Download or read book Determination of Plutonium in Seawater Using Co precipitation and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry with Ultrasonic Nebulisation written by A. E. Eroglu and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plutonium Bioassay by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ICP written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The determination of plutonium in urine poses several analytical challenges, e.g., detectability, matrix, etc. We have investigated the feasibility of analyzing plutonium in processed urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). The urine samples are first spiked with [sup 244]Pu as a tracer and internal standard, then processed by co-precipitation and column chromatography using TRU-Spec[trademark], an extraction resin. By enhancing ICP/MS detection capabilities via improved sample introduction and data acquisition efficiencies, an instrumental detection limit of 5 to 50 fg (0.3 to 3 fCi for [sup 239]pu) is typically obtained, depending on the desired degree of quantitation. A brief summary of the analytical method as well as the basis for measuring radionuclides by ICP/MS are submitted; the separation procedure, methods of sample introduction, and data acquisition techniques are then highlighted.
Download or read book Sample Introduction Systems in ICPMS and ICPOES written by Diane Beauchemin and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2020-03-15 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sample Introduction Systems in ICPMS and ICPOES provides an in-depth analysis of sample introduction strategies, including flow injection analysis and less common techniques, such as arc/spark ablation and direct sample insertion. The book critically evaluates what has been accomplished so far, along with what can be done to extend the capabilities of the technique for analyses of any type of sample, such as aqueous, gaseous or solid. The latest progress made in fields, such as FIA, ETV, LC-ICP-MS and CE-ICP-MS is included and critically discussed. The book addresses problems related to the optimization of the system, peak dispersion and calibration and automatization. - Provides contributions from recognized experts that give credibility to each chapter as a reference source - Presents a single source, providing the big picture for ICPMS and ICPOES - Covers theory, methods, selected applications and discrete sampling techniques - Includes access to core data for practical work, comparison of results and decision-making
Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by Clemens Walther and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides extensive and comprehensive information to researchers and academicians who are interested in radionuclide contamination, its sources and environmental impact. It is also useful for graduate and undergraduate students specializing in radioactive-waste disposal and its impact on natural as well as manmade environments. A number of sites are affected by large legacies of waste from the mining and processing of radioactive minerals. Over recent decades, several hundred radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of natural elements have been produced artificially, including 90Sr, 137Cs and 131I. Several other anthropogenic radioactive elements have also been produced in large quantities, for example technetium, neptunium, plutonium and americium, although plutonium does occur naturally in trace amounts in uranium ores. The deposition of radionuclides on vegetation and soil, as well as the uptake from polluted aquifers (root uptake or irrigation) are the initial point for their transfer into the terrestrial environment and into food chains. There are two principal deposition processes for the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere: dry deposition is the direct transfer through absorption of gases and particles by natural surfaces, such as vegetation, whereas showery or wet deposition is the transport of a substance from the atmosphere to the ground by snow, hail or rain. Once deposited on any vegetation, radionuclides are removed from plants by the airstre am and rain, either through percolation or by cuticular scratch. The increase in biomass during plant growth does not cause a loss of activity, but it does lead to a decrease in activity concentration due to effective dilution. There is also systemic transport (translocation) of radionuclides within the plant subsequent to foliar uptake, leading the transfer of chemical components to other parts of the plant that have not been contaminated directly.
Download or read book Soil and Environmental Analysis written by Keith A. Smith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-10-15 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluating traditional and recent analytical methods according to speed, sensitivity, and cost-efficiency, this reference supports specialists in the selection of effective analytical techniques and equipment for the study of soils, soil contaminants, and environmental samples. Updated and revised, this Third Edition illustrates the advantages, limitations, range, and challenges of the major analytical approaches utilized in modern research laboratories. It includes new chapters and expanded discussions of the measurement of organic pollutants in the environment and gas fluxes between the land surface and atmosphere, and an extensive range of environmental materials.
Download or read book High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for the Trace Determination of Plutonium Isotope Ratios in Environmental Samples written by S. Sturup and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discrete Sample Introduction Techniques for Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry written by D. Beauchemin and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 2000 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book starts with a detailed description of ICP-MS, including quadruple-based, sector-based and time-of-flight instruments. Instrumentation from existing manufacturers is described and compared to show their similarities and differences. Also, a review of the ICP-MS literature is carried out to outline both the strengths and limitations of the technique, whatever its brand, as well as what it can currently accomplish in terms of applications. Then, the book demonstrates how these limitations can be reduced and/or eliminated by combining various techniques with ICP-MS. Great detail is provided on each technique so that the reader can get a good understanding of it before carrying on to the instrumental requirements for its hyphenation to ICP-MS, and the resulting impact on the operation of the hyphenated instrument. Since this book is concerned with the ICP side only, which is fairly similar in all the instruments from the different manufacturers, the information should be useful to all ICP-MS users. The features and limitations of each technique are thoroughly discussed and illustrated with a review of the ICP-MS literature. Approaches which could be used but have not yet been tried with ICP-MS are also suggested. This is particularly true of flow injection techniques which are extremely flexible and have been used extensively in atomic spectroscopy and spectrophotometry. Many of the features of the technique have not yet been combined to ICP-MS, and one purpose of the book will be to point out potentially beneficial combinations.
Download or read book Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Plutonium Samples written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of Plutonium in Urine written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass spectroscopy has the distinct advantage of detecting atoms rather than radioactive decay products for nuclides of low specific activity. Electrothermal vaporization (ETV) is an efficient means of introducing small volumes of prepared samples into an inductively coupled mass spectrometer to achieve the lowest absolute detection limits. The operational characteristics and capabilities of electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled mass spectrometer mass spectroscopy were evaluated. We describe its application as a detection method for determining Pu in urine, in conjunction with a preliminary separation technique to avoid matrix suppression of the signal.
Download or read book RAPID DETERMINATION OF 237 NP AND PU ISOTOPES IN WATER BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ALPHA SPECTROMETRY written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new method that allows rapid preconcentration and separation of plutonium and neptunium in water samples was developed for the measurement of 237Np and Pu isotopes by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and alpha spectrometry; a hybrid approach. 238U can interfere with 239Pu measurement by ICP-MS as 238UH mass overlap and 237Np via peak tailing. The method provide enhanced removal of uranium by separating Pu and Np initially on TEVA Resin, then moving Pu to DGA resin for additional removal of uranium. The decontamination factor for uranium from Pu is almost 100,000 and the decontamination factor for U from Np is greater than 10,000. This method uses stacked extraction chromatography cartridges and vacuum box technology to facilitate rapid separations. Preconcentration is performed using a streamlined calcium phosphate precipitation method. Purified solutions are split between ICP-MS and alpha spectrometry so that long and short-lived Pu isotopes can be measured successfully. The method allows for simultaneous extraction of 20 samples (including QC samples) in 4 to 6 hours, and can also be used for emergency response. 239Pu, 242Pu and 237Np were measured by ICP-MS, while 236Pu, 238Pu, and 239Pu were measured by alpha spectrometry.
Download or read book Handbook of Water Analysis written by Leo M.L. Nollet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-06-27 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work details water sampling and preservation methods by enumerating the different ways to measure physical, chemical, organoleptical, and radiological characteristics. It provides step-by-step descriptions of separation, residue determination, and cleanup techniques for a variety of fresh- and salt-waters. It also discusses information regarding the analysis and detection of bacteria and algae.
Download or read book The Separation and Determination of Plutonium in Sea Water and Marine Organisms written by K. C. Pillai and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Standard Test Method for the Determination of Impurities in Plutonium Metal written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EXAMINE THE USE OF INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETER FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PLUTONIUM ACTIVITY written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plutonium-236 used by 222-S Laboratory as a tracer for plutonium analysis is not always available at the activity level required. This test plan provides a general overview of the methods and materials to be investigated as an alternate methodology for the determination of plutonium activity in a various sample matrices. The separation of plutonium and uranium is of prime consideration as well as the use of Pu-244 as a mass tracer.
Download or read book Determination of tin in sea water by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using direct sample insertion written by S. Gamaury and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Simple Solvent Extraction and Ultrasonic Nebulization for Simultaneous Determination of Trace Metals in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry written by A. Miyazaki and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of Instrumental Methods Used in the Determination of Uranium and Plutonium written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For fast, reliable determination of U and Pu concentrations in samples, ICP/AES (inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectrometry) and alpha counting can be used. Data show that ICP/AES or alpha counting can be used to obtain high-quality results for Pu determination. When high accuracy is needed for mass balance, however, MSID (mass spectrometric isotope dilution) is the better choice. Also, ICP/AES is a poor method to use for Pu determination, when samples contain large amounts of spectrally interfering elements, such as U, rare earths, and Zr. In these cases, if ICP/AES is used, chemical separation of Pu is needed prior to analysis, or the alpha counting method can be used. Because of the poor sensitivity for U in ICP/AES, use of MSID is the only practical method for samples low in uranium.
