Download or read book Developing Efficient High order Transport Schemes for Cross scale Coupled Estuary ocean Modeling written by Fei Ye and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geophysical fluid dynamics (GFD) models have progressed greatly in simulating the world’s oceans and estuaries in the past three decades, thanks to the development of novel numerical algorithms and the advent of massively parallel high-performance computing platforms. Study of inter-related processes on multi-scales (e.g., between large-scale (remote) processes and small-scale (local) processes) has always been an important theme for GFD modeling. For this purpose, models based on unstructured-grid (UG) have shown great potential because of their superior abilities in enabling multi-resolution and in fitting geometry and boundary. Despite UG models’ successful applications on coastal systems, significant obstacles still exist that have so far prevented UG models from realizing their full cross-scale capability. The pressing issues include the computation overhead resulting from large contrasts in the spatial resolutions, and the relative lack of skill for UG model in the eddying regime. Specifically for our own implicit UG model (SCHISM), the transport solver often emerges as a major bottleneck for both accuracy and efficiency. The overall goal of this dissertation is two-fold. The first goal is to address the challenges in tracer transport by developing efficient high-order schemes for the transport processes and test them in the framework of a community supported modeling system (SCHISM: Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model) for cross-scale processes. The second goal is to utilize the new schemes developed in this dissertation and elsewhere to build a bona fide cross-scale Chesapeake Bay model and use it to address some key knowledge gaps in the physical processes in this system and to better assist decision makers of coastal resource management. The work on numerical scheme development has resulted in two new high-order transport solvers. The first solver tackles the vertical transport that often imposes the most stringent constraint on model efficiency (Chapter 2). With an implicit method and two flux limiters in both space and time, the new TVD2 solver leads to a speed-up of 1.6-6.0 in various cross-scale applications as compared to traditional explicit methods, while achieving 2nd-order accuracy in both space and time. Together with a flexible vertical gridding system, the flow over steep slopes can be faithfully simulated efficiently and accurately without altering the underlying bathymetry. The second scheme aims at improving the model skill in the eddying ocean (Chapter 4). UG coastal models tend to under-resolve features like meso-scale eddies and meanders, and this issue is partially attributed to the numerical diffusion in the transport schemes that are originally developed for estuarine applications. To address this issue, a 3rd-order transport scheme based on WENO formulation is developed, and is demonstrated to improve the meso-scale features. The new solvers are then tested in the Chesapeake Bay and adjacent Atlantic Ocean on small, medium and large domains respectively, corresponding to the three main chapters of this dissertation (Chapter 2-4), with an ultimate goal of achieving a seamless cross-scale model from the Gulf Stream to the shallow regions in the Bay tributaries and sub-tributaries. We highlight the dominant role played by the bathymetry in nearshore systems and the detrimental effects of bathymetric smoothing commonly used in many coastal models (Chapter 3). With the new methods developed in this dissertation and elsewhere, the model has enabled the analyses on some important processes that are hard to quantify with traditional techniques, e.g., the effect of channel-shoal contrast on lateral circulation and salinity distribution, hypoxia volume, the influence of realistic bathymetry on the freshwater plume etc. Potential topics for future research are also discussed at the end. In addition, the new solvers have also been successfully exported to many other oceanic and nearshore systems around the world via user groups of our community modeling system (cf. ‘Publications’ under ‘schism.wiki’).
Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Ocean Currents written by John H. Steele and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-10-08 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Currents is a derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 2nd Edition and serves as an important reference on current ocean current knowledge and expertise in one convenient and accessible source. Its selection of articles—all written by experts in their field—focuses on key ocean current concepts. Its topics include ocean currents, the circulation of deep water, the contrasting circulations of the seas, the circulation in fjords, estuaries and the effects of rivers, and the intermittency and variability of the oceans. Ocean Currents serves as an ideal reference for topical research. References related articles on ocean currents to facilitate further research Richly illustrated with figures and tables that aid in understanding key concepts Includes an introductory overview of ocean currents and then explores each topic in detail, making it useful to experts and graduate-level researchers Topical arrangement makes it the perfect desk reference
Download or read book Advanced Ocean Modelling written by Jochen Kämpf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-30 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on motions of incompressible ?uids of a freely moving surface being in?uenced by both the Earth’s rotation and density strati?cation. In contrast to traditional textbooks in the ?eld of geophysical ?uid dynamics, such as those by by Cushman-Roisin (1994) and Gill (1982), this book uses the method of proce- oriented hydrodynamic modelling to illustrate a rich variety of ?uid phenomena. To this end, the reader can adopt the model codes, found on the Springer server accompanying this book, to reproduce most graphs of this book and, even better, to create animation movies. The reader can also employ the codes as templates for own independent studies. This can be done by a lay person as a hobby activity, undergraduate or postgraduate students as part of their education, or professional scientists as part of research. Exercises of this book are run with open-source software that can be freely downloaded from the Internet. This includes the FORTRAN 95 compiler “G95” used for execution of model simulations, the data visualisation program “SciLab”, and “ImageMagick” for the creation of graphs and GIF animations, which can be watched with most Internet browsers.
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1973-10 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Download or read book Next Generation Earth System Prediction written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-22 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the nation's economic activities, security concerns, and stewardship of natural resources become increasingly complex and globally interrelated, they become ever more sensitive to adverse impacts from weather, climate, and other natural phenomena. For several decades, forecasts with lead times of a few days for weather and other environmental phenomena have yielded valuable information to improve decision-making across all sectors of society. Developing the capability to forecast environmental conditions and disruptive events several weeks and months in advance could dramatically increase the value and benefit of environmental predictions, saving lives, protecting property, increasing economic vitality, protecting the environment, and informing policy choices. Over the past decade, the ability to forecast weather and climate conditions on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales, i.e., two to fifty-two weeks in advance, has improved substantially. Although significant progress has been made, much work remains to make S2S predictions skillful enough, as well as optimally tailored and communicated, to enable widespread use. Next Generation Earth System Predictions presents a ten-year U.S. research agenda that increases the nation's S2S research and modeling capability, advances S2S forecasting, and aids in decision making at medium and extended lead times.
Download or read book Cohesive Sediments written by Neville Burt and published by . This book was released on 1997-04-03 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an alarming tendency today to assume that something calculated by a computer must be correct, yet the phrase 'garbage in, garbage out' (gigo) is possibly nowhere more (generally) appropriate than in computer modelling of cohesive sediment behaviour. The behaviour of 'mud' is highly complex and one only needs to look at a sample under a microscope to see why - the variety of particle shapes, not to mention the presence of living organisms, make it a substance with properties virtually unique to its situation which even change with time. For many years most researchers tended to avoid it, preferring to study sand and gravel, but a dedicated few tackled it and found a forum for discussing their work in the first Cohesive Sediments Workshop in Florida in 1980. The workshop met about every three years resulting in publication of some of the most definitive papers on the subject. By 1994 it was time to recognise the extensive research being carried on in Europe by holding the workshop in that region. Intercoh '94 (the 4th Nearshore and Estuarine Cohesive Sediment Transport Conference) drew together about 100 of the world's leading researchers in the field. The resulting papers, presented in this volume, truly represent the definitive state of the art on the measurement and modelling of mud properties today.
Download or read book Cohesive Sediments in Open Channels written by Emmanuel Partheniades and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2009-04-23 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Control the impact of cohesive sediments on open channels by managing the effects of silt, clay and other sediments in harbors, estuaries and reservoirs. Cohesive Sediments in Open Channels provides you with a practical framework for understanding how cohesive sediments are transported, deposited and eroded. One of the first books to approach the subject from an engineering's perspective, this book supplies insight into applying hydraulic design as well as understanding the behavior of cohesive sediments in a flow field. - Properties and of the nature and the origin of the interparticle physicochemical forces - The forces between clay particles and the process of flocculation - Processes and dynamics of flocculation and the hydrodynamic behavior of cohesive sediments - Transport processes of sediments by flowing water and related equations are first presented and explained - Deposition and resuspension of beds deposited from suspension from flowing waters - Engineering applications of the hydraulics of cohesive sediments
Download or read book Introduction to the Physics of Cohesive Sediment Dynamics in the Marine Environment written by Johan C. Winterwerp and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-08-20 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to the physical processes of cohesive sediment in the marine environment. It focuses on highly dynamic systems, such as estuaries and coastal seas. Processes on the continental shelf are also discussed and attention is given to the effects of chemistry, biology and gas.The process descriptions are based on hydrodynamic and soil mechanic principles, which integrate at the soil-water interface. This approach is substantiated through a classification scheme of sediment occurrences in which distinction is made between cohesive and granular material. Emphasis is also placed on the important interactions between turbulent flow and cohesive sediment suspensions, and on the impact of flow-induced forces on the stability of the seabed. An overview of literature on cohesive sediment dynamics is presented and a number of new developments are highlighted, in particular in relation to floc formation, settling and sedimentation, consolidation, bed failure and liquefaction and erosion of the bed. Moreover, it presents a summary on methods and techniques to measure the various sediment properties necessary to quantify the various parameters in the physical-mathematical model descriptions. A number of examples and case studies have been included.
Download or read book A Guide to Modeling Coastal Morphology written by Dano Roelvink and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Process-based morphodynamic modelling is one of the relatively new tools at the disposal of coastal scientists, engineers and managers. On paper, it offers the possibility to analyse morphological processes and to investigate the effects of various measures one might consider to alleviate some problems. For these to be applied in practice, a model should be relatively straightforward to set up. It should be accurate enough to represent the details of interest, it should run long enough and robustly to see the real effects happen, and the physical processes represented in such a way that the sediment generally goes in the right direction at the right rate. Next, practitioners must be able to judge if the patterns and outcomes of the model are realistic and finally, translate these colour pictures and vector plots to integrated parameters that are relevant to the client or end user. In a nutshell, this book provides an in-depth review of ways to model coastal processes, including many hands-on exercises.
Download or read book Estuarine Macroflocs and Their Role in Fine grained Sediment Transport written by Wim van Leussen and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 1150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sedimentary Environments written by Harold G. Reading and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-15 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sedimentary Environments is one of the most distinguished and influential textbooks in the earth sciences published in the last 20 years. The first and second editions both won universal praise and became classic works in sedimentology. Since the publication of the last edition, the study of sedimentary environments and facies has made great strides, with major advances in facies modelling, sequence stratigraphy and basin modelling. The 3rd edition of this classic text will likely set the benchmark even higher, and needless to say, will continue being the textbook of choice for sedimentology students. The latest edition of a classic text. Incorporates all the latest advances in dynamic stratigraphy. Will remain the textbook of choice for upper level undergraduate and graduate students in sedimentology.
Download or read book Computational Challenges in the Geosciences written by Clint Dawson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Challenges in the Geosciences addresses a cross-section of grand challenge problems arising in geoscience applications, including groundwater and petroleum reservoir simulation, hurricane storm surge, oceanography, volcanic eruptions and landslides, and tsunamis. Each of these applications gives rise to complex physical and mathematical models spanning multiple space-time scales, which can only be studied through computer simulation. The data required by the models is often highly uncertain, and the numerical solution of the models requires sophisticated algorithms which are mathematically accurate, computationally efficient and yet must preserve basic physical properties of the models. This volume summarizes current methodologies and future research challenges in this broad and important field.
Download or read book The Ocean Economy in 2030 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2016-04-27 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report explores the growth prospects for the ocean economy, its capacity for future employment creation and innovation, and its role in addressing global challenges. Special attention is devoted to the emerging ocean-based industries.
Download or read book Catchments and Corals written by Miles Jonathan Furnas and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides the first comprehensive description of the state of the Great Barrier Reef catchment, modern levels of runoff to the reef and the influence of runoff on coastal reef ecosystems.
Download or read book Coastal and Marine Environments written by José Simão Antunes Do Carmo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematizes the concepts of contemporary coastal zone management and suggests possible structural and non-structural management tools for decision-making processes. Some successful adaptation measures and case studies on oceanic processes and coastal protection are discussed. High-frequency communications in coastal and marine environments are also addressed.All chapters contribute relevant information and useful content to scientists and other readers interested or concerned about the lack of adequate management actions and the installation of appropriate protections or their ineffectiveness in containing coastal vulnerabilities and risks.
