Download or read book Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples by Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography written by Ruchaya Boonyatumanond and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Chromatography written by Hamir S. Rathore and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-05-27 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Chromatography provides a detailed description of significant aspects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The sources, occurrence, nomenclature, and carcinogenicity of PAHs are covered, and a comprehensive record of data of sample preparation, detection, separation, determination, and characterization of PAHs by liquid chromatography is presented. The book also summarizes extraction and enrichment procedures (e.g., Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, liquid-liquid partitioning); presents data from paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, and electrophoresis of PAHs; and discusses the methodology and applications of extrography in analyzing complex aromatic materials. Handbook of Chromatography also provides a PAHs book directory and a list of suppliers of PAHs and HPLC columns. The volume will be an essential reference for analytical chemists, environmental toxicologists, organic chemists, biomedical specialists, and biotechnicians.
Download or read book Water Quality Determination of 15 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAH in Water by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection After Liquid Liquid Extraction written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2002-09-17 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water, Quality, Water testing, Chemical analysis and testing, Determination of content, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Liquid chromatography, Extraction methods of analysis, Fluorescence, Potable water, Ground water
Download or read book Water Quality Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAH Determination of Six Pah by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection After Liquid Liquid Extraction written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2005-08-01 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water, Quality, Water testing, Chemical analysis and testing, Determination of content, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Potable water, Ground water, Surface water, Mineral water, Chromatography, Liquid chromatography, Fluorimetry, Extraction methods of analysis
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water by Sep pak Cartridges Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography written by Roger D. Sinram and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Method Development and Monitoring of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Selected U S Waters written by Jitendra Saxena and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Pressure Liquid Chromatography for the Measurement of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water written by R. Kent Sorrell and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Quality Determination of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAH in Whole Water Samples Method Using Solid Phase Extraction SPE with SPE Disks Combined with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry GC MS written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 1915-09-30 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water, Quality, Water testing, Chemical analysis and testing, Determination of content, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Potable water, Chromatography, Thin-layer chromatography, Fluorimetry, Extraction methods of analysis
Download or read book Water Quality Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAH Determination of Six Pah by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection After Liquid Liquid Extraction written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2005-08-01 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water, Quality, Water testing, Chemical analysis and testing, Determination of content, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Potable water, Chromatography, Thin-layer chromatography, Fluorimetry, Extraction methods of analysis
Download or read book PAHs written by Peter E. T. Douben and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-25 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), or polyarenes, are one of the largest and most structurally diverse class of organic molecules known. High percentages of polyarenes, representing a wide range of molecular sizes and structural types, are present in coal tars and petroleum residues. The major sources of PAHs are crude oil, coal and oil shale. The fuels produced from these fossil sources constitute the primary source of energy for the industrial nations of the world, and the petrochemicals from these raw materials are the basis of the synthetic fibre and plastics industries. PAHs are however, widespread pollutants and their impact on the environment and human health must be monitored and controlled. This book will review and assess our scientific understanding of the ecological exposure and effects PAHs have in different environments and habitats. It will accomplish this by taking the recipients of the pollution in the environment as starting points and working its way back through pathways to access what is required for our understanding of effects and rationale for control. Although this book will concentrate on ecological exposure of PAHs, the general impacts of PAHs on human populations will be touched upon. It is thought to be the first book to focus on the ecological aspects of PAHs.
Download or read book Novel Improvements on the Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Metabolites written by Wang Huiyong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are important environmental pollutants originating from a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Because many of them are highly suspect as etiological agents in human cancer, chemical analysis of PAH is of great environmental and toxicological importance. Current methodology for PAH follows the classical pattern of sample preparation and chromatographic analysis. Sample preparation pre-concentrates PAH, simplifies matrix composition, and facilitates analytical resolution in the chromatographic column. Among the several approaches that exist to pre-concentrate PAH from water samples, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are the basis for standard PAH identification and determination. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption and room temperature fluorescence detection are both widely used in HPLC, but the specificity of these detectors is modest. Since PAH identification is solely based on retention times, unambiguous PAH identification requires complete chromatographic resolution of sample components. When HPLC is applied to "unfamiliar" samples, the EPA recommends that a supporting analytical technique such as GC-MS be applied to verify compound identification and to check peak-purity HPLC fractions. Independent of the volume of extracted water, the approximate time required to separate and determine the sixteen "priority pollutants" (EPA-PAH) via HPLC is approximately 60min. If additional GC-MS analysis is required for unambiguous PAH determination, the total analysis time will reach 2-3 hours per sample. If the concentrations of target species are found to lie outside the detector's response range, the sample must be diluted and the process repeated. These are important considerations when routine analysis of numerous samples is contemplated. Parent PAH are relatively inert and need metabolic activation to express their carcinogenicity. By virtue of the rich heterogeneous distribution of metabolic products they produce, PAH provide a full spectrum of the complexity associated with understanding the initial phase of carcinogenesis. PAH metabolites include a variety of products such as expoxides, hydroxyl aromatics, quinines, dihydrodiols, dioepoxides, tetrols and water soluble conjugates. During the past decades tremendous efforts have been made to develop bio-analytical techniques that possess the selectivity and sensitivity for the problem at hand. Depending on the complexity of the sample and the relative concentrations of the targeted metabolites, a combination of sample preparation techniques is often necessary to reach the limits of detection of the instrumental method of analysis. The numerous preparation steps open ample opportunity to metabolite loss and collection of inaccurate data. Separation of metabolites has been accomplished via HPLC, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and GC-MS. Unfortunately, the existence of chemically related metabolic products with virtually identical fragmentation patterns often challenges the specificity of these techniques. This dissertation presents significant improvements in various fronts. Its first original component--which we have named solid-phase nano-extraction (SPNE)--deals with the use of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as extracting material for PAH. The advantages of SPNE are demonstrated for the analysis of PAH in water samples via both HPLC and Laser-Excited Time-Resolved Shpol'skii Spectroscopy (LETRSS). The same concept is then extended to the analysis of monohydroxy-PAH in urine samples via SPE- HPLC and In-Capillary SPNE-CE. The second original component of this dissertation describes the application of Shpol'skii Spectroscopy to the analysis of polar PAH metabolites. The outstanding selectivity and sensitivity for the direct analysis of PAH at trace concentration levels has made Shpol'skii spectroscopy a leading technique in environmental analysis. Unfortunately, the requirement of a specific guest-host combination--typically a non-polar PAH dissolved in an n-alkane-- has hindered its widespread application to the field of analytical chemistry. This dissertation takes the first steps in removing this limitation demonstrating its feasibility for the analysis of polar benzopyrene metabolites in alcohol matrixes.
Download or read book Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Tobacco Related Samples Via High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Laser Excited Time Resolved Shpol Skii Spectroscopy written by Ahmed Comas and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to cigarette smoke is well known. It is also known that PAHs are not inherent components of tobacco. Their presence in cigarette smoke results from the curing process of tobacco leaves used for the fabrication of cigarettes and the incomplete combustion of tobacco during the smoking process. The two chromatographic versions of EPA method 610 are popular approaches for the analysis of PAHs in a wide variety of samples. This method, which is based either on High-Performance Liquid-Chromatography (HPLC) or Gas-Chromatography (GC) has shown the presence of Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in tobacco samples and cigarette smoke. B[a]P is the most toxic PAH in the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) priority pollutant list.
Download or read book Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Sediments by High performance Liquid Chromatography After Microwave assisted Extraction with Micellar Media written by V. Pino and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigations Into the Extraction and the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs from Water by Solid phase Extraction and Capillary Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry written by Mohamed Elrutb and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Factors affecting the detennination of PAHs by capillary GC/MS were studied. The effect of the initial column temperature and the injection solvent on the peak areas and heights of sixteen PAHs, considered as priority pollutants, USillg crosslinked methyl silicone (DB!) and 5% diphenyl, 94% dimethyl, 1% vinyl polysiloxane (DBS) columns was examined. The possibility of using high boiling point alcohols especially butanol, pentanol, cyclopentanol, and hexanol as injection solvents was investigated. Studies were carried out to optimize the initial column temperature for each of the alcohols. It was found that the optimum initial column temperature is dependent on the solvent employed. The peak areas and heights of the PAHs are enhanced when the initial column temperature is 10-20 c above the boiling point of the solvent using DB5 column, and the same or 10 C above the boiling point of the solvent using DB1 column. Comparing the peak signals of the PAHs using the alcohols, p-xylene, n-octane, and nonane as injection solvents, hexanol gave the greatest peak areas and heights of the PAHs particularly the late-eluted peaks. The detection limits were at low pg levels, ranging from 6.0 pg for fluorene t9 83.6 pg for benzo(a)pyrene. The effect of the initial column temperature on the peak shape and the separation efficiency of the PARs was also studied using DB1 and DB5 columns. Fronting or splitting of the peaks was obseIVed at very low initial column temperature. When high initial column temperature was used, tailing of the peaks appeared. Great difference between DB! and.DB5 columns in the range of the initial column temperature in which symmetrical.peaks of PAHs can be obtained is observed. Wider ranges were shown using DB5 column. Resolution of the closely-eluted PAHs was also affected by the initial column temperature depending on the stationary phase employed. In the case of DB5, only the earlyeluted PAHs were affected; whereas, with DB1, all PAHs were affected. An analytical procedure utilizing solid phase extraction with bonded phase silica (C8) cartridges combined with GC/MS was developed to analyze PAHs in water as an alternative method to those based on the extraction with organic solvent. This simple procedure involved passing a 50 ml of spiked water sample through C8 bonded phase silica cartridges at 10 ml/min, dried by passing a gentle flow of nitrogen at 20 ml/min for 30 sec, and eluting the trapped PAHs with 500 Jll of p-xylene at 0.3 ml/min. The recoveries of PAHs were greater than 80%, with less than 10% relative standard deviations of nine determinations. No major contaminants were present that could interfere with the recognition of PAHs. It was also found that these bonded phase silica cartridges can be re-used for the extraction of PAHs from water.
Download or read book Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Incineration Emission Samples written by Robert Cebula and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stack emissions from five sources (one pulverized coal combustion operation, three sewage sludge incineration operations and one gray tin refractory operation) were sampled by use of U.S. EPA Modified Method 5 isokinetic sampling unit for vapor and particulate effluent. The sampling unit provided XAD-2 resin samples, polytetrafluoroethylene and glass fiber filters and impinger washings of dichloromethane. The resins were soxhlet extracted using dichloromethane (DCM) and the filters were soxhlet extracted using DCM followed by acetone. Fractionation of extracts was accomplished by thin layer chromatography. The resulting fractions were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitro-PAH and quinone-PAH by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Extractable organic matter (EOM) was also determined with a [sic] electrobalance. XAD samples from a gray tin refractory, and three sewage sludge incinerators higher molecular weight PAH. The volatility of the low MW PAH was responsible for the high concentration found in the resins. The lower boiling point of the higher MW PAH and the stronger association of high MW PAH with fly ash are reasons for their presence in the filter samples. No nitro-PAH or quinone-PAH compounds were detected in the emission samples. Of the four XAD resins analyzed for B(a)P by fluorescence scanning three samples showed very similar results. Concentrations from the three sources resulted from two different operations. Comparison of the HPLC results for B(a)P and fluorescence scanning of selected XAD resins have not resulted in good agreement. Phthalates tend to interfere with the HPLC chromatogram in the area where B(a)P elutes. This most likely is the reason for the disagreement. Tetrachloro-p-dibenzodioxin was observed in the resin and washings of the Parsippany Troy Hills source (sewer sludge incinerator). Heptachloro-p-dibenzodioxin was observed in the filter samples of the PSE & G source (coal combustion). The higher chlorinated species seem to form a stronger association with the particulate and a weaker association with the lower chlorinated species.
Download or read book Water Quality Determination of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAH in Water Method Using Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection GC MS written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 1911-08-31 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water, Quality, Water testing, Chemical analysis and testing, Determination of content, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Extraction methods of analysis, Potable water, Ground water, Wastes
