EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

Book Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Ratios by Using Low energy Gamma ray Spectroscopy

Download or read book Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Ratios by Using Low energy Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A nondestructive gamma-ray technique has been developed to determine plutonium isotopic ratios. The technique is based on the high-intensity, low-energy gamma rays at 43.48, 45.23, 51.63, 59.54, and 64.83 keV for 238Pu, 24°Pu, 239Pu, 241Am, and 241Pu, respectively. The results demonstrate that this technique can accurately measure plutonium samples in a timely manner and in a wide range of masses, isotopic contents, chemical forms, and ages from chemical processing.

Book Low level Determination of Plutonium by Gamma and L X ray Spectroscopy

Download or read book Low level Determination of Plutonium by Gamma and L X ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have developed an analytical method for detection of 239Pu in aqueous samples at concentrations as low as 10−1° M. This nuclear counting technique utilizes the uranium L X-rays, which follow the alpha decay of plutonium. Because L X-rays are specific for the element and not for the individual isotopes, the isotopic composition of the plutonium sample must be known. The counting efficiency in the 11--23 keV range is determined from a plutonium standard, and the concentration of the sample is then calculated from the L X-ray count and the isotopic composition. The total L X-ray count is corrected for possible contributions from other radionuclides present as impurities by measuring the low-energy gamma spectrum for each contaminant to establish specific photon/X-ray ratios. The ratios are important when 241Pu and 242Pu are measured, because the respective decay chain members produce non-U L X-rays. This new method can replace the use of labor-intensive radiochemical separation techniques and elaborate activation methods for analysis of 239Pu in aqueous samples. It is also applicable for assaying plutonium in liquid wastes that pose possible hazards to the environment.

Book Full Range MGA Plutonium Isotopic Analysis Using Single Ge Detector

Download or read book Full Range MGA Plutonium Isotopic Analysis Using Single Ge Detector written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gamma-Ray multi-group analysis code MGA developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been widely used in the area of gamma-ray non-destructive plutonium assay. This plutonium isotopic analysis code de-convolutes the complicated, 100-keV x-ray and gamma-ray region to obtain the ratio of Pu isotopes. Calibration of the detector efficiency is not required, but is determined intrinsically from the measured spectra. The code can either analyze low-energy gamma-ray spectrum taken using a high-resolution HPGe detector for energies below 300 keV, or analyze the low-energy spectrum combined with a high-energy spectrum (up to 1 MeV) in the two-detector analysis mode. In the latter case, the use of two detectors has been mandated by the conflicting requirements: excellent resolution at low energies (characteristic of small planar detectors) with good high-energy efficiency (characteristic of coaxial detectors). Usually, a high-energy spectrum taken using a coaxial Ge detector will not provide sufficient energy resolution for 100-keV plutonium isotopic analysis, while the small planar used at low energies has inadequate high-energy efficiency. An optimized-geometry ORTEC HPGe detector has been developed which combines good energy resolution at 100 keV combined with acceptable high-energy ((almost equal to) 1 MeV) efficiency in a single detector. It has been used to gather spectra of both low- and high-energy regions of plutonium spectra simultaneously, for analysis by MGA in the two-detector mode. Five Pu gamma-ray calibration standard sources were used in this study of this special detector.

Book Plutonium Isotopic Analysis in the 30 KeV to 210 KeV Range

Download or read book Plutonium Isotopic Analysis in the 30 KeV to 210 KeV Range written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-Energy Gamma-ray Spectroscopy (LEGS) is a nondestructive assay (NDA) technique developed in the 1980s. In 1999, it was modified to include a physical-based model for the energy dependent efficiency. It uses the gamma rays in the energy range from approximately 30 keV to 210 keV, except the 100-keV region. This energy region provides intense, well-separated gamma rays from the principal isotopes of plutonium. For applications involving small quantities (mg to g) of freshly separated plutonium in various chemical forms, it is ideally suited for accurate real-time or near real-time isotopic analysis. Since the last modification, LEGS has been incorporated into the FRAM code (Fixed-energy Response-function Analysis with Multiple efficiency), version 4. FRAM v4 is capable of analyzing the peaks in the whole energy range from 30 keV to 1 MeV, including the X-ray region. The new capability of analyzing the peaks in the 100-keV region greatly enhances the plutonium analysis in the 30 keV to 2 10 keV ranges of the traditional LEGS. We now can analyze both the freshly separated and aged plutonium with greater accuracy.

Book PLUTONIUM ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS WITH FRAM V4 IN THE LOW ENERGY REGION

Download or read book PLUTONIUM ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS WITH FRAM V4 IN THE LOW ENERGY REGION written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-Energy Gamma-ray Spectroscopy (LEGS) is a nondestructive assay (NDA) technique developed in the 1980s. In 1999, it was modified to include a physical-based model for the energy dependent efficiency. It uses the gamma rays in the energy range from approximately 30 keV to 210 keV, except the 100-keV region. This energy region provides intense, well-separated gamma rays from the principal isotopes of plutonium. For applications involving small quantities (mg to g) of freshly separated plutonium in various chemical forms, it is ideally suited for accurate real-time or near real-time isotopic analysis. Since the last modification, LEGS has been incorporated into the FRAM code (Fixed-energy Response-function Analysis with Multiple efficiency), version 4. FRAM v4 is capable of analyzing the peaks in the whole energy range from 30 keV to 1 MeV, including the X-ray region. The new capability of analyzing the peaks in the 100-keV region greatly enhances the plutonium analysis in the 30 keV to 210 keV ranges of the traditional LEGS. We now can analyze both the freshly separated and aged plutonium with greater accuracy.

Book Feasibility Study of Plutonium Isotopic Analysis of Resin Beads by Nondestructive Gamma ray Spectroscopy

Download or read book Feasibility Study of Plutonium Isotopic Analysis of Resin Beads by Nondestructive Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have initiated a feasibility study on the use of nondestructive low-energy gamma-ray spectroscopy for plutonium isotopic analysis on resin beads. Seven resin bead samples were measured, with each sample containing an average of 9 .mu.g of plutonium; the isotopic compositions of the samples varied over a wide range. The gamma-ray spectroscopy results, obtained from 4-h counting-time measurements, were compared with mass spectrometry results. The average ratios of gamma-ray spectroscopy to mass spectrometry were 1.014 +- 0.025 for 238Pu/239Pu, 0.996 +- 0.018 for 24°Pu/239Pu, and 0.980 +- 0.038 for 241Pu/239Pu. The rapid, automated, and accurate nondestructive isotopic analysis of resin beads may be very useful to process technicians and International Atomic Energy Agency inspectors. 3 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.

Book Uranium and Plutonium Isotopic Analysis Using MGA

Download or read book Uranium and Plutonium Isotopic Analysis Using MGA written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory develops sophisticated gamma-ray analysis codes for the isotopic analysis of nuclear materials based on the principles used in the original MultiGroup Analysis (MGA) code. Over the years, the MGA methodology has been upgraded and expanded far beyond its original capabilities and is now comprised of a suite of codes known as MGA++. The early MGA code analyzed Pu gamma-ray data collected with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors to yield Pu isotopic ratios. While the original MGA code relied solely on the lower-energy gamma rays (around 100 keV), the most recent addition to the MGA++ code suite, MGAHI, analyzes Pu data using higher-energy gamma rays (200 keV and higher) and is particulatly useful for Pu samples - that are enclosed in thick-walled containers. The MGA++ suite also includes capabilities to perform U isotopic analysis on data collected with either HPGe or cadmium-zinc-tellutide (CZT) detectors. These codes are commercially available and are known as U235 and CZTU, respectively. A graphical user interface has also been developed for viewing the data and the fitting procedure. In addition, we are developing new codes that will integrate into the MGA++ suite. These will include Pu isotopic analysis capabilities for data collected with CZT detectors, U isotopic analysis with HPGe detectors which utilizes only higher energy gamma rays, and isotopic analyses on mixtures of Pu and U.

Book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials

Download or read book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Doug Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Composition by Gamma ray Spectroscopy

Download or read book Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Composition by Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We discuss the general approach, computerized data analysis methods, and results of measurements used to determine the isotopic composition of plutonium by gamma-ray spectroscopy. The simple techniques are designed to be applicable to samples of arbitrary size, geometry, age, chemical, and isotopic composition. The combination of the gamma spectroscopic measurement of isotopic composition coupled with calorimetric measurement of total sample power is shown to give a totally nondestructive determination of sample plutonium mass with a precision of 0.6% for 1000-g samples of PuO2 with 12% 24°Pu content. The precision of isotopic measurements depends upon many factors, including sample size, sample geometry, and isotopic content. Typical ranges are found to be 238Pu, 1 to 10%; 239Pu, 0.1 to 0.5%; 24°Pu, 2 to 5%; 241Pu, 0.3 to 0.7%; 242Pu (determined by isotopic correlation); and 241Am, 0.2 to 10%.

Book Isotopic Ratios and Effective Power Determined by Gamma ray Spectroscopy Vs Mass Spectroscopy for Molten Salt Extraction Residues

Download or read book Isotopic Ratios and Effective Power Determined by Gamma ray Spectroscopy Vs Mass Spectroscopy for Molten Salt Extraction Residues written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impure plutonium metal is routinely processed by molten salt extraction (MSE) to reduce the amount of americium in the metal product. Throughput at various facilities where similar processes are performed has made it essential to evaluate uncertainties and possible discrepancies in the analyses of these difficult MSE materials. In an effort to evaluate the plutonium isotopic ratios and americium concentrations obtained from gamma-ray spectral data analyzed by the computer code GRPAUT, measurements were made on ten MSE salts as received and after pulverization and blending. These results were then compared to the specific powers obtained from isotopic ratios determined by mass spectrometry on these same ten samples. Americium values ranged from a few thousand parts-per-million of total plutonium to greater than 50,000 ppM. Our results indicate a small discrepancy between specific powers as determined by GRPAUT on as received'' vs pulverized and blended MSE salts. The specific powers obtained via GRPAUT on the pulverized salts agree somewhat better with specific powers obtained from the mass spectroscopy data. This work may indicate that a small discrepancy exists in the specific powers by using GRPAUT on heterogeneous, high americium samples. 5 refs., 6 tabs.

Book Plutonium Isotopic Analysis of Nondescript Samples by Gamma ray Spectrometry

Download or read book Plutonium Isotopic Analysis of Nondescript Samples by Gamma ray Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A gamma-ray spectrometry system has been developed for the Savannah River Plant that when coupled with calorimetry will allow a complete nondestructive assay of various plutonium product and waste materials contained in sealed cans. The computer-based system employs two germanium detectors to obtain spectral information that is analyzed in a unique fashion to obtain plutonium isotopic ratios.

Book Gamma ray Isotopic Ratio Measurements for the Plutonium Inventory Verification Program

Download or read book Gamma ray Isotopic Ratio Measurements for the Plutonium Inventory Verification Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Plutonium Inventory Verification Program at Mound Laboratory provides a nondestructive means of assaying bulk plutonium-bearing material. The assay is performed by combining the calorimetrically determined heat output of the sample and the relative abundances of the heat-producing isotopes. This report describes the method used for the nondestructive determination of plutonium-238, -240, -241 and americium-241 relative to plutonium-239 using gamma-ray spectroscopy for 93 percent plutonium-239 material. Comparison of chemical data on aliquots of samples to the nondestructive data shows accuracies of +-7 percent for 238Pu/239Pu, +-15 percent for 24°Pu/239Pu, +- 3 percent for 241Pu/239Pu, and +-7 percent for 241Am/239Pu.