Download or read book The Heat Balance of the Earth s Surface written by Mikhail Ivanovich Budyko and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of the Heat Balance of the Earth written by Charles R. Laughlin and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of the Heat Balance of the Earth written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-20 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method is developed for estimating the mean and mean-square variation of the flux at an altitude arbitrarily chosen to represent the top of the atmosphere. When applied to practical satellite measurements, the method is shown to be optimum in that the estimated mean is unbiased and the mean square variation of the estimates converges to that of the true flux. Data from the Meteor-1 and -2 satellites support the essential assumptions and provide a quantitative indication of the performance that can be expected. Laughlin, C. R. Goddard Space Flight Center NASA-TR-R-471, G-7902
Download or read book The Heat Balance of the Earth s Surface written by M.I. Budyko and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Heat Balance of the Earth s Surface written by Mikhail Ivanovich Budyko and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon in the Geobiosphere written by Fred T. Mackenzie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-12-29 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the fundamentals of the biogeochemical behavior of carbon near the Earth’s surface. It is mainly a reference text for Earth and environmental scientists. It presents an overview of the origins and behavior of the carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide, and the human effects on them. The book can also be used for a one-semester course at an intermediate to advanced level addressing the behavior of the carbon and related cycles.
Download or read book A Simple Station to Determine the Energy Balance of the Earth s Surface Using the Temperature Fluctuation Method to Measure Sensible Heat Flux written by A. F. Moene and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Observing and Modeling Earth s Energy Flows written by Lennart Bengtsson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-09-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive presentation of Earth’s energy flows and their consequences for the climate. The Earth’s climate as well as planetary climates in general, are broadly controlled by three fundamental parameters: the solar irradiance, the planetary albedo and the planetary emissivity. Space measurements indicate that these three quantities are remarkably stable. A minor decrease in planetary emissivity is consistent with theoretical calculations. This is due to the ongoing increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases making the atmosphere more opaque to long wave terrestrial radiation. As a consequence radiation processes are slightly out of balance as less heat is leaving the Earth in the form of thermal radiation than the incoming amount of heat from the sun. Present space-based systems cannot yet satisfactorily measure this imbalance, but the effect can be inferred from the measurements of the increase of heat in the oceans. Minor amounts of heat are also used to melt ice and to warm the atmosphere and the surface of the Earth. The book brings to fore the complexity of feedback processes of the Earth’s climate system and in particular the way clouds and aerosols affect the energy balance both directly and indirectly through feed-back loops driven by the dynamics of atmospheric, ocean and land surface processes. The book highlights recent scientific progress as well as remaining challenges. Previously published in Surveys in Geophysics, Volume 33, Nos. 3-4, 2012
Download or read book Global Physical Climatology written by Dennis L. Hartmann and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1994-07-06 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Physical Climatology is an introductory text devoted to the fundamental physical principles and problems of climate sensitivity and change. Addressing some of the most critical issues in climatology, this text features incisive coverage of topics that are central to understanding orbital parameter theory for past climate changes, and for anthropogenic and natural causes of near-future changes-- Key Features * Covers the physics of climate change * Examines the nature of the current climate and its previous changes * Explores the sensitivity of climate and the mechanisms by which humans are likely to produce near-future climate changes * Provides instructive end-of-chapter exercises and appendices
Download or read book Handbook of Terrestrial Heat Flow Density Determination written by R. Haenel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There comes a time in the affairs of every organization when we have to sit down and take stock of where we are and where we want to go. When the International Heat Flow Committee (as it was first called), IHFC, was formed in 1963 at the San Francisco International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics with Francis Birch as its first Chairman, the principal purpose was to stimulate work in the basic aspects of geothermics, particularly the measurement of terrestrial heat-flow density (HFD) in what were then the 'geothermally underdeveloped' areas of the world. In this, the IHFC was remarkably successful. By the beginning of the second decade of our existence, interest in the economic aspects of geothermics was increasing at a rapid pace and the IHFC served as a conduit for all aspects of geothermics and, moreover, became the group responsi ble for collecting data on all types of HFD measurements. In all the tasks that are undertaken, the IHFC relies on the enthusiasm of its members and colleagues who devote much of their time to the important but unglamorous and personally unrewarding tasks that were asked of them, and we arc fortunate that our parent institutions are usually quite tolerant of the time spent by their employees on IHFC work.
Download or read book On the Feasibility of Measuring the Earth atmosphere Energy Balance written by Michael Adam Alexander and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Climate Science written by Andreas Schmittner and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of the Atmospheric Heat Balance written by Julius London and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiative Forcing of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-03-25 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in climate are driven by natural and human-induced perturbations of the Earth's energy balance. These climate drivers or "forcings" include variations in greenhouse gases, aerosols, land use, and the amount of energy Earth receives from the Sun. Although climate throughout Earth's history has varied from "snowball" conditions with global ice cover to "hothouse" conditions when glaciers all but disappeared, the climate over the past 10,000 years has been remarkably stable and favorable to human civilization. Increasing evidence points to a large human impact on global climate over the past century. The report reviews current knowledge of climate forcings and recommends critical research needed to improve understanding. Whereas emphasis to date has been on how these climate forcings affect global mean temperature, the report finds that regional variation and climate impacts other than temperature deserve increased attention.
Download or read book Climate Change written by The Royal Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change: Evidence and Causes is a jointly produced publication of The US National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society. Written by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists and reviewed by climate scientists and others, the publication is intended as a brief, readable reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and other individuals seeking authoritative information on the some of the questions that continue to be asked. Climate Change makes clear what is well-established and where understanding is still developing. It echoes and builds upon the long history of climate-related work from both national academies, as well as on the newest climate-change assessment from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It touches on current areas of active debate and ongoing research, such as the link between ocean heat content and the rate of warming.
Download or read book Contributions to the International Geophysical Year 1957 58 written by Ernst Frankenberger and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Deutscher Wetterdienst, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hamburg, has carried out during the International Geophysical Year 1957/58, measurements of the components of the heat balance of the earth's surface daily above grassy soil at Quickborn near Hamburg and in turn above test fields of bare soil, with stubbles, potatoes, rye, clover, oats, and turnips lying 20 km north near Lentfohrden/Heidmoor, which belong to the Institute for the cultivation of fodder-plants of the Federal Authority for dairy products. The observations of Lentfohrden allow to deduct some laws on the radiation balance, evapotranspiration and the flux of surface temperature in fields of some frequency in the region which serve as a basis to estimate the mean components of the heat balance in Schleswig-Holstein. Forestry areas have been taken into account by comparing the evaporation measurements by Baumgartner with the evaporation of grassy soil observed under equal meteorological conditions.
Download or read book The Changing Flow of Energy Through the Climate System written by Kevin E. Trenberth and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-13 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elegant, novel explanation of climate change, emphasizing physical understanding and concepts, while avoiding complex mathematics, supported by excellent color illustrations.
