Download or read book Developing Near and Mid infrared Spectroscopy Analysis Methods for Rapid Assessment of Soil Quality in Illinois written by Yushu Xia and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Infrared Spectroscopy for Soil Carbon Accounting and Soil Quality Assessment written by Sonam Rinchen Sherpa and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The future of global food security and economic stability continue to raise increasing concern, as the human population and thus demand for agricultural resources are rising at an alarming rate, while the frequency of extreme weather events leading to drought, flooding, and heat stress are projected to increase. Furthermore, the impacts of climate change on crop productivity and water availability are already apparent, and if current trends of increasing atmospheric CO2 levels and land degradation persist, the stability of whole food systems could be at risk. Building soil organic carbon (SOC) is essential for restoring degraded soils and enhancing soil health, as increasing SOC can reduce compaction, improve drainage and aeration, increase water holding and cation exchange capacity, and enhance nutrient cycling and fertility, thereby improving agronomic productivity and resource use efficiency in agroecosystems. Implementing soil management practices to build SOC can provide win-win opportunities for farmers and resource managers, resulting in improved soil health, increased fertilizer use efficiency, and increased resiliency to drought and heat stress, while serving to mitigate climate change by sequestering atmospheric carbon. However, the excessive sampling and analysis costs required to measure baseline levels and monitor changes in soil quality, currently limits our ability to establish effective policies for incentivizing sustainable soil management practices. Mid infrared (MIR) and visible and near infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy have been proposed as accurate and low cost options for predicting multiple soil quality indicators, and may be capable of meeting current needs of a low cost reliable method for quantifying soil quality and SOC. In this dissertation, I explore potential applications for MIR and VNIR spectroscopy by developing and testing low-cost, reliable measurement-based approaches for quantifying soil quality and SOC at farm-to-regional scales. Both VNIR and MIR spectroscopy successfully predicted SOC and other soil quality indicators with an acceptable level of accuracy often comparable to that of standard wet chemistry methods for soil assessment, yet measurement costs for both VNIR and MIR predictions was roughly an order of magnitude less than standard wet chemistry methods.
Download or read book A primer on soil analysis using visible and near infrared vis NIR and mid infrared MIR spectroscopy written by Ge, Y., Wadoux, A., Peng, Y. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2022-03-17 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A primer on soil analysis using visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy” is the first training material on the topic of soil spectroscopy for beginner levels, by the Global Soil Laboratory Network Initiative on Soil Spectroscopy (GLOSOLAN-Spec) of the Global Soil Partnership, FAO. This document provides an introduction to the use of soil spectroscopy for soil analysis and covers the basic and fundamental procedures for using this technology for soil analysis. The series “Soil spectroscopy training material” is part of the Global Soil Laboratory Network (GLOSOLAN) to strengthen the capacity of laboratories in soil analysis. It provides a series of training materials covering wide range of topics in soil vis-NIR and MIR spectroscopy. The overall objective is to develop national and regional soil spectral libraries with an estimation service, and to provide advisory services on appropriate instrumentation.
Download or read book Strategies for Soil Quality Assessment Using VNIR Hyperspectral Spectroscopy written by Rintaro Kinoshita and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VNIRS) is a rapid and non-destructive proximal sensing method that can predict various soil properties, and has the potential to dramatically reduce the time and cost of soil analysis. In this study, the predictability of VNIRS was assessed for sixteen soil quality indicators of Western Kenyan soils. It successfully predicted SQ indicators (R2> 0.80; ratio of performance to deviation (RPD)> 2.00) including Ca, soil organic matter, active carbon, water content at permanent wilting point, cation exchange capacity, clay, sand, and Cu of Western Kenyan soil. VNIRS was also employed to analyze soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution within a microwatershed in Costa Rica. It successfully predicted SOC content with R2 of 0.82. It appears that high spatial sampling intensities, inexpensive SOC analysis, and the "measure and multiply" extrapolation method provided by VNIRS is highly applicable for studying SOC distribution in complex agroforestry watershed.
Download or read book Proximal Soil Sensing written by Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-25 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on developments in Proximal Soil Sensing (PSS) and high resolution digital soil mapping. PSS has become a multidisciplinary area of study that aims to develop field-based techniques for collecting information on the soil from close by, or within, the soil. Amongst others, PSS involves the use of optical, geophysical, electrochemical, mathematical and statistical methods. This volume, suitable for undergraduate course material and postgraduate research, brings together ideas and examples from those developing and using proximal sensors and high resolution digital soil maps for applications such as precision agriculture, soil contamination, archaeology, peri-urban design and high land-value applications, where there is a particular need for high spatial resolution information. The book in particular covers soil sensor sampling, proximal soil sensor development and use, sensor calibrations, prediction methods for large data sets, applications of proximal soil sensing, and high-resolution digital soil mapping. Key themes: soil sensor sampling – soil sensor calibrations – spatial prediction methods – reflectance spectroscopy – electromagnetic induction and electrical resistivity – radar and gamma radiometrics – multi-sensor platforms – high resolution digital soil mapping - applications Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel is a scientist at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) of Australia. Alex McBratney is Pro-Dean and Professor of Soil Science in the Faculty of Agriculture Food & Natural Resources at the University of Sydney in Australia. Budiman Minasny is a Senior Research Fellow in the Faculty of Agriculture Food & Natural Resources at the University of Sydney in Australia.
Download or read book Soil Quality Fertility Determination in Precision Agriculture and Bitumen Residue Determination in Oil Sand Tailings by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometrics written by Qianjun Gan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The need for rapid and inexpensive techniques for soil quality determination has led to the investigation of modern technologies. Infrared spectroscopy in the near-infrared region has been traditionally used, while the mid-infrared region (4000 - 400 cm-1) has been less studied. In this research, the feasibility of employing attenuated total reflectance mid-infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in soil quality determination was studied. The soil quality of 278 soil samples from four Canadian provinces was evaluated by measurement of 10 selected soil properties: total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), sand, silt, clay, N uptake, and yield. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) was used to build calibration models for the prediction of these properties from ATR-FTIR spectra of soils. Based on evaluation of the coefficient of determination (r2) and the residual; predictive deviation (RPD), it was found that the models for TC, TN, C/N, sand, silt, and clay showed very reliable performance (r2 > 0.90, RPD > 2.00). Similar results were found when the same set of samples were analyzed using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform near-infrared (DRIFT-NIR) spectroscopy. Comparison of the prediction results obtained by ATR- MIR and DRIFT-NIR spectroscopy demonstrated that the ATR-FTIR models showed better prediction accuracy than the DRIFT-NIR models, with an RPD increment between 12% and 36%. This result indicates that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with PLSR has the potential to model and predict certain important soil properties and therefore may assist in achieving large-scale precision farming. In the second part of the research, the target of study moved from agricultural soils to bitumen-contaminated tailing soils, where the content and quality of bitumen residues in a tailings remediation process were determined by FTIR spectroscopy. The application of ATR-FTIR and DRIFT-NIR spectroscopy as rapid tools for determination of bitumen residues in tailings and remediated tailings was investigated. In this work, bitumen residues were directly determined in neat samples without any chemical separations or extractions. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with PLSR yielded the best calibration, with a r2 of 0.99 and a 1.76 wt% RMSEC over the bitumen range between 0.70 and 40.70 wt%. These methods were reproducible with an average 0.91 wt% difference among triplicate analyses. The classification of unremediated and remediated tailing soils by principal component analysis (PCA) of their ATR-FTIR spectra was investigated. Soils were successfully classified according to their level of bitumen content, but classification based on discrimination between unremediated and remediated soils was not successful. This result implied the lack of a direct relationship between bitumen content and the remediation process, which was attributed to the variable bitumen content of the feedstocks and the use of an un-optimized remediation process. Therefore, the on-line MIR-PCA classification as well as the MIR-PLS quantification is necessary for feedstock categorization based on bitumen level in order to optimize the remediation process and for subsequent evaluation of the remediation process to ensure the remediation goal has been met. In an extension of this work, the use of the green solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) for extraction of bitumen from tailing soils was evaluated. Based on gravimetric determination of the bitumen recovery yield, it was found that 89 wt% of the total bitumen was recovered by a room-temperature single-stage 2-MeTHF extraction, which was 9% and 14% higher than the recovery obtained with the traditionally used organic solvents toluene and DCM under the same conditions. The quality of the bitumen extracted by the three solvents was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy, which indicated that less migration of clay minerals into the bitumen." --
Download or read book Development of a Mid infrared Technique for Determination of Soil Nitrate Content written by Bernard Reuben Jahn and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Near infrared Reflectance Spectroscopic Measurement of Soil Properties written by Cheng-Wen Chang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil testing is an important task for precision farming and soil quality assessment. However, the standard procedures for soil testing are usually very complex, expensive, and time-consuming. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and convenient analytical technique. The main objective of this project was to study the potential of NIRS for analyses of soil analyses. In the study of soil mixtures containing diverse sources of C and N, the results indicated that NIRS can be used to quantify soil C (organic C and inorganic C) and total N, C:N ratios simultaneously. In the study of moist and air-dried soil samples from agricultural fields in Iowa and Minnesota, the results indicated that NIRS predictions of tested soil properties were more accurate for air-dried soils than moist soils; however, the differences were minimal. The overall ability of NIRS to predict soil properties was based on the analyses of 33 properties for over 800 soil samples collected from four Major Land Resources Areas (9, 67, 77, and 105). The results indicated that NIRS can be used to simultaneously estimate soil C and N, moisture, CEC, basal respiration rate, potentially mineralizable N, particle size distribution, and some extractable and exchangeable cations with acceptable accuracy. Based on these studies NIRS has the potential to be used as a fast and nondestructive soil testing technique for both moist and air-dried soils.
Download or read book Development of Dispersive and Fourier Transform Near Infrared Spectroscopy Methodology for Food and Edible Seed Analysis written by Jun Guo and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Use of Visible near Infrared Spectroscopy for the Assessment of Soil Quality Indicators written by Judith Irene Ball and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy NIRS written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Infrared Spectroscopy for Food Quality Analysis and Control written by Da-Wen Sun and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-03-05 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an international panel of professional and academic peers, the book provides the engineer and technologist working in research, development and operations in the food industry with critical and readily accessible information on the art and science of infrared spectroscopy technology. The book should also serve as an essential reference source to undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in universities and research institutions. Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy deals with the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It measure the absorption of different IR frequencies by a sample positioned in the path of an IR beam. Currently, infrared spectroscopy is one of the most common spectroscopic techniques used in the food industry. With the rapid development in infrared spectroscopic instrumentation software and hardware, the application of this technique has expanded into many areas of food research. It has become a powerful, fast, and non-destructive tool for food quality analysis and control. Infrared Spectroscopy for Food Quality Analysis and Control reflects this rapid technology development. The book is divided into two parts. Part I addresses principles and instruments, including theory, data treatment techniques, and infrared spectroscopy instruments. Part II covers the application of IRS in quality analysis and control for various foods including meat and meat products, fish and related products, and others. Explores this rapidly developing, powerful and fast non-destructive tool for food quality analysis and control Presented in two Parts -- Principles and Instruments, including theory, data treatment techniques, and instruments, and Application in Quality Analysis and Control for various foods making it valuable for understanding and application Fills a need for a comprehensive resource on this area that includes coverage of NIR and MVA
Download or read book Light Reflectance Provides Rapid Assessment of Soil Quality written by Keith D. Shepherd and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Near and Mid Infrared Spectrometry for the Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Complex Materials written by Jill Marie Olinger and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Infrared Spectroscopy in Conservation Science written by Michele R. Derrick and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2000-03-16 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides practical information on the use of infrared (IR) spectroscopy for the analysis of materials found in cultural objects. Designed for scientists and students in the fields of archaeology, art conservation, microscopy, forensics, chemistry, and optics, the book discusses techniques for examining the microscopic amounts of complex, aged components in objects such as paintings, sculptures, and archaeological fragments. Chapters include the history of infrared spectroscopy, the basic parameters of infrared absorption theory, IR instrumentation, analysis methods, sample collection and preparation, and spectra interpretation. The authors cite several case studies, such as examinations of Chumash Indian paints and the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Institute’s Tools for Conservation series provides practical scientific procedures and methodologies for the practice of conservation. The series is specifically directed to conservation scientists, conservators, and technical experts in related fields.
Download or read book Infrared Spectroscopy written by Barbara H. Stuart and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-08-20 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an introduction to those needing to use infrared spectroscopy for the first time, explaining the fundamental aspects of this technique, how to obtain a spectrum and how to analyse infrared data covering a wide range of applications. Includes instrumental and sampling techniques Covers biological and industrial applications Includes suitable questions and problems in each chapter to assist in the analysis and interpretation of representative infrared spectra Part of the ANTS (Analytical Techniques in the Sciences) Series.
Download or read book Improvements of the Near infrared Diffuse reflectance Technique written by David E. Honigs and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
