Download or read book Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers written by Bernhard Rieger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-29 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salen Metal Complexes as Catalysts for the Synthesis of Polycarbonates from Cyclic Ethers and Carbon Dioxide, by Donald J. Darensbourg.- Material Properties of Poly(Propylene Carbonates), by Gerrit. A. Luinstra and Endres Borchardt.- Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) from Carbon Monoxide, by Robert Reichardt and Bernhard Rieger. - Ecoflex® and Ecovio®: Biodegradable, Performance-Enabling Plastics, by K. O. Siegenthaler, A. Künkel, G. Skupin and M. Yamamoto.- Biodegradability of Poly(Vinyl Acetate) and Related Polymers, by Manfred Amann and Oliver Minge.- Recent Developments in Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones, by P. Lecomte and C. Jérôme.- Recent Developments in Metal-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactides and Glycolides: Preparation of Polylactides, Polyglycolide, and Poly(lactide-co-glycolide), by Saikat Dutta, Wen-Chou Hung, Bor-Hunn Huang and Chu-Chieh Lin.- Bionolle (Polybutylenesuccinate), by Yasushi Ichikawa, Tatsuya Mizukoshi.- Polyurethanes from Renewable Resources, by David A. Babb.-

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide and Organometallics written by Xiao-Bing Lu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-26 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Organometallic Chemistry presents critical overviews of research results in organometallic chemistry. As our understanding of organometallic structure, properties and mechanisms increases, new ways are opened for the design of organometallic compounds and reactions tailored to the needs of such diverse areas as organic synthesis, medical research, biology and materials science. Thus the scope of coverage includes a broad range of topics of pure and applied organometallic chemistry, where new breakthroughs are being achieved that are of significance to a larger scientific audience. The individual volumes of Topics in Organometallic Chemistry are thematic. Review articles are generally invited by the volume editors. All chapters from Topics in Organometallic Chemistry are published OnlineFirst with an individual DOI. In references, Topics in Organometallic Chemistry is abbreviated as Top Organomet Chem and cited as a journal

Download or read book Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion written by Tomas Ramirez Reina and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-19 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide that offers a review of the current technologies that tackle CO2 emissions The race to reduce CO2 emissions continues to be an urgent global challenge. "Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion" offers a thorough guide to the most current technologies designed to mitigate CO2 emissions ranging from CO2 capture to CO2 utilization approaches. With contributions from an international panel representing a wide range of expertise, this book contains a multidisciplinary toolkit that covers the myriad aspects of CO2 conversion strategies. Comprehensive in scope, it explores the chemical, physical, engineering and economical facets of CO2 conversion. "Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion" explores a broad range of topics including linking CFD and process simulations, membranes technologies for efficient CO2 capture-conversion, biogas sweetening technologies, plasma-assisted conversion of CO2, and much more. This important resource: * Addresses a pressing concern of global environmental damage, caused by the greenhouse gases emissions from fossil fuels * Contains a review of the most current developments on the various aspects of CO2 capture and utilization strategies * Incldues information on chemical, physical, engineering and economical facets of CO2 capture and utilization * Offers in-depth insight into materials design, processing characterization, and computer modeling with respect to CO2 capture and conversion Written for catalytic chemists, electrochemists, process engineers, chemical engineers, chemists in industry, photochemists, environmental chemists, theoretical chemists, environmental officers, "Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion" provides the most current and expert information on the many aspects and challenges of CO2 conversion.

Download or read book Photocatalytic Materials Surfaces for Environmental Cleanup III written by Rajesh J. Tayade and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special topic volume with invited peer reviewed papers only.

Download or read book Sulfur Containing Polymers written by Xing-Hong Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A must-have resource to the booming field of sulfur-containing polymers Sulfur-Containing Polymers is a state-of-the-art text that offers a synthesis of the various sulfur-containing polymers from low-cost sulfur resources such as elemental sulfur, carbon disulfide (CS2), carbonyl sulfide (COS) and mercaptan. With contributions from noted experts on the topic, the book presents an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms related to the synthesis of sulfur-containing polymers. The book also includes a review of the various types of sulfur-containing polymers, such as: poly(thioester)s, poly(thioether)s and poly(thiocarbonate)s and poly(thiourethane)s with linear or hyperbranched (dendrimer) architectures. The expert authors provide the fundamentals on the structure-property relationship and applications of sulfur-containing polymers. Designed to be beneficial for both research and application-oriented chemists and engineers, the book contains the most recent research and developments of sulfur-containing polymers. This important book: Offers the first comprehensive handbook on the topic Contains state-of-the-art research on synthesis of sulfur containing polymers from low-cost sulfur-containing compounds Examines the synthesis, mechanism, structure properties, and applications of various types of sulful-containing polymers Includes contributions from well-known experts Written for polymer chemists, materials scientists, chemists in industry, biochemists, and chemical engineers, Sulfur-Containing Polymers offers a groundbreaking text to the field with inforamtion on the most recent research.

Download or read book Energy written by Yaşar Demirel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-16 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding on the first edition, ‘Energy: Production, Conversion, Storage, Conservation, and Coupling (2nd Ed.)’ provides readers with a practical understanding of the major aspects of energy. It includes extended chapters with revised data and additional practice problems as well as a new chapter examining sustainability and sustainable energy technologies. Like the first edition, it also explores topics such as energy production, conservation of energy, energy storage and energy coupling. Written for students across a range of engineering and science disciplines, it provides a comprehensive study guide. It is particularly suitable for courses in energy technology, sustainable energy technologies and energy conversion & management, and offers an ideal reference text for students, engineers, energy researchers and industry professionals. * Presents a clear introduction to the basic properties, forms and sources of energy * Includes a range of supporting figures, tables and thermodynamic diagrams * Provides course instructors with a solution manual for practice problems

Download or read book Mechanistic Studies of the Copolymerization of Epoxides with Carbon Dioxide and Ring opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters written by Zhiping Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The development of new generation polymers is guided by Green Chemistry and sustainability. Biodegradable polymers derived from readily renewable resources, e.g., plants and carbon dioxide, are attractive as environmentally friendly alternatives to polymers derived from fossil fuels, and will play an increasing role in the market place. Polyoxygenates, such as polyesters and polycarbonates, are one important family of such polymers. In this work, the microstructure of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) has been studied by C-13 NMR spectroscopy. By analyzing polymer samples and model compounds, we observed tetrad and triad sensitivity for the carbonate and propylene carbon atoms, respectively. The reactions between (TPP)AlX, where TPP = tetraphenylporphyrin and X = Cl, O(CH2)9CH3 and O2C(CH2)6CH3, and propylene oxide, PO, have been studied and shown to give (TPP)AlOCHMeCH2X and (TPP)AlOCH2CHMeX compounds. The relative rates of ring opening of PO follow the order Cl> OR> O2CR, but in the presence of added 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) (1 equiv), the order is changed to O2CR> OR. From studies of kinetics, the ring opening of PO is shown to be first order in [Al]. Carbon dioxide inserts reversibly into the Al-OR bond to give the compound (TPP)AlO2COR, and this reaction is promoted by the addition of DMAP. On the basis of these results, the reaction pathway leading to ring opening of PO can be traced to an interchange associative mechanism, wherein coordination of PO to the electrophilic aluminum atom occurs within the vicinity of the Al-X bond. The gas-phase studies in an electrospray tandem mass spectrometer revealed that, for a series of related ions LM+, L = TPP or (R, R)- N, N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-salicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexenediamino) ((R, R)-salen), the Lewis acidity order follows M = Cr(III) %7E Al(III)> Co(III), and notable differences were observed when PO molecules coordinated to those metal centers. The preparations of LAlOCH2CH(S)MeCl, where L = (R, R) or (S, S)-salen, are reported together with the respective LAlOEt compounds, and their reactivities toward L- and rac-lactides in various solvents reveal the surprising complexity of the stereopreference for the ring-opening event.

Download or read book Handbook of Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysts written by Ray Hoff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-20 with total page 895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including recent advances and historically important catalysts, this book overviews methods for developing and applying polymerization catalysts – dealing with polymerization catalysts that afford commercially acceptable high yields of polymer with respect to catalyst mass or productivity. • Contains the valuable data needed to reproduce syntheses or use the catalyst for new applications • Offers a guide to the design and synthesis of catalysts, and their applications in synthesis of polymers • Includes the information essential for choosing the appropriate reactions to maximize yield of polymer synthesized • Presents new chapters on vanadium catalysts, Ziegler catalysts, laboratory homopolymerization, and copolymerization

Download or read book Catalytic Synthesis of Alkene Carbon Monoxide Copolymers and Cooligomers written by Ayusman Sen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 217 2. COPOLYMERIZATION OF PROPENE OR HIGHER I-ALKENES WITH 218 CARBON MONOXIDE 2. 1. Ligands and polymerization conditions 218 2. 2. Spiroketal formation 221 2. 3. Enantioselectivity 222 2. 4. Higher I-Alkenes 226 3. COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE OR ITS DERIVATIVES WITH 226 CARBON MONOXIDE 4. COPOLYMERIZATION OF OTHER OLEANS WITH CARBON MONOXIDE 230 5. ASYMMETRIC TERPOLYMERIZATION OF MORE THAN Two KINDS OF 232 OLEFINS WITH CARBON MONOXIDE 6. POLYKETONE CONFORMATION 233 7. CONCLUSION 234 Chapter 8. Chain Propagation Mechanisms 237 Ayusman Sen 1. INTRODUCTION 237 2. PALLADIUM (II) BASED SYSTEMS 238 3. NICKEL (II) BASED SYSTEMS 256 4. RHODIUM (I) BASED SYSTEMS 257 5. CONCLUSION 261 Chapter 9. Theoretical Studies on Copolymerization of Polar Monomers 265 Peter Margl, Artur Michalak, and Tom Ziegler 1. INTRODUCTION 265 2. COPOLYMERIZATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE WITH ETHYLENE 267 2. 1. Experimental and calculated rates for the insertion processes for 267 copolymerization catalysed by Pd(II) systems. 2. 2. A more detailed look at the productive and unproductive cycles 270 in copolymerization catalysed by Pd(II) complexes. 2. 2. 1. The productive cycle 270 2. 2. 2. C2H4 misinsertion into an ethylene terminated polyketone 275 chain 2. 3. Experimental and calculated rates for the insertion processes for 277 alternating copolymerization catalyzed by Ni(II) systems 3. COPOLYMERIZATION OF OLEFINS WITH POLAR MONOMERS OTHER 280 THAN CO 3. 1. Preferred binding mode of oxygen containing monomers 282 3. 2. Preferred binding mode of nitrogen containing monomers 285 3. 3.

Download or read book Molecular Catalysts for Energy Conversion written by Tatsuhiro Okada and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-10 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade the topic of energy and environment has been ackno- edged among many people as a critical issue to be solved in 21st century since the Kyoto Protocol came into e?ect in 1997. Its political recognition was put forward especially at Heiligendamm in 2007, when the e?ect of carbon dioxide emission and its hazard in global climate were discussed and shared univ- sallyascommonknowledge.Controllingtheglobalwarmingintheeconomical framework of massive development worldwide through this new century is a very challenging problem not only among political, economical, or social c- cles but also among technological or scienti?c communities. As long as the humans depend on the combustion of fossil for energy resources, the waste heat exhaustion and CO emission are inevitable. 2 In order to establish a new era of energy saving and environment benign society, which is supported by technologies and with social consensus, it is important to seek for a framework where new clean energy system is inc- porated as infrastructure for industry and human activities. Such a society strongly needs innovative technologies of least CO emission and e?cient en- 2 ergy conversion and utilization from remaining fossil energies on the Earth. Energy recycling system utilizing natural renewable energies and their c- version to hydrogen may be the most desirable option of future clean energy society. Thus the society should strive to change its energy basis, from foss- consuming energy to clean and recycling energy.

Download or read book Developments in Block Copolymer Science and Technology written by Ian W. Hamley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-07-16 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on recent advances in research on block copolymers, covering chemistry (synthesis), physics (phase behaviors, rheology, modeling), and applications (melts and solutions). Written by a team of internationally respected scientists from industry and academia, this text compiles and reviews the expanse of research that has taken place over the last five years into one accessible resource. Ian Hamley is the world-leading scientist in the field of block copolymer research Presents the recent advances in the area, covering chemistry, physics and applications. Provides a broad coverage from synthesis to fundamental physics through to applications Examines the potential of block copolymers in nanotechnology as self-assembling soft materials

Download or read book Metal Complex Catalysts Supercritical Fluid Polymerization Supramolecular Architecture written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-09-05 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mechanistic Studies on Transition Metal Catalyzed C H Activation Reactions Using Combined Mass Spectrometry and Theoretical Methods written by Gui-Juan Cheng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-07 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents detailed mechanistic studies on a series of important C-H activation reactions using combined computational methods and mass spectrometry experiments. It also provides guidance on the design and improvement of catalysts and ligands. The reactions investigated include: (i) a nitrile-containing template-assisted meta-selective C-H activation, (ii) Pd/mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA) catalyzed meta-selective C-H activation, (iii) Pd/MPAA catalyzed asymmetric C-H activation reactions, and (iv) Cu-catalyzed sp3 C-H cross-dehydrogenative-coupling reaction. The book reports on a novel dimeric Pd-M (M = Pd or Ag) model for reaction (i), which successfully explains the meta-selectivity observed experimentally. For reaction (ii), with a combined DFT/MS method, the author successfully reveals the roles of MPAA ligands and a new C-H activation mechanism, which accounts for the improved reactivity and high meta-selectivity and opens new avenues for ligand design. She subsequently applies ion-mobility mass spectrometry to capture and separate the [Pd(MPAA)(substrate)] complex at different stages for the first time, providing support for the internal-base model for reaction (iii). Employing DFT studies, she then establishes a chirality relay model that can be widely applied to MPAA-assisted asymmetric C-H activation reactions. Lastly, for reaction (iv) the author conducts detailed computational studies on several plausible pathways for Cu/O2 and Cu/TBHP systems and finds a reliable method for calculating the single electron transfer (SET) process on the basis of benchmark studies.

Download or read book Catalysis in Polymer Synthesis written by Edwin James Vandenberg and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the role of catalysis in applied polymer developments, focusing on metal catalysis of olefins, epoxides, oxetanes, cyclic phosphazenes, and cyclic silanes. Provides discussion of metal catalyzed coordination polymerization of olefins and diolefins and ring opening coordination polymerization of epoxides and oxetanes. Covers recent developments on anionic and cationic polymerization. Places particular emphasis on early and recent developments on propylene polymerization as related to isotactic and syndiotactic propylene. Provides a review of the work of E.J. Vandenberg, recipient of the 1991 ACS Award in Applied Polymer Science, in olefin, epoxide, and oxetane polymerization

Download or read book A Study on Catalytic Conversion of Non Food Biomass into Chemicals written by Mizuho Yabushita and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-13 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of this thesis is catalytic conversion of non-food, abundant, and renewable biomass such as cellulose and chitin to chemicals. In biorefinery, chemical transformation of polymers to valuable compounds has attracted worldwide interest for building sustainable societies. First, the current situation of this hot research area has been summarized well in the general introduction of the thesis, which helps readers to become familiar with this topic. Next, the author explains high-yielding production of glucose from cellulose by using an alkali-activated carbon as a catalyst, resulting in a yield of glucose as high as 88%, which is one of the highest yields ever reported. The characterization of carbon materials has indicated that weak acid sites on the catalyst promote the reaction, which is markedly different from reported catalytic systems that require strong acids. In addition, the first catalytic transformation of chitin with retention of N-acetyl groups has been developed. The combination of mechanocatalytic hydrolysis and thermal solvolysis enables the production of N-acetylated monomers in good yields of up to 70%. The catalytic systems demonstrated in this thesis are unique in the fields of both chemistry and chemical engineering, and their high efficiencies can contribute to green and sustainable chemistry in the future. Meanwhile, mechanistic studies based on characterization, thermodynamics, kinetics, and model reactions have also been performed to reveal the roles of catalysts during the reactions. The results will be helpful for readers to design and develop new catalysts and reaction systems.

Download or read book Mechanisms in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Epoxidation Catalysis written by S. Ted Oyama and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The catalytic epoxidation of olefins plays an important role in the industrial production of several commodity compounds, as well as in the synthesis of many intermediates, fine chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The scale of production ranges from millions of tons per year to a few grams per year. The diversity of catalysts is large and encompasses all the known categories of catalyst type: homogeneous, heterogeneous, and biological. This book summarizes the current status in these fields concentrating on rates, kinetics, and reaction mechanisms, but also covers broad topics including modeling, computational simulation, process concepts, spectroscopy and new catalyst development. The similarities and distinctions between the different reaction systems are compared, and the latest advances are described. - Comprehensive listing of epoxide products - Broad comparison of turnover frequencies of homogeneous, hetergeneous, main-group, biomimetic and biological catalysts - Analysis of the general strengths and weaknesses of varied catalytic systems - Detailed description of the mechanisms of reaction for classical and emerging catalysts

Download or read book Molecular Catalysts for Energy Conversion written by Tatsuhiro Okada and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-08-29 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade the topic of energy and environment has been ackno- edged among many people as a critical issue to be solved in 21st century since the Kyoto Protocol came into e?ect in 1997. Its political recognition was put forward especially at Heiligendamm in 2007, when the e?ect of carbon dioxide emission and its hazard in global climate were discussed and shared univ- sallyascommonknowledge.Controllingtheglobalwarmingintheeconomical framework of massive development worldwide through this new century is a very challenging problem not only among political, economical, or social c- cles but also among technological or scienti?c communities. As long as the humans depend on the combustion of fossil for energy resources, the waste heat exhaustion and CO emission are inevitable. 2 In order to establish a new era of energy saving and environment benign society, which is supported by technologies and with social consensus, it is important to seek for a framework where new clean energy system is inc- porated as infrastructure for industry and human activities. Such a society strongly needs innovative technologies of least CO emission and e?cient en- 2 ergy conversion and utilization from remaining fossil energies on the Earth. Energy recycling system utilizing natural renewable energies and their c- version to hydrogen may be the most desirable option of future clean energy society. Thus the society should strive to change its energy basis, from foss- consuming energy to clean and recycling energy.