Download or read book Development and Characterization of Whey Protein based Environmentally Safe Wood Adhesives written by Wenbo Wang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of ammonia/sulfite mole ratio, amount of the formaldehyde scavenger combination and PFO levels on bonding performances and formaldehyde emission were evaluated. Plywood evaluations indicated that the most preferable whey protein-based adhesive modified by 30% PFO with ammonia/sulfite mole ratio of 4:3 and 19% stoichiometric excesses of the combination had a dry bond strength of 1.98 MPa, a wet-state strength of 1.73 MPa comparable to those of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins and very low formaldehyde emission (0.0067 mg/L) which was much lower than that of PF resins. Findings from this study demonstrated that whey protein-based adhesives may be considered as an environmentally safe alternative to petroleum-based wood adhesives on the market with proper formulations according to the requirements of target wood composite products.
Download or read book Bio based Wood Adhesives written by Zhongqi He and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-05-25 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adhesive bonding plays an increasing role in the forest product industry and is a key factor for efficiently utilizing timber and other lignocellulosic resources. As synthetic wood adhesives are mostly derived from depleting petrochemical resources and have caused increasing environmental concern, natural product and byproduct-derived adhesives have attracted much attention in the last decades. Although adhesives made from plant and animal sources have been in existence since ancient times, increased knowledge of their chemistry and improved technical formulation of their preparation are still needed to promote their broader industrial applications. The primary goals of this book are to (1) synthesize the fundamental knowledge and latest research on bio-based adhesives from a remarkable range of natural products and byproducts, (2) identify need areas and provide directions of future bio-based adhesive research, and (3) help integrating research findings in practical adhesive application for maximal benefits. This book covers information on a variety of natural products and byproducts and the latest research on formulation, testing and improvement of the relevant adhesives in fifteen chapters written by an international group of accomplished contributors. This book will serve as a valuable reference source for university faculty, graduate students, research scientists, agricultural and wood engineers, international organization advocators and government agency regulators who work and deal with enhanced utilization of agricultural and forest products and byproducts.
Download or read book Bio based Wood Adhesives written by Zhongqi He and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-05-25 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adhesive bonding plays an increasing role in the forest product industry and is a key factor for efficiently utilizing timber and other lignocellulosic resources. As synthetic wood adhesives are mostly derived from depleting petrochemical resources and have caused increasing environmental concern, natural product and byproduct-derived adhesives have attracted much attention in the last decades. Although adhesives made from plant and animal sources have been in existence since ancient times, increased knowledge of their chemistry and improved technical formulation of their preparation are still needed to promote their broader industrial applications. The primary goals of this book are to (1) synthesize the fundamental knowledge and latest research on bio-based adhesives from a remarkable range of natural products and byproducts, (2) identify need areas and provide directions of future bio-based adhesive research, and (3) help integrating research findings in practical adhesive application for maximal benefits. This book covers information on a variety of natural products and byproducts and the latest research on formulation, testing and improvement of the relevant adhesives in fifteen chapters written by an international group of accomplished contributors. This book will serve as a valuable reference source for university faculty, graduate students, research scientists, agricultural and wood engineers, international organization advocators and government agency regulators who work and deal with enhanced utilization of agricultural and forest products and byproducts.
Download or read book Formaldehyde free Wood Adhesives from Soybean Protein and Lignin written by Yuan Liu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presently, the production of wood composites relies on the formaldehyde-based wood adhesives such as phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and urea-formaldehyde (UF). However, their dependence on exhaustible fossil fuels and the emission of carcinogenic formaldehyde prompt to develop an environmentally friendly adhesive from renewable natural resources. This work focuses on development and characterization of forma1dehydefree wood adhesives from renewable soybean protein and lignin. Soybean protein is an abundant, inexpensive, and readily available natural product. Soybean protein-based adhesives were widely used as wood adhesives in 1930s-1960s and are completely replaced by synthetic formaldehyde-based adhesives today because wood composites bonded with soybean protein-based adhesives have relatively lower strength and lower water resistance than those bonded with formaldehyde-based adhesives. Marine adhesive protein from mussels is a strong and water-resistant adhesive. However, the production of marine adhesive protein is difficult and costly. The marine adhesive protein contains three key functional groups: a catechol moiety, a primary amino group, and a mercapto group. In this research, soybean protein was modified using marine adhesive protein as a model. We found that imparting soybean protein with one of the three key functional groups found in the marine adhesive protein converted soybean protein into a strong and water-resistant wood adhesive. Another formaldehyde-free new wood adhesive was also developed through modification of soybean protein with maleic anhydride followed by mixing with polyethylenimine (PEI). Wood composites bonded with this new adhesive were very strong and very water-resistant. The reaction mechanisms in the modification of soybean protein with maleic anhydride and the curing mechanisms of the adhesive were investigated in detail. Demethylated kraft lignin (DKL) has a high amount of the same key functional group, catechol moiety, as the marine adhesive protein. We found that a combination of DKL and PEI (a polyamine with abundant primary amino groups) was a strong and water-resistant wood adhesive. It was found that the curing mechanism of the DKL-PEI adhesive is similar to that of marine adhesive protein. The effects of DKL/PEI weight ratio, hot-press conditions and the molecular weight of PEI on adhesive performance were also investigated in detail.
Download or read book Eco Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of eco-friendly resins and their composite materials covering their synthesis, sources, structures and properties for different industrial applications to support the ongoing research and development in eco-friendly and renewable commercial products. It provides comparative discussions on the properties of eco-friendly resins with other polymer composites. It is a useful reference on bio-based eco-friendly polymer resins, wood-based composites, natural fibers and biomass materials for the polymer scientists, engineers and material scientists.
Download or read book Functional and Microstructural Characteristics of Edible Films and Environmentally Safe Wood Coatings Containing Whey Proteins written by Nareen Cassandra Wright and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soy Protein Based Blends Composites and Nanocomposites written by Visakh P. M. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-08-15 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book will enable engineers and natural-based polymer scientists to achieve multi-functionality in products using soy protein and various nano- and micro-sized biobased materials and reinforcements. Many of the recent research accomplishments in the area of soy-based blends, composites and bionanocomposites are presented in this book. In addition to introducing soy protein and its structure and relationship properties, the book covers many other relevant topics such as the state-of-the-art, new challenges, advances and opportunities in the field such as: biomedical applications of soy protein; electrospinning of soy protein nanofibers, their synthesis and applications; soy protein-based materials rheology; soy proteins as a potential source of active peptides of nutraceutical significance; soy protein isolate-based films; and use of soy protein-based carriers for encapsu??lating bioactive ingredients.
Download or read book Protein Based Films and Coatings written by Aristippos Gennadios and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-02-07 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the most up-to-date and detailed information available on protein-based biopolymer films and coatings. It provides a comprehensive overview of the design, technology, properties, functionality, and applications of biopolymer films and coatings (edible and inedible) from plant and animal proteins. Both widely commercialized and
Download or read book The Design Synthesis and Characterization of Environmentally Friendly Wood Adhesives written by Richard Conrad Cook and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Bioproducts written by Guanqun Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the major challenges facing society today, seeking renewable alternatives to petroleum-based fuels and manufactured goods is critically important to reducing society’s dependency on petroleum and tackling environmental issues associated with petroleum use. In recent years there has been considerable research targeted toward the development of plant-derived bioproducts to replace petrochemical feedstocks for both fuel and manufacturing. Plants not only provide a large amount of renewable biomass, but their biochemical diversity also offers many chemical and molecular tools for the production of new products through biotechnology. Plant Bioproducts is an introduction to the production and application of plant bioproducts, including biofuels, bioplastics, and biochemicals for the manufacturing sector. Contributing authors examine various bioproducts with respect to their basic chemistry, relationship to current petrochemical-based products, and strategies for their production in plants. Chapters cover the integrated roles of agronomy, plant breeding, biotechnology, and biorefining in the context of bioproduct development. Environmental, economic, ethical, and social issues surrounding bioproducts, including the use of genetically modified crops, challenges to food security, and consumer acceptance, are also covered.
Download or read book Development and Characterization of New Formaldehyde free Soy Flour based Adhesives for Making Interior Plywood written by Jian Huang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formaldehyde-based adhesives such as urea-formaldehyde (UF) and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives dominate the current wood adhesive market. However, these adhesives are derived from petrochemicals and carcinogenic formaldehyde. In this study, we developed two formaldehyde-free adhesives based on abundant, renewable, and inexpensive soy flour (SF). The first adhesive was mainly composed of SF, polyethylenimine (PEI), and maleic anhydride (MA). The optimum formulation of this adhesive and the optimum hot-press conditions for making plywood were investigated. A three-cycle soak test and a boiling water test (BWT) were employed to evaluate the strength and water-resistance of plywood bonded with the soy flour-based adhesive. Results showed that SF, PEI, MA and NaOH were all essential components for the adhesive and the SF/PEI/MA weight ratio of 7/1.0/0.32 resulted in the highest water-resistance. When the hot-press temperature was in the range of 140-170 ° C, both the water-resistance and the shear strengths of plywood bonded with the adhesive remained statistically the same, except that the dry shear strength of plywood at 170°C was statistically lower than that at 160 o.C. When the hot-press time ranged from 2 to 6 min at 160°C, the plywood panels made at the hot-press time of 5 min led to the highest boiling water test/wet (BWT/w) shear strength among all samples, and the plywood panel made at the hot-press time of 5 min had a higher dry shear strength than that at 3 min. Plywood panels bonded with this SF/PEI/MA adhesive exceeded the water-resistance requirements for interior applications. The second adhesive consisted of SF, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMTE) and a catalyst. The following catalysts were investigated: calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, triethylamine, tetra-n-octylammonium bromide, phosphoric acid and ammonium sulfate. The effects of these catalysts on the water-resistance of plywood bonded with the SF-TMTE adhesive under different hot-press conditions were investigated. It was found that all catalysts improved the water-resistance of the resulting plywood to some extent. Among all catalysts investigated, calcium hydroxide and triethylamine were better than other catalysts in terms of improving the water-resistance of the resulting plywood panels. These preliminary results also revealed that increasing hot-press temperature and increasing hot-press time enhanced the water-resistance. The water-resistance of plywood panels bonded with these SF-TMTE adhesives still could not meet water-resistance requirements for interior applications.
Download or read book Casein written by Mamdouh El-Bakry and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-24 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Casein: Structural Properties, Uses, Health Benefits and Nutraceutical Applications investigates casein properties, uses, and applications in food and non-food products, in addition to exploring its health benefits and uses in manufacturing, such as in cheese products, along with an in-depth discussion on the future scope, challenges, and market trends of this protein. Casein: Structural Properties, Uses, Health Benefits and Nutraceutical Applications is an excellent reference for food scientists, dairy researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, students and researchers studying related fields. Provides comprehensive coverage of casein, the main milk protein that has many applications and uses Includes suggested reading for further information Addresses a wide-range of related topics, including non-food applications of casein
Download or read book Polymer layered Silicate Nanocomposites written by Masami Okamoto and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The review sets out to highlight the major developments in this field over the last decade. The different techniques used to prepare PLS nanocomposites are covered. The physicochemical characterisation of PLS nanocomposites and the improved materials properties that those materials can display are discussed. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database provides useful references for further reading.
Download or read book Whey and Lactose Processing written by J. G. Zadow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It would be difficult to imagine a more appropriate means of marking the Jubilee of the Dairy Research Laboratory, Division of Food Processing, CSIRO, than a publication on whey and lactose processing. The genesis of the Laboratory in 1939 was when the Australian dairy industry was very largely based on the supply of cream from farms to numerous butter factories, the skim milk being fed to pigs. By the mid-1940s, when Geof frey Loftus-Hills was appointed in charge ofthe fledgling Dairy Research Section, the main objective of the Section-the full utilization of the con stituents of milk for human food-had been firmly established. Over the next two decades progress towards this objective was exemplified by the scientific and technological contributions made in specialized milk powders for use in recombining and in the manufacture of casein and cheese. Meanwhile farming practices changed from cream production to the supply of refrigerated whole milk to the factories. By the late 1960s the increasing production of cheese and casein had re sulted in almost 2 million tonnes of whey per annum. This represented not only a waste disposal problem, but also under-utilization of over 100000 t of milk solids. The Laboratory had now grown to a staff of around 70, so it was possible to allocate some resources to this extra challenge.
Download or read book Food Protein based Colloids Structure Digestion and Nutrients Delivery written by Yuan Li and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-17 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Adhesives written by Irving Skeist and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adhesives are indispensable. They are required pling agents, and other key ingredients. Special in myriad products-aircraft and abrasives, cars attention is given to such flourishing categories and cartons, shoes and safety glass, tape and as acrylics, anaerobics, cyanoacrylates, poly urethanes, epoxy resins, polyvinyl acetate, high tires. This Third Edition of Handbook of Ad hesives, like the 1962 and 1977 editions, seeks temperature adhesives, hot melts, silicones, and to provide the knowledge needed for optimum silanes. selection, preparation, and utilization of adhe The last 14 chapters, on adherends and bond sives and sealants. The information is detailed ing technology, involve the auto industry, air and explicit, with several hundred illustrative craft, electronics, the bonding of wood, formulations. textiles, rubber and plastics, construction, ab Expert information has been supplied in 47 rasives, pressure-sensitives, nonwovens, and chapters written by 70 industry specialists, pro sealants. Mechanical handling of two-compo fessors, and consultants. Five chapters on fun nent systems is examined. The concluding damentals provide the theoretical and economic chapter highlights the exciting progress that is underpinnings-why adhesives work, how they being made in the use of robotics to apply ad are selected, how the surface is prepared, how hesives, techniques already far advanced in au they are applied, how they are set, how the tomotive assembly. cured joint is tested.
Download or read book Textile Finishing written by K. L. Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-08-22 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book details the recent and exciting developments on various fronts in the textile field with regard to novel and innovative functionalities, as well as their applications in various industries. Technical textiles are used in various industries for a host of purposes and applications. Recent developments in novel and innovative functionalities to textiles include easy-to-clean or dirt-repellent, flame retardancy, anti-bacterial, and fog-harvesting properties. Textiles for electronics based on graphene, CNTs and other nanomaterials, conductive textiles, textiles for sensor function, textile-fixed catalysts, textiles for batteries and energy storage, textiles as substrates for tissue engineering, and textiles for O/W separation are prevalent as well. All this development has been made possible through adopting novel ways for finishing textiles, e.g., by appropriate surface modification techniques, and utilizing biomimetic concepts borrowed from nature. This unique book is divided into four parts: Part 1: Recent Developments/Current Challenges in Textile Finishing; Part 2: Surface Modification Techniques for Textiles; Part 3: Innovative Functionalities of Textiles; Part 4: Fiber-Reinforced Composites. The topics covered include: Antimicrobial textile finishes; flame retardant textile finishing; "self-cleaning" or easy-to-clean textiles; metallization of textiles; atmospheric pressure plasma, and UV-based photochemical surface modification of textiles; tunable wettability of textiles; 3D textile structures for fog harvesting; textile-fixed catalysts; medical textiles as substrates for tissue engineering; and fiber-reinforced "green" or "greener" biocomposites and the relevance of fiber/matrix adhesion.
