Download or read book Development of a Fast Microfluidic Mixer for Studies of Protein Folding KineticsFinal Report Cover Page written by O. Bakajin and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We designed and fabricated mixing devices that will help us elucidate the mechanisms of protein folding through measurements of folding reaction rates. These devices can be used in studying of other biological systems and are compatible with various spectroscopic observation methods. The project involved development of fabrication processes and setup of a laboratory for assembly and characterization of microfluidic devices, as well as measurements of protein folding kinetics. We produced three variants of the mixer: (1) The ultra fast mixer for Foerster Resonance Energy Transfer measurements (described by Anal. Chem. Article UCRL-JRNL-206676) and MicroTAS Conference Proceedings article (UCRL-JC-153057) included in the report; (2) The ultra fast mixer for UV measurements (described by the poster presented at MicroTAS conference (UCRL-POST-207476) included in the report); and (3) The mixer for single molecule measurements (described by the Science article UCRL-JC-153057) included in the report. In these mixers, the channels are narrow, ranging from a few to hundreds of {micro}m, so that the flow is laminar and all of the mixing is achieved through diffusion. Our goal is to develop robust microfluidic mixer with at least 100 times lower consumption rate, shorter dead time and time resolution than commercially available mixers that would be compatible with most commonly used spectroscopic methods. We are also developing mixers that can be used in combination with single molecule spectroscopy. The mixers are used to study kinetics of fast protein folding reactions using bulk fluorescence and single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques. Capabilities for microfluidic have been developed at BSNL that will be useful for studies of interactions of DNA with proteins and other projects such as the single molecule detector for detection of low concentration of toxins.
Download or read book Practical Cell Analysis written by Dimitri Pappas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-02-02 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As analytical chemistry and biology move closer together, biologists are performing increasingly sophisticated analytical techniques on cells. Chemists are also turning to cells as a relevant and important sample to study newly developed methods. Practical Cell Analysis provides techniques, hints, and time-saving tips explaining what may be “common knowledge” to one field but are often hidden or unknown to another. Within this practical guide: The procedures and protocols for cell separation, handling cells on a microscope and for using cells in microfluidic devices are presented. Elements of cell culture are taken and combined with the practical advice necessary to maintain a cell lab and to handle cells properly during an analysis The main chapters deal with the fundamentals and applied aspects of each technique, with one complete chapter focusing on statistical considerations of analyzing cells Many diagram-based protocols for some of the more common cell processes are included Chapter summaries and extensive tables are included so that key information can be looked up easily in the lab setting Much like a good manual or cookbook this book is a useful, practical guide and a handy reference for all students, researchers and practitioners involved in cellular analysis.
Download or read book New Nuclear Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Apoptosis Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Intracellular Ca2 Homeostasis written by Gines Maria Salido and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-08 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apoptosis: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Intracellular Ca2+ Homeostasis, presents a concise synthesis of the current knowledge and recent advances in the mechanisms of apoptosis in different cells and the role of oxidative stress and Ca2+ signalling. Particular attention is given to the different features of apoptosis in distinct cell types, ranging from hepatocytes to cardiovascular and blood cells, nervous cells or spermatozoa. Cutting-edge and user-friendly, this volume serves as a comprehensive resource for those interested in the fascinating biological processes associated to programmed cell death or apoptosis. The book is divided in two major chapter sections: general mechanisms of the apoptotic pathways and the role of oxidative stress and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and a more specific section dedicated to the specificities of apoptosis in a number of excitable and non-excitable cells. All of the contributions are from specialists in the field and the reviews presented, systemically examine the most exciting and innovative aspects of the apoptotic pathways in their particular areas of expertise.
Download or read book Apoptosis Methods and Protocols written by Hugh J. M. Brady and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most fundamental question facing each and every cell within an org- ism is to survive or to die. Cell death is required for normal function; some estimates suggest that as many as one million cells undergo cell death every second in the adult human body. Almost all cells undergoing physiological, or programmed, cell death, independent of cell type, manifest a stereotypic p- tern of morphological changes termed apoptosis. Typically, apoptotic cells d- play shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation. The integrity of the cell membrane is not lost during apoptosis and so avoids eliciting the inflammatory response that would have been caused by the spillage of the cell’s contents. This is quite in contrast to the loss of cell contents typical of necrosis. The caspases, the family of intracellular cysteine proteases associated with apoptosis, are responsible for the stereotypical m- phological changes. Caspases cleave various substrate proteins that act on DNA fragmentation, nuclear envelope integrity, the cytoskeleton, and cell volume regulation. Apoptotic cells are cleared in vivo by the process of phagocytosis, in which specific “phagocytes” move to the site of apoptosis, engulf the dying cells and digest them. Apoptosis has a central role in many physiological processes, for example, in the immune system. Autoreactive cells are deleted via apoptosis to prevent autoimmunity. At the end of an immune response, activated lymphocytes are removed to maintain homeostasis within the immune system.
