Download or read book Development and Characterization of Ternary Solid Dispersion Granules of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs written by Niraja Patel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to increase the solubility of two poorly water soluble drugs, namely Diflunisal USP and Mefenamic Acid USP, by the formation of ternary solid dispersion granules with a dispersion carrier and an adsorbent. The study also includes characterization of the ternary solid dispersion granules for their physicochemical properties initially and after storage for 3 months. The dispersion carrier used for this study was Gelucire 50/13® and the adsorbent was Neusilin US2®. The fusion (hot melt) granulation method was used to prepare the ternary solid dispersion granules. Various characterization techniques were used to characterize the solid dispersion including Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and in vitro dissolution studies. The DSC data represents the ternary mixture of the drug (diflunisal or mefenamic acid), dispersion carrier (Gelucire50/13®) and adsorbent (Neusilin US2®), which formed the solid dispersion. The XRPD results confirmed the highly crystalline nature of the pure drug (diflunisal or mefenamic acid) and the conversion of the drug to the amorphous state in the solid dispersions. The FTIR study reveals hydrogen bonding which leads to solid dispersion formation. No other chemical interaction was observed between the components of the ternary solid dispersion granule. The SEM study provided evidence of the highly crystalline nature for the pure drug and the amorphous nature for the ternary solid phase dispersion. In vitro dissolution data reveals a significant increase in drug solubility from the ternary solid dispersion granule as compared to the solubility for the pure drug. The ternary solid dispersion granule formed for diflunisal and mefenamic acid were highly amorphous and able to significantly increase the solubility of each drug. Stability studies were performed for the solid dispersion of both the drugs (diflunisal and mefenamic acid) by subjecting them to different isothermal temperatures (25°C, 30°C, 35°C and 40°C) and relative humidity conditions (22.5% RH, 52.89% RH, 75.29% RH and 100% RH) for three months. The solid dispersion for both drugs (diflunisal and mefenamic acid) remained unaffected by the temperature and humidity conditions to which they were exposed throughout the three months period. Thus, in this study, the ternary solid dispersion granules for the two poorly water soluble drugs (diflunisal and mefenamic acid) were formulated which showed an increased dissolution as well as rate. The solid dispersion granules were extremely stable for three month under accelerated temperature and humidity conditions.
Download or read book Formulating Poorly Water Soluble Drugs written by Robert O. Williams III and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-04 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is intended to provide the reader with a breadth of understanding regarding the many challenges faced with the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs as well as in-depth knowledge in the critical areas of development with these compounds. Further, this book is designed to provide practical guidance for overcoming formulation challenges toward the end goal of improving drug therapies with poorly water-soluble drugs. Enhancing solubility via formulation intervention is a unique opportunity in which formulation scientists can enable drug therapies by creating viable medicines from seemingly undeliverable molecules. With the ever increasing number of poorly water-soluble compounds entering development, the role of the formulation scientist is growing in importance. Also, knowledge of the advanced analytical, formulation, and process technologies as well as specific regulatory considerations related to the formulation of these compounds is increasing in value. Ideally, this book will serve as a useful tool in the education of current and future generations of scientists, and in this context contribute toward providing patients with new and better medicines.
Download or read book Ternary Solid Dispersion Strategy for Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs by Co Milling Technique written by Marouene Bejaoui and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amorphous ternary solid dispersion has become one of the strategies commonly used for improving the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. Such multicomponent solid dispersion can be obtained by different techniques, this chapter provides an overview of ternary solid dispersion by co-milling method from the perspectives of physico-chemical characteristics in vitro and in vivo performance. A considerable improvement of solubility was obtained for many active pharmaceutical ingredients (e.g., Ibuprofen, Probucol, Gliclazid, Fenofibrate, Ibrutinib and Naproxen) and this was correlated to the synergy of multiple factors (hydrophilicity enhancement, particle size reduction, drug-carrier interactions, anti-plasticizing effect and complexation efficiency). This enhanced pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability of these drug molecules (1.49 to 15-folds increase in plasma drug concentration). A particular focus was accorded to compare the ternary and binary system including Ibuprofen and highlighting the contribution of thermal and spectral characterization techniques. The addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30), a low molecular weight molecule, into the binary solid dispersion (Ibuprofen/Œ≤-cyclodextrin), leads to a 1.5,Äì2 folds increase in the drug intrinsic dissolution rate only after 10¬†min. This resulted from physical stabilization of amorphous Ibuprofen by reducing its molecular mobility and inhibiting its recristallization even under stress conditions (75% RH and T¬†=¬†40¬∞C for six months).
Download or read book Amorphous Solid Dispersions written by Navnit Shah and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-21 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a comprehensive guide on the theory and practice of amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) for handling challenges associated with poorly soluble drugs. In twenty-three inclusive chapters, the book examines thermodynamics and kinetics of the amorphous state and amorphous solid dispersions, ASD technologies, excipients for stabilizing amorphous solid dispersions such as polymers, and ASD manufacturing technologies, including spray drying, hot melt extrusion, fluid bed layering and solvent-controlled micro-precipitation technology (MBP). Each technology is illustrated by specific case studies. In addition, dedicated sections cover analytical tools and technologies for characterization of amorphous solid dispersions, the prediction of long-term stability, and the development of suitable dissolution methods and regulatory aspects. The book also highlights future technologies on the horizon, such as supercritical fluid processing, mesoporous silica, KinetiSol®, and the use of non-salt-forming organic acids and amino acids for the stabilization of amorphous systems. Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Theory and Practice is a valuable reference to pharmaceutical scientists interested in developing bioavailable and therapeutically effective formulations of poorly soluble molecules in order to advance these technologies and develop better medicines for the future.
Download or read book Factors Influencing the Release of Poorly Water soluble Drugs from Solid dispersion Granules During Storage written by Manish K. Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solubility Improvement by Solid Dispersion and Their Characterization written by Vishak Sridhar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project was to improve the solubility of two poorly water soluble drugs, namely indomethacin and phenytoin by formulating ternary solid dispersions with a carrier and an adsorbent. Urea was used as the dispersing agent for indomethacin, while Kollidon®VA64 was used for both indomethacin and phenytoin. Solid dispersions with urea and indomethacin were prepared by the hot melt method while the ones with Kolllidon®VA64 were prepared by the solvent extraction method. Various techniques were used to characterize the solid dispersions, immediately after they were made and after two months of elevated temperature and relative humidity, including Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Powder Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and in vitro dissolution studies. The DSC data showed thermograms for all the ingredients, physical mixtures and solid dispersions. It indicated that the physical mixtures tend to have the drugs in their crystalline form. However, the solid dispersions gave formulations that were completely amorphous. PXRD studies confirmed these results. PXRD results for the drugs show their crystalline nature which could not be seen with the solid dispersions. It also confirmed that the formulations were stable over the two month period when they were kept at elevated temperature and controlled relative humidity conditions. SEM images indicated that the solid dispersion of the drug and carrier were coated on the Nuesilin®US2 well, showing it was possible to coat the solid dispersion on the Nuesilin®US2 by both the fusion method and solvent extraction method . In vitro dissolution studies reveal that there is an increase in both the quantity of drug solubilized and the rate of dissolution after formulation into their solid dispersions. The stability studies for two months under various temperatures (300C, 350C, 400C, and 450C) and relative humidity conditions (100%, 75.29 ±0.12%, 54.38 ±0.23 and 23.11 ±0.25% RH) indicated that the formulations might be stable. It also indicated that as the quantity of drug in the formulations increased, there was a tendency for some formulations to be unstable. The accelerated stability studies also helped to determine the trends with the shelf life of the formulations using the Arrhenius equation. It also gave some idea about the tendency of relative humidity to affect the degradation rate of the drug.
Download or read book Solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble drugs by solid dispersion written by Adela Kalivoda and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary Solid dispersions are a promising approach for controlled release drug delivery systems as both the bioavailability enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs as well as the sustained release of water-soluble drugs are possible to optimize their in vivo performance. Different methods for the manufacture of solid dispersion systems have been introduced in literature. In the present work, two methods are compared: hot-melt extrusion and ultrasound-assisted compaction technique. Various carrier systems and drugs with different physicochemical properties are applied to investigate the feasibility of the technologies for pharmaceutical formulation. The formulations are compared to the corresponding untreated physical blends of the components regarding their solid state structure and dissolution behavior to assess the effect of the manufacturing technique. Ultrasound-assisted compaction technique improves the initial dissolution rate of fenofibrate, a poorly water-soluble model drug. The crystalline API is partially converted into its amorphous state. As equivalent results can be achieved if the polymers are added directly to the dissolution medium, the dissolution enhancement is attributed to an improved wettability of the drug. A statistical design of experiments is employed to investigate the effect of the process parameters on the results. Difficulties are encountered in the determination of process parameters which result in an optimal outcome. The process is very sensitive to the smallest changes of settings, for example of the position of the sonotrode. Additionally, the delivery of ultrasound energy is inhomogeneous. There is no or only insufficient user control of these parameters available. Furthermore, the duration of ultrasound energy delivery which is identified as a crucial parameter cannot be set by the user. The variable factors ultrasound energy, pressure of the lower piston and pressure of the upper piston affect the defined responses in the opposite direction. Hence, there are no settings which result in a satisfactory outcome. A strong influence of the material characteristics on the process is observed leading to a batch to batch variability. Due to an insufficient reproducibility of results, the application of the technology cannot be recommended in its current state in the pharmaceutical formulation development and/or production. Improvements in homogeneity of energy delivery, process monitoring, user control and amount of leakage are mandatory for an acceptable performance and a future application in the pharmaceutical sector. The polymers COP, HPMC and PVCL-PVAc-PEG are well suitable as carriers for hot-melt extruded formulations of fenofibrate. All three extrudates are amorphous one-phase systems with the drug molecularly dispersed in the polymer. The enhancement of the initial dissolution rate and the maximum concentration level achieved are dependent on the applied carrier system. Supersaturation levels of up to 12.1 times are reached which are not stable due to recrystallization processes. The application of blends of polymers as carriers reduces the decrease rate after cmax. Because of water absorption and polymer relaxation, the overall dissolution performance decreases with increasing storage times which can be avoided through an optimization of the packaging. If oxeglitazar is used as API, the initial dissolution rate of the extrudates is below that of the untreated drug, with the exception of the ternary blend of COP, HPMC and oxeglitazar which shows a substance-specific super-additive effect. In contrast to the other extrudates, the formulation of PVCL-PVAc-PEG and oxeglitazar does not form a molecularly dispersed solid solution of the drug in the carrier. Instead, an amorphous two-phase system is present. No changes are observed after storage, presumably due to higher glass transition temperatures of the hot-melt extruded systems which are considerably above those of the corresponding fenofibrate extrudates. With felodipine as API, the dissolution profile is enhanced with COP as single carrier. If HPMC or PVCL-PVAc-PEG is used as single or additional polymeric carriers, the dissolution is equivalent (HPMC) or lower (PVCL-PVAc-PEG) than that of the pure drug although molecularly disperse systems are present in all cases. Out of the two investigated methods only hot-melt extrusion is a suitable technology to manufacture solid dispersions with an improved dissolution behavior. The dissolution profile of the extrudates can be influenced by adding polymers with differing physicochemical characteristics. Predictions on the dissolution behavior of the extrudates with polymeric blends as carriers can be made if there is knowledge on the dissolution profiles of the corresponding single polymeric extrudates. Due to substance-specific effects, the results are not transferable from drug to drug. Even so, the data are promising as the release behavior of the manufactured extrudates can be easily modified and readily adapted to one's needs. Further research will have to be conducted to verify the concept and the relevance of the results in vivo. Zusammenfassung Feste Dispersionen sind ein vielversprechender Ansatz zur Herstellung von Drug Delivery-Systemen mit kontrollierter Wirkstofffreisetzung, da sie sowohl die Bioverfügbarkeit schlecht wasserlöslicher Arzneistoffe verbessern als auch die Freisetzung gut wasserlöslicher Arzneistoffe verzögern können und so deren in vivo Verhalten optimieren. Verschiedene Herstellungsmethoden wurden in der Literatur vorgestellt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden zwei Technologien miteinander verglichen: Schmelzextrusion und Ultraschall gestützte Verpressung (USAC). Verschiedene Trägersysteme und Arzneistoffe mit unterschiedlichen physikochemischen Eigenschaften werden untersucht, um die Einsatzmöglichkeit im pharmazeutischen Bereich zu überprüfen. Die Struktur der hergestellten Systeme und deren Freisetzungsverhalten werden mit den physikalischen Mischungen der Komponenten verglichen, um den Einfluss der Formulierung zu bestimmen. Durch USAC wird die initiale Freisetzungsrate von Fenofibrat, einem schlecht wasserlöslichen Modellarzneistoff, verbessert. Eine teilweise Umwandlung vom kristallinen in den amorphen Zustand tritt auf. Vergleichbare Ergebnisse werden bei einer Polymerzugabe zum Freisetzungsmedium erreicht; daher wird davon ausgegangen, dass vor allem eine verbesserte Benetzbarkeit des Arzneistoffs eine Rolle spielt. Mittels statistischer Versuchsplanung wird der Einfluss der verschiedenen Prozessparameter untersucht. Die Einstellung der Prozessparameter, um ein optimales Ergebnis zu erhalten, gestaltet sich schwierig. Der Prozess reagiert auf kleinste Veränderungen, zum Beispiel der Position der Sonotrode, überaus sensitiv. Außerdem wird die Ultraschallenergie nicht homogen übertragen. Die Kontrolle dieser Parameter durch den Anwender ist nicht oder nur unzureichend möglich. Ebenso kann die Dauer der Ultraschallapplizierung, die essentiell für den Prozess ist, nicht eingestellt werden. Die Prozessparameter Ultraschallenergie, Unterstempeldruck und Sonotrodendruck beeinflussen die Zielgrößen in entgegengesetzter Richtung. Daher gibt es keine Einstellung, die für alle Zielgrößen optimale Ergebnisse liefert. Zusätzlich ist der Prozess stark abhängig von den Eigenschaften des verwendeten Materials: Die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Polymerchargen macht eine Anpassung der Prozessparameter notwendig, um vergleichbare Ergebnisse zu erhalten. Eine ausreichende Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse für einen Einsatz dieser Technologie in Formulierungsentwicklung oder Produktion ist nicht gegeben. Eine homogene Ultraschallenergiezufuhr sowie Verbesserungen der Prozessüberwachung, der Benutzerkontrolle und eine Verminderung der austretenden Materialmenge sind für eine akzeptable Leistung und eine zukünftige Anwendung im pharmazeutischen Bereich zwingend erforderlich. Die Polymere COP, HPMC, PVCL-PVAc-PEG sind für eine Freisetzungsverbesserung von Fenofibrat mittels Schmelzextrusion geeignet. Es liegen einphasige, molekulardisperse feste Lösungen vor. Abhängig von der Trägersubstanz wird die initiale Freisetzungsrate unterschiedlich stark erhöht, ebenso die maximale Konzentration des Arzneistoffes in Lösung. Eine bis zu 12.1-fache Übersättigung wird erreicht, die aufgrund von Rekristallisationsprozessen nicht stabil ist. Der Einsatz von polymeren Mischungen reduziert die Geschwindigkeit des Konzentrationsabfalls. Die Absorption von Wasser und Relaxationseffekte vermindern die Freisetzungserhöhung mit zunehmender Lagerdauer; dieser Entwicklung kann durch eine Optimierung des Packmittels entgegengewirkt werden. Wird der ebenfalls schwer wasserlösliche Arzneistoff Oxeglitazar verwendet, so ist die initiale Freisetzungsrate der Extrudate der des reinen Arzneistoffs unterlegen, mit Ausnahme der ternären Mischung von COP, HPMC und Oxeglitazar, die einen substanzspezifischen überadditiven Effekt aufweist. PVCL-PVAc-PEG-Oxeglitazar-Extrudate bilden im Gegensatz zu den übrigen Formulierungen keine molekulardisperse feste Lösung, sondern ein amorphes Zwei-Phasen-System. Eine Veränderung während der Lagerzeit wird nicht beobachtet, vermutlich aufgrund der höheren Glasübergangstemperaturen dieser Systeme. Lediglich das Freisetzungsprofil von COP-Felodipin-Extrudaten ist verbessert. Gegenüber dem reinen Arzneistoff ist die Freisetzung der übrigen Extrudate vergleichbar (HPMC) oder verringert (PVCL-PVAc-PEG), obwohl auch hier molekulardisperse Systeme vorliegen. Von den beiden untersuchten Technologien ist lediglich die Schmelzextrusion geeignet, um feste Dispersionen mit einem verbesserten Freisetzungsverhalten herzustellen. Das Freisetzungsprofil der Extrudate kann durch den Zusatz von Polymeren mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften optimiert und vorhergesagt werden, wenn das Freisetzungsprofil der Einzelpolymer-Extrudate bekannt ist. Die Ergebnisse sind aufgrund von substanzspezifischen Effekten nicht von Arzneistoff auf Arzneistoff übertragbar. Nichtsdestotrotz sind die Erkenntnisse dieser Arbeit vielversprechend, da gezeigt wird, dass das Freisetzungsprofil der Extrudate leicht beeinflusst und an spezifische Anforderungen angepasst werden kann. Weitere Untersuchungen sind notwendig, um das Konzept und die Relevanz der Ergebnisse in vivo zu überprüfen.
Download or read book Investigation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions for Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Water soluble Drugs written by Andrew Olutoye Ojo and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) has enabled the development of oral dosage forms for many poorly water-soluble compounds. The aim of the work presented in this dissertation is to advance our understanding of ASDs, specifically their long-term stability with respect to crystallization and the implications of instability on product performance. Advancing knowledge in these areas is pivotal for the pharmaceutical industry and its efforts in drug discovery. Much of our understanding of ASD stability results from empirical or extrapolative models that have been applied to describe stability. Their application has been limited and they do not provide fundamental insights into the recrystallization process to aid in the rationale development in ASDs. Notably, they fail to consider supersaturation as the driving force for crystallization, diffusivity in viscous systems, and interfacial effects. The works presented in this dissertation model the mechanisms of crystal nucleation and growth in ASDs by incorporating these concepts, develop and apply characterization tools to determine critical model parameters, and study the effects of crystallization on product performance.
Download or read book Formulating Poorly Water Soluble Drugs written by Robert O. Williams III and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this third edition is to consolidate within a single text the most current knowledge, practical methods, and regulatory considerations pertaining to formulations development with poorly water-soluble molecules. A pharmaceutical scientist's approach toward solubility enhancement of a poorly water-soluble molecule typically includes detailed characterization of the compound's physiochemical properties, solid-state modifications, advanced formulation design, non-conventional process technologies, advanced analytical characterization, and specialized product performance analysis techniques. The scientist must also be aware of the unique regulatory considerations pertaining to the non-conventional approaches often utilized for poorly water-soluble drugs. One faced with the challenge of developing a drug product from a poorly soluble compound must possess at a minimum a working knowledge of each of the above mentioned facets and detailed knowledge of most. In light of the magnitude of the growing solubility problem to drug development, this is a significant burden especially when considering that knowledge in most of these areas is relatively new and continues to develop. Highlights the most recent advancements reported in the literature on technologies to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs Provides a comprehensive discussion of new technologies developed and recently over 40% updated new content Essential read for scientists and researchers in pharmaceutical, chemical, and agricultural industries since over 80% of newly discovered drugs are poorly water soluble.
Download or read book Poorly Soluble Drugs written by Gregory K. Webster and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-01-06 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first text to provide a comprehensive assessment of the application of fundamental principles of dissolution and drug release testing to poorly soluble compounds and formulations. Such drug products are, vis-à-vis their physical and chemical properties, inherently incompatible with aqueous dissolution. However, dissolution methods are required for product development and selection, as well as for the fulfillment of regulatory obligations with respect to biopharmaceutical assessment and product quality understanding. The percentage of poorly soluble drugs, defined in classes 2 and 4 of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), has significantly increased in the modern pharmaceutical development pipeline. This book provides a thorough exposition of general method development strategies for such drugs, including instrumentation and media selection, the use of compendial and non-compendial techniques in product development, and phase-appropriate approaches to dissolution development. Emerging topics in the field of dissolution are also discussed, including biorelevant and biphasic dissolution, the use on enzymes in dissolution testing, dissolution of suspensions, and drug release of non-oral products. Of particular interest to the industrial pharmaceutical professional, a brief overview of the formulation and solubilization techniques employed in the development of BCS class 2 and 4 drugs to overcome solubility challenges is provided and is complemented by a collection of chapters that survey the approaches and considerations in developing dissolution methodologies for enabling drug delivery technologies, including nanosuspensions, lipid-based formulations, and stabilized amorphous drug formulations.
Download or read book Enhancing Delivery of Poorly Water soluble Drugs by Innovative Amorphous Solid Dispersions written by Scott Victor Jermain and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poorly water-soluble drugs continue to dominate today’s drug development pipelines, and thus a multitude of technologies and solubility-enhancing methodologies have been commercialized to address this issue. One-such methodology to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs is the development of amorphous solid dispersions. What was once considered a risky method of drug delivery (due to lack of drug kinetic stability in its amorphous state), formulating drugs as amorphous solid dispersions has grown significantly over the past two decades. Two amorphous solid dispersion-producing technologies have become well-understood for the development and successful delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs, and thus an overwhelming majority of commercialized amorphous solid dispersion products are processed by these two technologies; hot melt extrusion and spray drying. Each technology has distinct advantages and disadvantages, and thus many poorly water-soluble drugs are unable to process by either technology using conventional techniques. Thus, novel utilization of excipients and processing methods is necessary to continually expand the formulation design space. Furthermore, the development and commercialization of novel amorphous solid dispersion-producing technologies is necessary to further-expand the formulation design space. Therefore, the following research is an effort to expand the formulation design space of poorly water-soluble drugs while forming amorphous solid dispersions. The following research focuses on continued innovation in the field of amorphous solid dispersions to enhance the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. These research directions demonstrate innovative use of an ordinary excipient to enhance delivery of amorphous solid dispersions processed by hot melt extrusion. Additionally, these studies demonstrate the use (and further understanding) of a novel technology, KinetiSol, that allows for processing amorphous solid dispersions without the necessity of external thermal input or solvent(s). KinetiSol-processed materials are compared with spray dried materials to evaluate the kinetics behind drug release of a weakly basic drug processed with an ionic polymer, and findings from this study will be essential for future delivery of amorphous solid dispersions of weakly basic drugs in ionic polymers
Download or read book Investigation and Characterization of Freeze dried Solid Dispersion Based on Poorly Soluble Drug and Polyvinylpyrrolidone written by Mengxin Chen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this projectis to find out a NIF/PVP formulation in capsule which has enhanced dissolution rate and stability. Amorphous solid dispersions can be used to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drug. Freeze drying technique is able to remove the solvent inside and therefore increase the Tg value of the mixtures and stabilize the formulation. This technique is also known to increase the wettability and surface area of insoluble drug. Solid dispersions of nifedipine (NIF) having varying concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K10 and K30) in tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) were prepared and then freeze dried. Physical mixture of NIF/PVP was also prepared using two types of PVP: K10 and K30. The appearance of PVP K30 freeze dried cake was not pharmaceutical elegant, collapse will easily occur, thus for NIF formulations that are needed to freeze dried, PVP K10 is a better option. Thermal analysis of freeze dried NIF/PVP K10 samples showed a single glass transition temperature and there was no melting peak found during first heat of heat-cool-heat cycle, suggestive of a miscible dispersion and amorphous nature. While in thermograms of physical mixture samples, melting peak was observed in most of them, which indicated that NIF in the mixture was crystalline. Dissolution test suggested that the freeze dried sample had an enhanced dissolution rate compared to physical mixtures. Thus freeze drying technique is more desired. Dissolution study on freeze dried NIF/PVP K10 samples suggested that 1:2 NIF/PVP K10 reached nearly full recovery at about 15 minutes. Thus freeze dried NIF/PVP K10 formulation with ratio of 1:2 is the best formulation which has a good dissolution rate and a high Tg value (116.30±0.74 °C).
Download or read book Solubilty Enhancement of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs written by Kapil Kalra and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solubilty Enhancement of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs aims to be a text for the Under-Graduate, Post-Graduate students & all Research Scholars of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The book provides a comprehensive, balanced introduction and detailed information on the various techniques to improve poor solubilty & hence enhancement of bioavailability and dissolution rate. The approach to solubilty enhancement is kept as simple as possible. It includes characterization mainly focus on the different techniques such as Melt Granulation, Complexation, Hydrotrophy, Cosolvency and Solid Dispersion. The text is divided into eleven units, discussing a wide variety of topics and meet the requirements of the students. I. IntroductionII. Techniques to overcome poorly soluble drugsIII. Introduction to PolymersIV. Introduction to ExicipientsV. Introduction to Performulation studiesVI. Melt granulationVII. HydrotrophyVIII. ComplexationIX. CosolvencyX. Solid DispersionXI. Characterization
Download or read book Solid Dispersion As A Solubility Enhancement Technique written by Kalpen Patel and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid dispersion was prepared by solvent evaporation technique and it is optimized by using different of polymer and lipid ratios. The prepared solid dispersions were evaluated for solubility study, assay and in vitro dissolution study. The solid state property was characterized by differential scanning Calorimetry(DSC). The solubility and dissolution rate were found significantly increased in these solid dispersion systems compared with pure drug alone. The highest improvement of solubility and dissolution rate was found with PEG 6000 and 45 mg phosphatidycholine. DSC studies of solid dispersions confirmed the there is no interaction between drug with excipients. This is attributed to improve bioavailability due to enhancement in rate and extent of drug release. The preparation of solid dispersion is a promising strategy to improve the solubility and dissolution of drug of low solubility and thereby bioavailability of the drug. The solvent evaporation method could be considered as a simple method for preparation of solid dispersion within a shorter period of times.
Download or read book Advanced Formulation and Processing Technologies in the Oral Delivery of Poorly Water soluble Drugs written by Bo Lang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advance of combinational chemistry and high throughput screening, an increasing number of pharmacologically active compounds have been discovered and developed. A significant proportion of those drug candidates are poorly water-soluble, thereby exhibiting limited absorption profiles after oral administration. Therefore, advanced formulation and processing technologies are demanded in order to overcome the biopharmaceutical limits of poorly water-soluble drugs. A number of pharmaceutical technologies have been investigated to address the solubility issue, such as particle size reduction, salt formation, lipid-based formulation, and solubilization. Within the scope of this dissertation, two of the pharmaceutical technologies were investigated names thin film freezing and hot-melt extrusion. The overall goal of the research was to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs by producing amorphous solid dispersion systems with enhanced wetting, dissolution, and supersaturation properties. In Chapter 1, the pharmaceutical applications of hot-melt extrusion technology was reviewed. The formulation and process development of hot-melt extrusion was discussed. In Chapter 2, we investigated the use of thin film freezing technology combined with template emulsion system to improve the dissolution and wetting properties of itraconazole (ITZ). The effects of formulation variables (i.e., the selection of polymeric excipients and surfactants) and process variables (i.e., template emulsion system versus cosolvent system) were studied. The physic-chemical properties and dissolution properties of thin film freezing compositions were characterized extensively. In Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, we investigated hot-melt extrusion technology for producing amorphous solid dispersion systems and improving the dissolution and absorption of ITZ. Formulation variables (i.e., the selection of hydrophilic additives, the selection of polymeric carriers) and process variables (i.e., the screw configuration of hot-melt extrusion systems) were investigated in order to optimize the performance of ITZ amorphous solid dispersions. The effects of formulation and process variables on the properties of hot-melt extrusion compositions were investigated. In vivo studies revealed that the oral administration of advanced ITZ amorphous solid dispersion formulations rendered enhanced oral bioavailability of the drug in the rat model. Results indicated that novel formulation and processing technologies are viable approaches for enhancing the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs.
Download or read book Hot Melt Extrusion written by Dennis Douroumis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hot-melt extrusion (HME) - melting a substance and forcing it through an orifice under controlled conditions to form a new material - is an emerging processing technology in the pharmaceutical industry for the preparation of various dosage forms and drug delivery systems, for example granules and sustained release tablets. Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications covers the main instrumentation, operation principles and theoretical background of HME. It then focuses on HME drug delivery systems, dosage forms and clinical studies (including pharmacokinetics and bioavailability) of HME products. Finally, the book includes some recent and novel HME applications, scale -up considerations and regulatory issues. Topics covered include: principles and die design of single screw extrusion twin screw extrusion techniques and practices in the laboratory and on production scale HME developments for the pharmaceutical industry solubility parameters for prediction of drug/polymer miscibility in HME formulations the influence of plasticizers in HME applications of polymethacrylate polymers in HME HME of ethylcellulose, hypromellose, and polyethylene oxide bioadhesion properties of polymeric films produced by HME taste masking using HME clinical studies, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of HME products injection moulding and HME processing for pharmaceutical materials laminar dispersive & distributive mixing with dissolution and applications to HME technological considerations related to scale-up of HME processes devices and implant systems by HME an FDA perspective on HME product and process understanding improved process understanding and control of an HME process with near-infrared spectroscopy Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications is an essential multidisciplinary guide to the emerging pharmaceutical uses of this processing technology for researchers in academia and industry working in drug formulation and delivery, pharmaceutical engineering and processing, and polymers and materials science. This is the first book from our brand new series Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology. Find out more about the series here.
Download or read book Poorly Soluble Drugs written by Gregory K. Webster and published by Jenny Stanford Publishing. This book was released on 2016-12-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first text to provide a comprehensive assessment of the application of fundamental principles of dissolution and drug release testing to poorly soluble compounds and formulations. Such drug products are, vis-à-vis their physical and chemical properties, inherently incompatible with aqueous dissolution. However, dissolution methods are required for product development and selection, as well as for the fulfillment of regulatory obligations with respect to biopharmaceutical assessment and product quality understanding. The percentage of poorly soluble drugs, defined in classes 2 and 4 of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), has significantly increased in the modern pharmaceutical development pipeline. This book provides a thorough exposition of general method development strategies for such drugs, including instrumentation and media selection, the use of compendial and non-compendial techniques in product development, and phase-appropriate approaches to dissolution development. Emerging topics in the field of dissolution are also discussed, including biorelevant and biphasic dissolution, the use on enzymes in dissolution testing, dissolution of suspensions, and drug release of non-oral products. Of particular interest to the industrial pharmaceutical professional, a brief overview of the formulation and solubilization techniques employed in the development of BCS class 2 and 4 drugs to overcome solubility challenges is provided and is complemented by a collection of chapters that survey the approaches and considerations in developing dissolution methodologies for enabling drug delivery technologies, including nanosuspensions, lipid-based formulations, and stabilized amorphous drug formulations.
