of BSA partitioning and DNA isolation in a two-phase system under stratified flow condition were addressed, separately and conjunctly. Finally, protein partitioning and DNA recovery were analyzed to evaluate two types of mixing, passive diffusion through stratified flows and droplet enhancement mixing.

Download or read book Development of Microfluidic Modules for DNA Purification Via Phenol Extraction and Analyte Concentration Using Transverse Electrokinetics written by Mercedes C. Morales and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, microfluidic platforms have been designed and evaluated to demonstrate microscale DNA purification via organic (phenol) extraction as well as analyte trapping and concentration using a transverse electrokinetic force balance. First, in order to evaluate DNA purification via phenol extraction in a microdevice, an aqueous phase containing protein and DNA and an immiscible receiving organic phase were utilized to evaluate microfluidic DNA extraction under both stratified and droplet-based flow conditions using a serpentine microfluidic device. The droplet based flow resulted in a significant improvement of protein partitioning from the aqueous phase due to the flow recirculation inside each droplet improving material convective transport into the organic phase. The plasmid recovery from bacterial lysates using droplet-based flow was high (>92%) and comparable to the recovery achieved using commercial DNA purification kits and standard macroscale phenol extraction. Second, a converging Y-inlet microfluidic channel with integrated coplanar electrodes was used to investigate transverse DNA and protein migration under uniform direct current (DC) electric fields. Negatively charged samples diluted in low and high ionic strength buffers were co-infused with a receiving buffer of the same ionic strength into a main channel where transverse electric fields were applied. Experimental results demonstrated that charged analytes could traverse the channel width and accumulate at the positive bias electrode in a low electroosmotic mobility and high electrophoretic mobility condition (high ionic strength buffer) or migrated towards an equilibrium position within the channel when both electroosmotic mobility and electrophoretic mobility are high (low ionic strength buffer). The different behaviors are the result of a balance between the electrophoretic force and a drag force induced by a recirculating electroosmotic flow generated across the channel width due to the bounding walls. The miniaturization of DNA phenol extraction and the novel electrokinetic trapping techniques presented in this research are the initial steps towards an efficient DNA sample preparation chip which could be integrated with post-extraction DNA manipulations for genomic analysis modules such as capillary electrophoretic separations.

Download or read book Development of a Microfluidic System for Efficient DNA Purification from Large volume Blood Samples written by Jian Wen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation strikes at the heart of one of the major challenges associated with developing microfluidic systems for genetic analysis---solid phase extraction (SPE) from real-world samples. The work described involves the development of a novel two-stage, dual-phase microfluidic device using a novel porous monolithic as the solid phase for high capacity DNA purification from human blood, arguably the most challenging of samples. The fundamental chemistry and microfluidic embodiment of this porous monolith is detailed, and the capacity of the monolith in the microfluidic-based device is determined as it pertains to whole blood DNA. To circumvent the competition between proteins and DNA in the blood sample for binding sites on the phase, a reversed-phase C18 pre-column is developed to selectively isolate the majority of the proteins from DNA present in the blood lysate upstream of the DNA capture phase. The enlisting of a protein capture phase as stage 1 coupled with the DNA extraction monolith in stage 2, the novel two-stage, dual-phase microfluidic device is involved. To meet the needs of clinical diagnostic community for large capacity DNA purification while minimizing the overall cost of device, a novel monolith surface passivation method is demonstrated. Finally, microchip design, specifically, the microchannel configuration and cross-sectional geometry, is optimized to efficiently eliminate DNA elution peak tailing, enabling for the faster release of DNA while still retaining the DNA concentrating effect of the SPE. Future directions are also suggested at the end of this dissertation.

Download or read book Development of a Microfluidic Lab on a Chip System for DNA Extraction and Analysis written by Franziska Marie Esmek and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Methods in Bioengineering written by Jeffrey D. Zahn and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2009-10 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written and edited by recognized experts in the field, the new Artech House Methods in Bioengineering series offers detailed guidance on authoritative methods for addressing specific bioengineering challenges. Offering a highly practical presentation of each topic, each book provides research engineers, scientists, and students with step-by-step procedures, clear examples, and effective ways to overcome problems that may be encountered. This unique volume presents leading-edge microfluidics methods used to handle, manipulate, and analyze cells, particles biological components (e.g., proteins and DNA) for microdiagnostics.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics written by Dongqing Li and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-06 with total page 2242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering all aspects of transport phenomena on the nano- and micro-scale, this encyclopedia features over 750 entries in three alphabetically-arranged volumes including the most up-to-date research, insights, and applied techniques across all areas. Coverage includes electrical double-layers, optofluidics, DNC lab-on-a-chip, nanosensors, and more.

Download or read book DNA Purification in Microfluidic Systems for Clinical and Forensic Application written by Joan Marie Bienvenue and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrated DNA Extraction and Amplification on a Microfluidic Device written by Kirsty Jane Shaw and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evaluation of DNA extraction and amplification performed in microfluidic systems was carried out, with the aim of integrating the two processes in a single microfluidic device. This integrated device will then be incorporated upstream of capillary gel electrophoresis and fluorescence-based detection for development of a completely integrated genetic analysis system. DNA extraction was performed using a silica substrate with both hydrodynamic and electro-osmotic pumping (EOP), resulting in maximum DNA extraction efficiencies of 82% and 52% respectively under optimised conditions. While the DNA extraction efficiency was lower using EOP, this method eliminates the need for external pumps and ensures easier mechanical connection to the microfluidic device. The use of thermally activated silica monoliths as the solid-phase resulted in superior DNA extraction efficiencies compared to when photo-initiated monoliths and silica beads were used. DNA amplification of up to nine forensically relevant loci was successfully achieved on the microfluidic device in volumes as low as 1.1 microlitres using Peltier heating. A combination of silanisation and dynamic passivation was required to prevent PCR inhibition resulting from DNA polymerase adsorption. A custom-built microwave heating system was also evaluated, which was capable of heating and cooling rates of 65°C/second and 58°C/second, respectively. EOP was used in the generation of an integrated microfluidic device, for DNA extraction and amplification. The silica monolith used as the solid-phase for DNA extraction also acted as a pump for electrokinetic movement. All necessary reagents for carrying out both DNA extraction and amplification were encapsulated in agarose gel and pre-loaded onto the microfluidic device creating a self-contained, ready-to-use system. Following addition of the biological sample to the microfluidic device, all electrokinetic movement and thermal cycling was controlled using a custom-built operating system.

Download or read book Closed System DNA Purification for Degraded Compromised Evidence in Microfluidic Devices written by James P. Landers and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The aims of this grant were to develop a volume reduction solid phase extraction (vrSPE) microchip capable of accommodating large volumes. The device was then to be applied to degraded and compromised samples as well as the purification of mitochondrial DNA. The device was also to be demonstrated in a multiplexed format for as few as two samples. Finally devices were to be field tested in a forensic laboratory using non-probative evidentiary samples."--Executive summary.

Download or read book Handbook of DNA Profiling written by Hirak Ranjan Dash and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-06-29 with total page 1206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book comprehensively reviews the significance of DNA technology in forensic science. After presenting the theory, basic principles, tools and techniques that are used in forensic DNA typing, it summarizes various techniques, including autosomal STR, Y-STR, X-STR, mitochondrial DNA and NGS, used in solving both criminal as and civil cases, such as paternity disputes, identification of mutilated remains, and culprit identification in sexual assault and murder cases. It also provides an overview of DNA-based genetic diagnostics for various diseases, and discusses the role of DNA typing in drug reactions, as well as the application of non-human DNA profiling of animals and plants in forensic science investigations. Lastly, the book examines the role of internal quality control in maintaining the high quality of DNA profiling.

Download or read book Integrated Biochips for DNA Analysis written by Robin Liu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-03 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this book is to provide up-to-date coverage of some of the emerging developments in the field of integrated DNA biochips. It will prove a useful source of information for researchers in the field and for those who are just entering the field of biochip research.

Download or read book General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease. The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.

Download or read book Mems for Biomedical Applications written by Shekhar Bhansali and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-07-18 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) in the biomedical field is leading to a new generation of medical devices. MEMS for biomedical applications reviews the wealth of recent research on fabrication technologies and applications of this exciting technology.The book is divided into four parts: Part one introduces the fundamentals of MEMS for biomedical applications, exploring the microfabrication of polymers and reviewing sensor and actuator mechanisms. Part two describes applications of MEMS for biomedical sensing and diagnostic applications. MEMS for in vivo sensing and electrical impedance spectroscopy are investigated, along with ultrasonic transducers, and lab-on-chip devices. MEMS for tissue engineering and clinical applications are the focus of part three, which considers cell culture and tissue scaffolding devices, BioMEMS for drug delivery and minimally invasive medical procedures. Finally, part four reviews emerging biomedical applications of MEMS, from implantable neuroprobes and ocular implants to cellular microinjection and hybrid MEMS.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, MEMS for biomedical applications provides an authoritative review for scientists and manufacturers involved in the design and development of medical devices as well as clinicians using this important technology. - Reviews the wealth of recent research on fabrication technologies and applications of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) in the biomedical field - Introduces the fundamentals of MEMS for biomedical applications, exploring the microfabrication of polymers and reviewing sensor and actuator mechanisms - Considers MEMS for biomedical sensing and diagnostic applications, along with MEMS for in vivo sensing and electrical impedance spectroscopy

Download or read book Modern Clinical Molecular Techniques written by Peter Hu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-11 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book covers the need to know clinical practices for all those involved in molecular laboratory science. The field of molecular medicine is evolving at an astounding speed. Propelled by the new insights and technologies, advances are being made at an unprecedented rate. With dual measure given to today’s breakthroughs, this book is a collection of the most current practices relevant to the clinical molecular laboratorian. It begins with an introductory section on techniques and procedure. It then presents four separate sections on infectious disease, oncology, pre/post-natal, and identity testing, with specific chapters clearly outlining clinical protocols used in daily practice. Modern Clinical Molecular Techniques cuts to the heart of what is essential for the practicing molecular laboratory scientist. It is an outstanding resource for those operating within or looking to set up a clinical molecular laboratory.

Download or read book Wood Production Wood Technology and Biotechnological Impacts written by Ursula Kües and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2007 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the year 2001, Prof. Dr. Ursula Kües was appointed at the Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology of the Georg-August-University Göttingen to the chair Molecular Wood Biotechnology endowed by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU). Her group studies higher fungi in basic and applied research. Research foci are on mushroom development and on fungal enzymes degrading wood and their applications in wood biotechnology. This book has been edited to thank the DBU for all support given to the chair Molecular Wood Biotechnology. Contributions to the book are from scientists from Göttingen recognised in different fields of forestry and wood science. Chapters presented by members of the group Molecular Wood Biotechnology introduces into their areas of research. The book is designed for interested students of wood biology and wood technology but will also address scientists in the field.

Download or read book Molecular Beacons written by Chaoyong James Yang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Beacons explains working principle of molecular beacons, discusses their design, synthesis, purification and characterization, explores their thermodynamic and kinetic properties, and more importantly, reviews their in vivo and in vitro applications with the emphasis on the design and modification of molecular beacons for in vivo mRNA imaging applications. This book is designed to bring together in a single resource an organized and comprehensive view of molecular beacons and will be a valuable resource for academic, clinical and industrial scientists and graduate students who may consider exploring molecular beacons in their research or practice. Chaoyong James Yang is the Lu Jiaxi Professor of Chemistry at Xiamen University, China. Weihong Tan is a Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering at Hunan University, China and also a University of Florida Distinguished Professor and V. T. and Louis Jackson Professor of Chemistry at the University of Florida, USA.

Download or read book Electrochemical Biosensors written by Serge Cosnier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since four decades, rapid detection and monitoring in clinical and food diagnostics and in environmental and biodefense have paved the way for the elaboration of electrochemical biosensors. Thanks to their adaptability, ease of use in relatively complex samples, and their portability, electrochemical biosensors now are one of the mainstays of analy