Download or read book Detonation Reaction Zone Studies on TATB Explosives PBX 9502 95 written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interface velocity histories between heterogeneous detonating explosives and transparent windows, separated by a thin (13 .mu.m) aluminum shim, have been obtained with an image-intensified rotating-mirror streak camera and a Fabry-Perot velocity interferometer system. Seven TATB-based explosives were studied with PMMA windows for typically three charge lengths. Two of the explosives were also studied with LiF windows. In each case a non-steady detonation was observed, with each increasing charge length showing a corresponding increase in the interface velocity histories. Time resolution and velocity error are estimated to be about 6 ns and 2%, respectively. Numerical simulations for one of the explosives, for which a shock-strength modified Arrhenius rate law (DAGMAR) and an assumed equation of state (HOM) had been previously calibrated wth shock initiation gauge data, gave good agreement with the experimental velocity histories. 19 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented in this publication cover special problems in the field of energetic materials, particularly detonation phenomena in solids and liquids. General subject areas include shock-to-detonation transition, time resolved chemistry, initiation modeling, deflagration-to-detonation transition, equation of state and equation of state and performance, composites and emulsions, and composites and emulsions/underwater explosives, reaction zone, detonation wave propagation, hot spots, detonation products, chemistry and compositions, and special initiation.
Download or read book Reactive Flow Modeling of the Interaction of TATB Detonation Waves with Inert Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ignition & Growth model for the shock initiation and detonation of solid explosives is applied to calculating the main features of detonation waves in the triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) based high explosives LX-17, PBX 9502 and EDC-35. Under detonation conditions, TATB based explosives exhibit reaction zone lengths of 2 to 3 mm depending on the interactions between the detonation wave and the surrounding inert materials. This paper describes comparisons of Ignition & Growth calculations with data from several two- and three-dimensional experiments in which various materials are used to confine the TATB based explosives. The calculated unconfined failure diameters of PBX 9502 are normalized to the measured values at five initial temperatures. Failure diameters for LX-17 are then estimated by changing only the fraction ignited near the shock front. Fabry-Perot data on spherically divergent LX-17 snowball experiments is also compared to calculations. Calculated detonation velocities, wave front curvatures, and metal acceleration velocities are compared to experimental detonation data for TATB-based high explosives in tantalum, copper, PMMA, brass, and beryllium confinement. Three-dimensional prism failure test results on PBX 9502 are also stimulated using the ALE3D code.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Security Weaknesses at the Nuclear Weapons Laboratories written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants written by Charles L. Mader and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-10-18 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major advances, both in modeling methods and in the computing power required to make those methods viable, have led to major breakthroughs in our ability to model the performance and vulnerability of explosives and propellants. In addition, the development of proton radiography during the last decade has provided researchers with a major new experimental tool for studying explosive and shock wave physics. Problems that were once considered intractable – such as the generation of water cavities, jets, and stems by explosives and projectiles – have now been solved. Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants, Third Edition provides a complete overview of this rapidly emerging field, covering basic reactive fluid dynamics as well as the latest and most complex methods and findings. It also describes and evaluates Russian contributions to the experimental explosive physics database, which only recently have become available. This book comes with downloadable resources that contain— · FORTRAN and executable computer codes that operate under Microsoft® Windows Vista operating system and the OS X operating system for Apple computers · Windows Vista and MAC compatible movies and PowerPoint presentations for each chapter · Explosive and shock wave databases generated at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Russian Federal Nuclear Centers Charles Mader’s three-pronged approach – through text, computer programs, and animations – imparts a thorough understanding of new computational methods and experimental measuring techniques, while also providing the tools to put these methods to effective use.
Download or read book A Study of Diverging Detonation in High explosive Systems Detonation in PBX 9502 Main Charge with Two Different Booster Materials TATB and X 0407 written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initiation of an insensitive high-explosive main charge can be achieved by using a booster. The requirement for the booster high explosive should be high sensitivity rather than high energy. Using a reactive model, this study presents the evolution of detonation in PBX-9502 main charge with two different booster materials: low-density ultrafine TATB and X-0407 in a diverging configuration. 7 refs., 3 figs.
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants Second Edition written by Charles L. Mader and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-08-29 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charles Mader, a leading scientist who conducted theoretical research at Los Alamos National Laboratory for more than 30 years, sets a new standard with this reference on numerical modeling of explosives and propellants. This book updates and expands the information presented in the author's landmark work, Numerical Modeling of Detonations, published in 1979 and still in use today. Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants incorporates the considerable changes the personal computer has brought to numerical modeling since the first book was published, and includes new three-dimensional modeling techniques and new information on propellant performance and vulnerability. Both an introduction to the physics and chemistry of explosives and propellants and a guide to numerical modeling of detonation and reactive fluid dynamics, Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants offers scientists and engineers a complete picture of the current state of explosive and propellant technology and numerical modeling. The book is richly illustrated with figures that support the concepts, and filled with tables for quick access to precise data. The accompanying CD-ROM contains computer codes that are the national standard by which modeling is evaluated. Dynamic material properties data files and animation files are also included. There is no other book available today that offers this vital information.
Download or read book Detonation Reaction Zones in Condensed Explosives written by C. M. Tarver and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental measurements using nanosecond time resolved embedded gauges and laser interferometric techniques, combined with Non-Equilibrium Zeldovich--von Neumann--Doring (NEZND) theory and Ignition and Growth reactive flow hydrodynamic modeling, have revealed the average pressure/particle velocity states attained in reaction zones of self-sustaining detonation waves in several solid and liquid explosives. The time durations of these reaction zone processes is discussed for explosives based on pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), nitromethane, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), triaminitrinitrobenzene(TATB) and trinitrotoluene (TNT).
Download or read book Embedded Electromagnetic Gauge Measurements and Modeling of Shock Initiation in the TATB Based Explosives PBX 9502 and LX 17 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have completed a series of shock initiation experiments on PBX 9502 (95 weight % dry aminated TATB explosive, 5 weight % Kel-F 800 binder) and LX-17 (92.% wet aminated TATB, 7.5 % Kel-F 800). These experiments were performed on the gas/gas two stage gun at Los Alamos. Samples were prepared with ten or eleven embedded electromagnetic particle velocity gauges to measure the evolution of the wave leading up to a detonation. Additionally, one to three shock tracker gauges were used to track the position of the shock front with time and determine the point where detonation was achieved. Wave profiles indicate little delay between formation of hot-spots in the shock front and release of hotspot energy. In other words, a great deal of the buildup occurs in the shock front, rather than behind it. Run distances and times to detonation as a function of initial pressure are consistent with published data. The Ignition and Growth model with published parameters for LX-17 replicate the data very well.
Download or read book Detonation in Condensed Explosives written by James Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temperature Effects on Failure Thickness and Deflagration to detonation Transition in PBX 9502 and TATB written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deflagration-to-detonation (DDT) behavior of TATB has been investigated at high temperatures and severe confinement. comparison is made to other common explosives under similar confinement. TATB did not DDT under these conditions. The failure thickness of PBX 9502 at 250[degrees]C has also been determined. Two mm appears to be the limiting value at this temperature.
Download or read book Shock Initiation of the TATB based Explosive PBX 9502 Heated to 76C written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter 2005 written by Michael D. Furnish and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2006-08-24 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, Baltimore, Maryland USA, 2005. The volume embodies the most recent research on shock compression of condensed matter and includes 363 plenary, invited, and contributed papers, all peer-reviewed. Topics include: equations of state, phase transitions, chemical reactions, warm dense matter, fracture, geophysics and planetary science, energetic materials, optical studies, and more.
Download or read book Detonation Reaction Steps Frozen by Free Expansion and Analyzed by Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detonation reactions in small pellets of explosive are frozen by free expansion into a large vacuum chamber and analyzed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Sensitive explosives like PETN, RDX, and HMX show rapidly evolving reaction zones and mostly simple products like H[sub 2]O, CO, N[sub 2], and CO[sub 2]. Less sensitive explosives like TATB, HNS, and TNT show slower evolution of the reaction zone, and more complex products in addition to the simple ones seen in PETN. Isotopic substitution shows that the more complex products contain moderate amounts of NH[sub 3], HCN, NO, HNCO, and NO[sub 2]. Other observations include polymerization of aromatic explosive molecules, adducts to the explosive molecules, and explosive molecules with functional groups missing. The more complex products are reservoirs of unreleased energy that may affect performance.
Download or read book A Library of Prompt Detonation Reaction Zone Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tables are given listing literature data that allows calculation of sonic reaction zones at or near steady-state for promptly detonating explosive cylinders. The data covers homogeneous, heterogeneous, composite, inorganic and binary explosives and allows comparison across the entire explosive field. Table 1 lists detonation front curvatures. Table 2 lists Size Effect data, i.e. the change of detonation velocity with cylinder radius. Table 3 lists failure radii and detonation velocities. Table 4 lists explosive compositions. A total of 51 references dating back into the 1950's are given. Calculated reaction zones, radii of curvature and growth rate coefficients are listed.
Download or read book A Study on the Contribution of Slow Reaction in Detonation written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interface velocimetry and plate push experiments of the TATB-based explosives investigated so far show the presence of nonsteady detonation; namely, the initial velocity history increases with increasing explosive charge length, a condition generally attributed to the variation of effective CJ pressure. A multistage reaction model is used to simulate these experiments. For these explosives, we find that the reaction must include a slow process stage so that the numerical results can be brought into good agreement with experimental observation. 8 refs., 7 figs.
