Download or read book Development and Field Testing of a Precision Agriculture Variable rate Broadcast Sprayer for Use in University and Extension Education Programs written by Aaron Ray Dickinson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Master s Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".

Download or read book Development of a Flow and Pressure Control System for Spray Applications in Precision Agriculture written by Xinyu Xiang and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nozzle Flow Dynamics During Control System Response of Pulse Width Modulated PWM Technology equipped Agricultural Sprayer written by Jonathan Viernes Fabula and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop producers utilize agricultural sprayers equipped with modern technologies such as pulse width modulation (PWM) system that can manage flow at nozzle-by-nozzle, thus have the potential to provide greater resolution for section control and reducing the environmental contamination. The introduction of precision technologies such as the PWM system has obvious benefits to the producers; however, a greater understanding of system functionality and operational accuracy is required for adoption and implementation. One of the greatest challenges is to manage nozzle level target application rate for large self-propelled systems during active section control and ground speed transitions. Therefore, this study was conducted to quantify the PWM system's performance under real-world operating conditions, with a goal to develop knowledge for producers to accurately implement this technology and suggest technology improvements for manufacturer's. A methodology was established to conduct system-level evaluation of the PWM system both in laboratory and field settings. In the laboratory setting, the pressure and flow dynamics of three commercially available PWM systems (Capstan PinPoint, John Deere ExactApply, and Raven Hawkeye) were evaluated. On the other hand, field tests were conducted using a New Holland SPF370F and Case Patriot 4440 agricultural sprayer to evaluate the PWM system's performance in varying field conditions. Both sprayers were equipped with a Raven Hawkeye PWM system and had a 36.6 m boom width. Novel analytical techniques were developed to generate a high spatial control-section level mapping of system performance parameters to quantify advantages and instances of application rate errors. Laboratory test results show that different PWM systems provided different pressure drops when applying different application rates and pressures. The pressure drop was unique for different PWM systems, and it significantly increased with the increase in the application rate for three systems. The pressure drop could vary the nozzle flow rate, which may significantly impact the application rate, thereby reducing the product efficacy. A pressure drop greater than 70.0 kPa from the target application pressure could cause the flow rate to vary beyond ±10.0% error. The three PWM systems also had an ON/OFF latency before attaining the target application pressure and inherent fall time before the system stops spraying after the solenoid valves close. These latencies could increase the error, particularly when using a system that operates at a higher frequency. Moreover, the PWM systems operated at stable pressures for less than the specified duty cycle time may have resulted in the inaccurate nozzle flow rate observed during the study. The tests were conducted with a specific nozzle, however, it is very much possible that different nozzles might also exhibit different magnitudes of pressure drop. In the field tests, the PWM system maintained the target application pressure within the acceptable range for 77.0% to 89.0% of the time, indicating its ability to provide the application rate within the ±10.0% error. The pressure CV was below 5.0% for most of the time, signifying a consistent pressure between boom sections during operation. These results were significantly improved from using a flow-based system when applying the product at similar settings wherein it only operates for 32.0% of the time within the ±10.0% error. The droplet size spectra deviation when using a PWM system could occur mainly due to the improper nozzle selection. The system may deliver consistent droplet size spectra if the selected nozzle provides the desired droplet size within the wide range of application pressure thus, providing uniform product application. The systems' ability to manage pressure and thus provide uniform droplet spectra is particularly important for nozzle flow rate management and managing drift potential. Moreover, the duty cycle accuracy within ±5.0% was lower in fields with irregular shapes and varying terrain (12.0%) than in a rectangular field with relatively flat terrain (54.0%). Accurate duty cycle implementation is the key to achieving an accurate application rate; therefore newer approach as implemented during these tests might be executed to quantify control system response enhancements. The application rate accuracy within ±5.0% error was also lower in irregular-shaped fields (10.0% of the time) than the rectangular fields (46.0% of the time). Furthermore, the PWM system varied the duty cycles on the inner and outer boom section based on each control section's ground speed at various turning radii. The turn compensation functionality significantly reduced the application errors on curvilinear passes, thus effectively controlling pests and minimizing pesticide resistance and environmental damage. In conclusion, crop producers will continue to adopt new liquid application technologies such as the PWM system to improve product application efficiency. However, operators should understand the system component and control system responses to achieve desired performance in the varying field and operating conditions to reduce the application errors. Future research and development on nozzle pressure monitoring, flow dynamic optimization during the application cycle, and new sensor integration for accurate duty cycle implementation might be considered to refine real-time nozzle flow management to truly realize the concept of precision agriculture to reduce application error, pesticide resistance, and environmental pollution.

Download or read book Review of Variable Rate Sprayer Applications Based on Real Time Sensor Technologies written by Zhihong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precision variable rate spray is one of the research hotspots in the field of modern agriculture spraying applications. Variable rate spraying of the canopy allows growers to apply adjusted volume rate of pesticides to the target, based on canopy size, and to apply plant protection products in an economical and environmentally sound manner. In the field of pesticide application, knowledge of the geometrical characteristics of plantations will guarantee a better adjustment of the dosage of the agrochemicals applied. This technology is integrated with intelligent real-time sensors, which have a high potential for agricultural precision spray applications. This book chapter presents the foundations and applications in agriculture of the primary systems used for real-time spray target detection of the geometrical characterization of tree plantations. Systems based on infrared, ultrasonic, light detection and ranging (LIDAR), and stereo vision sensors were discussed, respectively, on their performances to detect spray targets. Among them, laser scanners and stereo vision systems are probably the most promising and complementary techniques for achieving three-dimensional (3D) pictures and maps of plants and canopies. The advantages of data fusion applied in real-time target detection and its accuracy in density estimation of the plants were stressed.

Download or read book The Precision Sprayer written by Orrie K. Baysinger and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Design Construction and Testing of a Variable Rate Direct Nozzle Injection Field Sprayer written by Andrew D. Rockwell and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advancements of Spraying Technology in Agriculture written by Fiaz Ahmad and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant protection activities are most important practices during crop production. Application of maximum pesticide products with the sprayer. The application of fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides is one of the most recurrent and significant tasks in agriculture. Conventional agricultural spraying techniques have made the inconsistency between economic growth and environmental protection in agricultural production. Spraying techniques continuously developed in recent decades. For pesticide application, it is not the only sprayer that is essential, but all the parameters like the type and area of the plant canopy, area of a plant leaf, height of the crop, and volume of plants related to plant protection product applications are very important for obtaining better results. From this point of view, the advancement in agriculture sprayer has been started in last few decades. Robotics and automatic spraying technologies like variable rate sprayers, UAV sprayers, and electrostatic sprayers are growing to Increase the utilization rate of pesticides, reduce pesticide residues, real-time, cost-saving, high compatibility of plant protection products application. These technologies are under the ,Äúumbrella,Äù of precision agriculture. The mechanized spraying system, usually implemented by highly precise equipment or mobile robots, which, makes possible the selective targeting of pesticide application on desire time and place. These advanced spraying technologies not only reduces the labour cost but also effective in environmental protection. Researchers are conducting experimental studies on the design, development and testing of precision spraying technologies for crops and orchards.

Download or read book Development and Evaluation of a Prototype Variable Rate Sprayer for Spot application of Agrochemicsls in Wild Blueberry Fields written by Travis Esau and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: An automated prototype variable rate (VR) sprayer was developed for control of eight individual nozzles on a 6.1 m sprayer boom for spot-application (SA) of agrochemicals in wild blueberry fields. The VR control system consisted of eight ultrasonic sensors and four cameras mounted on a separate boom in front of the ATV, flow controller, VR controller, ruggedized computer, flow valve and solenoid valves. Custom software was capable of processing the images to detect weeds or plants in real-time and automatically send a signal to the VR controller for SA at the correct target. The performance of VR sprayer for SA on weeds (herbicide) and foliage (fungicide) was evaluated in commercial wild blueberry fields. Based on the results of this study, the VR sprayer was reliable, efficient and accurate enough for SA of agrochemicals. The average volume of chemical saved with SA was 70 % herbicide and 30 % fungicide.

Download or read book Development of a Laser guided Variable rate Sprayer with Improved Canopy Estimations for Greenhouse Spray Applications written by Uchit Nair and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional greenhouse spray technologies are wasteful, with large off-target losses. These chemicals when used in such excessive quantities can be harmful to the environment and create a hazardous work environment for greenhouse workers. The efficiency of the spray system can be improved by using an intelligent variable-rate sprayer. It was able to achieve a reduction in spray volumes by about 45% even with a limited accuracy in its characterization of plant canopies (Yan et al., 2018). The efficiency of the variable-rate system can be improved further by improving its characterization of plant canopies. This was achieved by processing the data obtained from the laser sensor. The processing algorithm (CHBC) developed was a combination of a registration algorithm, clustering algorithm and mirroring. The registration algorithm was used to improve resolution. The clustering algorithm segmented individual plant canopies from the laser data to enable further processing of each canopy separately. Mirroring was used to predict the occluded portions of the plant canopies. CHBC was shown to reduce root mean square error (RMSE) in the canopy width measurements by 46%. It achieved an overall mean RMSE of 25 mm compared to 47 mm recorded by Yan et al. (2018). The sensor height was indirectly proportional to the RMSE recorded by CHBC up to a certain height, after which the RMSE stayed the same. The 'optimal' sensor height for the best performance was calculated based on the limitations of CHBC. The CHBC algorithm was integrated into an existing real-time/inline system developed by Yan et al. (2019) with modifications. The inline operation was converted to an offline operation. A new GUI was designed, and the modifications made to the system were tested in a lab environment to ensure proper function. A convex hull algorithm was also introduced to measure volumes and consequent spray rates for the offline system. The convex hull method was more accurate in measuring volumes, achieving a mean accuracy of 81% compared to 66% when using the Yan et al. (2019) methodology. This improved volume estimation accuracy also resulted in spray savings of 15%. The performance of the offline system was tested in a greenhouse environment by measuring the spray coverage achieved over plant canopies. The offline system managed to significantly reduce spray coverage at the edges of the plant while still maintaining recommended deposition. The coverage at the tops and bottoms of plant canopies with tight row spacing was similar for all systems. The offline system significantly reduced coverage below recommended values at the bottom of canopies with large row spacing. The spray density for these canopies was still sufficient for disease prevention using insecticides and herbicides but not for fungicides. The offline system achieved spray savings of 87% compared to the conventional spray system while also improving the efficiency of the Yan et al. (2019) system by 53%.

Download or read book The Political Economy of the 2014 2020 Common Agricultural Policy written by Johan F. M. Swinnen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to document the reform of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and to analyse the political and economic factors which determined the outcome of the negotiations. The policy (non-)reform will affect the world's global food security and agricultural ...

Download or read book Precision Agriculture Technology and Economic Perspectives written by Søren Marcus Pedersen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents cases from different countries with a main focus on the perspectives of using precision farming in Europe. Divided into 12 chapters it addresses some of the most recent developments and aspects of precision farming. The intention of this book is to provide an overview of some of the most promising technologies with precision agriculture from an economic point of view. Each chapter has been put together so that it can be read individually should the reader wish to focus on one particular topic. Precision Farming as a farm technology benefits from large-scale advantages due to relatively high investment costs and is primarily adopted on farms with medium to large field areas.

Download or read book Coping with Water Scarcity written by Luis Santos Pereira and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-22 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main problems confronting the world of the 21st Century is a shortage of water. There is already severe scarcity in many regions of the world, causing tremendous problems for local populations and indeed entire societies. There is insufficient water available for the production of food to alleviate poverty and starvation; the lack of water hampers industrial, urban and tourism development, forcing restrictions on other sectors, especially agriculture; health problems arise as the deterioration of ground and surface waters favours water-borne diseases, which flourish in the absence of decent water distribution and sewerage systems. Water conflicts still arise in areas under stress, while water for nature has become a vanishing priority in such zones. This book is a guide to the establishment of regional and/or local guidelines for developing and implementing new ideas for coping with water scarcity. The basic premise underlying the book is that water scarcity will persist, so personal, human and society-wide skills will be needed to cope with it while living in harmony with the necessary environmental constraints. The book provides basic information to assist decision makers, water managers, engineers, agronomists, social scientists and other professions (and their students) in formulating coherent, hopefully harmonious and consolidated views on the issue. Guidelines are also given for introducing the general public to the concept of water scarcity and how to deal with it.

Download or read book No till Farming Is a Growing Practice written by John Horowitz and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-06 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most U.S. farmers prepare their soil for seeding and weed and pest control through tillage -- plowing operations that disturb the soil. Tillage practices affect soil carbon, water pollution, and farmers' energy and pesticide use, and therefore data on tillage can be valuable for understanding the practice's role in reaching climate and other environmental goals. In order to help policymakers and other interested parties better understand U.S. tillage practices and, especially, those practices' potential contribution to climate-change efforts, this report showed that approximately 35.5% of U.S. cropland planted to eight major crops, or 88 million acres, had no tillage operations in 2009. Charts and graphs. This is a print on demand report.

Download or read book Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems written by Paul D. Berger and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1993 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented at the 13th Symposium on [title], held in Miami, Florida in November 1992. The subjects involve a wide range of disciplines of interest to formulators, basic pesticide manufacturers, applicators, and suppliers to the agrochemical industry. The volume is a compilation of the latest d

Download or read book Agricultural Research Management written by G. Loebenstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-04 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quite simply, this is required reading for anyone involved in managing agricultural research. With a wealth of practical solutions and advice, it offers a how-to guide for managers as well as highlighting the differences in the way that different nations approach this key area of research – one of the most widespread forms of inquiry in the world. The lessons that can be learned from this brilliant study apply in equal measure to developed and developing nations.

Download or read book Protected agriculture precision agriculture and vertical farming Brief reviews of issues in the literature focusing on the developing region in Asia written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The frontiers of technologies have been constantly expanded in many industries around the world, including the agricultural sector. Among many “frontier technologies” in agriculture, are protected agriculture, precision agriculture, and vertical farming, all of which depart substantially from many conventional agricultural production methods. It is not yet clear how these technologies can become adoptable in developing countries, including, for example, South Asian countries like India. This paper briefly reviews the issues associated withthese three types of frontier technologies. We do so by systematically checkingthe academic articleslisted in Google Scholar, which primarily focus on these technologies in developing countries in Asia. Where appropriate, a few widely-cited overview articles for each technology were also reviewed. The findings generally reveal where performances of these technologiescan be raised potentially, based on the general trends in the literature. Where evidence is rich, some generalizable economic insights about these technologies are provided. For protected agriculture, recent research has focusedsignificantly on various features of protective structures (tunnel heights, covering materials, shading structures, frames and sizes) indicating that there are potentials for adaptive research on such structures to raise the productivity of protected agriculture. The research on protected agriculture also focuses on types of climate parameters controlled, andenergy structures, among others. For precision agriculture, recent research has focused on the spatial variability of production environments, development of efficient and suitable data management systems, efficiency of various types of image analyses and optical sensing, efficiency of sensors and related technologies, designs of precision agriculture equipment, optimal inputs and service uses, and their spatial allocations, potentials of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and nano-technologies. For vertical farming, research has often highlighted the variations in technologies based on out-door / indoor systems, ways to improve plants’ access to light (natural or artificial), growing medium and nutrient / water supply, advanced features like electricity generation and integration of production space into an office / residential space, and water treatment. For India, issues listed above may be some of the key areas that the country can draw on from other more advanced countries in Asia, or can focus in its adaptive research to improve the relevance and applicability of these technologies to the country.