Download or read book Development and Validation of Light duty Modal Emissions and Fuel Consumption Values for Traffic Models written by Brian H. West and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.

Download or read book Assessing the Emissions and Fuel Consumption Impacts of Intelligent Transportation Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Public Roads written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1999-07 with total page 1154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Gasoline Prices on Driving Behavior and Vehicle Markets written by David Austin and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2008 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gasoline prices and driving behavior. Volume of traffic ; Speed of traffic ; Applicability of findings to other regions of the United States -- Gasoline prices and vehicle markets. Market shares for cars and light trucks ; Gasoline prices and vehicle market status ; Changes in new vehicle fuel economy and pricing ; Changes in the used vehicle market -- Study data -- Analytical approach and economic results.

Download or read book A Machine Learning Methodology for Developing Microscopic Vehicular Fuel Consumption and Emission Models for Local Conditions Using Real world Measures written by Ehsan Moradi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Road transport is a major contributor to world energy consumption and emissions. The validity of models developed for environmental assessment of transport projects when used out of their origins is questionable as they are only validated for the prevailing conditions at their origin. This study starts by the validation of one of the most popular transportation environmental assessment models, MOVES, for use in non-U.S. regions such as Canada through performing on-road measurements. Distinct differences between the ground-truth and MOVES predictions are revealed. MOVES underestimates fuel and CO2 rates by 17% and 35%, respectively. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Particulate Matters (PM) predictions set overestimation records of up to +420%. Furthermore, MOVES output is biased for vehicle groups with specific attributes. The results of MOVES validation emphasized the need for using alternative local fuel and emission models. However, many of the existing vehicular fuel and emission modeling methodologies are criticized in aspects such as ignoring real-world training data, low diversity of test fleet, impracticality in real-world applications (such as instrument-independent eco-driving or use alongside with traffic microsimulation), and low prediction power in the non-linear multi-dimensional space of fuel consumption and emission generation. Hence, a machine learning modeling methodology relying on on-road data from a fleet of 35 vehicles is proposed. The accuracy of the proposed instrument-independent models is tried to be improved by introducing estimates of influential engine variables to the feature set through a cascaded modeling procedure. As a result, the R-squared metric reached 83%, while score improvements as high as 37% are achieved depending on the vehicle class and the machine learning technique used.Despite the considerable scores achieved by utilizing fully-connected neural networks architectures, use of techniques compatible with the serially-correlated nature of vehicular operation seems more promising in achieving higher accuracy and robustness. Moreover, generalizing the models developed for particular vehicles to more aggregate levels is a need for diversifying models’ use cases. To this end, a two-stage ensemble learning methodology based on vehicle-specific Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models is proposed.Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cell architecture resulted in the best lag-specific modeling scores (compared to the other RNN cell types). Vehicle-specific ensemble models developed by combining predictions from lag-specific RNN models showed score improvement records of up to 28% compared to the best component model (4% on average). In addition, the category-specific ensembles developed on top of metamodels achieved score improvements of up to 32% compared to the best component metamodel (6% on average). Linear regression dominantly resulted in the best score improvements for NOx and PM rates at both forecast combination stages, while random forests and gradient boosting methods dominantly worked the best for fuel and CO2 rates"--

Download or read book Efficient Transportation and Pavement Systems Characterization Mechanisms Simulation and Modeling written by Imad L. Al-Qadi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internationally, significant attention is given to transport sustainability including planning, design, construction, evaluation, safety and durability of the road system. The 4th International Gulf Conference on Roads: Efficient Transportation and Pavement Systems - Characterization, Mechanisms, Simulation, and Modeling, hosted by the University o

Download or read book Cost Effectiveness and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.

Download or read book Emission estimation based on traffic models and measurements written by Nikolaos Tsanakas and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic congestion increases travel times, but also results in higher energy usage and vehicular emissions. To evaluate the impact of traffic emissions on environment and human health, the accurate estimation of their rates and location is required. Traffic emission models can be used for estimating emissions, providing emission factors in grams per vehicle and kilometre. Emission factors are defined for specific traffic situations, and traffic data is necessary in order to determine these traffic situations along a traffic network. The required traffic data, which consists of average speed and flow, can be obtained either from traffic models or sensor measurements. In large urban areas, the collection of cross-sectional data from stationary sensors is a costefficient method of deriving traffic data for emission modelling. However, the traditional approaches of extrapolating this data in time and space may not accurately capture the variations of the traffic variables when congestion is high, affecting the emission estimation. Static transportation planning models, commonly used for the evaluation of infrastructure investments and policy changes, constitute an alternative efficient method of estimating the traffic data. Nevertheless, their static nature may result in an inaccurate estimation of dynamic traffic variables, such as the location of congestion, having a direct impact on emission estimation. Congestion is strongly correlated with increased emission rates, and since emissions have location specific effects, the location of congestion becomes a crucial aspect. Therefore, the derivation of traffic data for emission modelling usually relies on the simplified, traditional approaches. The aim of this thesis is to identify, quantify and finally reduce the potential errors that these traditional approaches introduce in an emission estimation analysis. According to our main findings, traditional approaches may be sufficient for analysing pollutants with global effects such as CO2, or for large-scale emission modelling applications such as emission inventories. However, for more temporally and spatially sensitive applications, such as dispersion and exposure modelling, a more detailed approach is needed. In case of cross-sectional measurements, we suggest and evaluate the use of a more detailed, but computationally more expensive, data extrapolation approach. Additionally, considering the inabilities of static models, we propose and evaluate the post-processing of their results, by applying quasi-dynamic network loading.

Download or read book Modeling Mobile Source Emissions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-14 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) model is a computer model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating emissions from on-road motor vehicles. MOBILE is used in air-quality planning and regulation for estimating emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and for predicting the effects of emissions-reduction programs. Because of its important role in air-quality management, the accuracy of MOBILE is critical. Possible consequences of inaccurately characterizing motor-vehicle emissions include the implementation of insufficient controls that endanger the environment and public health or the implementation of ineffective policies that impose excessive control costs. Billions of dollars per year in transportation funding are linked to air-quality attainment plans, which rely on estimates of mobile-source emissions. Transportation infrastructure decisions are also affected by emissions estimates from MOBILE. In response to a request from Congress, the National Research Council established the Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) Model in October 1998. The committee was charged to evaluate MOBILE and to develop recommendations for improving the model.

Download or read book Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicles Phase Two written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. On September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade.

Download or read book Validation of Traffic Simulation Model Output for Work Zone and Mobile Source Emissions Modeling and Integration with Human in the loop Driving Simulators written by Shauna L. Hallmark and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The next generation motor vehicle emission rate model used in the US, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Motor Vehicle Emmission Simulator (MOVES), requires second-by-second vehicle data in order to fully utilize model capabilities. However, field data collection of this type of data is resource intensive and frequently not realistic for local agencies. Some microsimulation models have the capability of outputting instantaneous speed and acceleration, which can be used in MOVES. With these capabilities, microsimulation offers a valuable tool to conduct analysis requiring a large number of data. ... Two case studies were used to assess the utility of the microsimulation model, Vissim, in developing output that can be used as input to MOVES. In one scenario, drivers were selected to drive an instrumented test vehicle along a test corridor. In another scenario, five drivers drove through a roundabout in the University of Iowa national Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). Models for each scenario were also developed in Vissim. Model output was compared to field collected speed/acceleration profile data to assess the accuracy of microsimulation models in providing realistic estimates of vehicle activity as input to MOVES. Results were summarized to demonstrate the applicability of linking microsimulated vehicle activity data with emissions models to better estimate the emission impacts of different transportation strategies" (page vii).

Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.

Download or read book Journal of the Air Waste Management Association written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrated Traffic Simulation Model Phase I Volume 4 Revisions to the UTCS 1 Traffic Simulation Model to Enhance Operational Efficiency Final Report written by Edward B. Lieberman and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book TravTek Evaluation Modeling Study written by Michel W. Van Aerde and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: