Download or read book Determination of the Water Content of Snow by Dielectric Measurements written by Paul R. Camp and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of the Water Content of Snow by Dielectric Measurements written by Paul R. Camp and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurements of the Dielectric Properties of Wet Snow Using a Microwave Technique written by Bruce D. Sweeny and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accurate method of measuring liquid water in snow covers is required to determine the properties of wet snow. The dielectric properties of wet snow must be utilized to adequately measure its liquid water content. In this study the effect of liquid water on the complex dielectric constant of natural snow is determined in the microwave frequency range. Deloor's method for calculating the dielectric constant for mixtures and the results of waveguide experiments on samples of wet snow and glass beads are used to construct a calibration curve relating the measured dielectric loss factor directly to the water content of wet snow. The results are independent of porosity, past history and chemical impurities. A relation between the effective dielectric constant and the porosity and water content is proposed and tested experimentally. The general nature of this relation is described and suggestions are made for the development of a more precise relation. It is concluded that the dielectric constant is a function of porosity and water content only.
Download or read book On Determining the Melted Water Content of Snow by Dielectric Measurements written by Walter Ambach and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Instrument for Determination of Free Water Content of Snow Cover by Dielectric Measurement written by W. Ambach and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Laboratory Comparison of Field Techniques for Measurement of the Liquid Water Fraction of Snow written by Harold S. Boyne and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The amount and distribution of liquid water in a snow cover is important for assessing its mechanical strength, meltwater generation and meltwater transmission. It also has a profound effect on the performance of active and passive remote sensing systems operating in the microwave and millimeter wave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. New methods of measuring liquid water have been reported that show considerable promise. This report describes tests of measurement equivalence, in which are compared the three absolute methods of freezing calorimetry, alcohol calorimetry and dilution. Also compared are a capacitance snow moisture meter and one of the absolute methods. All comparisons were made in a laboratory coldroom using homogeneous snow with a mass liquid water content that varied from 0 to 14%. The comparisons show that the methods are equivalent and that the experimental errors associated with the measurements are consistent with what is expected from an error analysis of each method. However, the operational achievement of equivalence depends strongly on a variety of factors such as sample size, mixing of snow and working fluid, and operator skill. Keywords: Alcohol calorimetry tests; Dielectric snow moisture meter; Dilution tests; Freezing calorimetry tests; Laboratory tests; Liquid water fraction; Meltwater; Remote sensing; Snow cover; Snow liquid water fraction; Snow measurement; Snowmelt; Wet snow. (EDC).
Download or read book SIPRE Report written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electromagnetic moisture measurement written by Christof Hübner and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electromagnetic moisture measurement technologies have proven to be valuable tools in diverse applications. This monograph covers basic aspects of nondestructive electromagnetic methods of water content determination and relates to the associated highly multidisciplinary field of research and development. It also presents a comprehensive selection of relevant field-tested methods and instruments. The fundamentals of electromagnetic field interactions with dipolar materials are briefly discussed, with special attention towards the dielectric properties of water and aqueous solutions. A tutorial and overview of electromagnetic measurement methods is presented, including dielectric spectroscopy in broad frequency and time domains, as well as dielectric imaging techniques. This review is complemented by a demonstration of successful real-world implementations for the moisture determination of soils, snow, buildings and building materials, food and agricultural goods, as well as various industrial products. The text is completed by a guide concerning the use of reference liquids for the calibration of sensors and instrumentation and by a bibliography of more than 850 references. The monograph is useful as a reference book for researchers and engineers and as a textbook for upper-level students interested in the water content determination of materials.
Download or read book SNOW PROBE FOR IN SITU DERTERMINATION OF WETNESS AND DENSITY written by John R. Kendra, Fawwaz T. Ulaby and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Special Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CRREL Technical Publications 1950 1975 written by Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Snow and Glacier Hydrology written by P. Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-02-28 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an updated discussion of snow and glacier hydrology, drawing on the results of recent investigations. It serves as a source of reference at the senior undergraduate or beginning graduate level and stimulates further interest in this important part of the hydrologic cycle.
Download or read book Introduction to Microwave Remote Sensing written by Iain H. Woodhouse and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Microwave Remote Sensing offers an extensive overview of this versatile and extremely precise technology for technically oriented undergraduates and graduate students. This textbook emphasizes an important shift in conceptualization and directs it toward students with prior knowledge of optical remote sensing: the author dispels any linkage between microwave and optical remote sensing. Instead, he constructs the concept of microwave remote sensing by comparing it to the process of audio perception, explaining the workings of the ear as a metaphor for microwave instrumentation. This volume takes an “application-driven” approach. Instead of describing the technology and then its uses, this textbook justifies the need for measurement then explains how microwave technology addresses this need. Following a brief summary of the field and a history of the use of microwaves, the book explores the physical properties of microwaves and the polarimetric properties of electromagnetic waves. It examines the interaction of microwaves with matter, analyzes passive atmospheric and passive surface measurements, and describes the operation of altimeters and scatterometers. The textbook concludes by explaining how high resolution images are created using radars, and how techniques of interferometry can be applied to both passive and active sensors.
Download or read book Limnology and Remote Sensing written by K.Ya. Kondratyev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-05-01 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diminishing water resources are becoming of increasing concern because in many countries the sources of drinking water are close to being exhausted. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study and assess the various components of global water resources, of which freshwater lakes are one of the most important. This book discusses contemporary limnological problems on a local, regional and global scale with special emphasis on the application of remote-sensing techniques to monitor lake dynamics, thermodynamics, biodynamics and water quality. An interactive approach is used to assess various processes from both the numerical modelling and observational standpoints. The authors recommend a combined use of in situ and remote-sensing data, giving a specific comparative analysis of the lakes of north-western Russia and the American Great Lakes as an illustration. The role of GIS is discussed and emphasised.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Earth Resources written by NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CRREL Technical Publications written by Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
