Download or read book Determination of Heterotrophic Active Bacteria in Activated Sludge Using Novel Molecular Techniques written by F. Holder-Snyman and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of the Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Active Biomass During Activated Sludge Respirometric Batch Assays Using Molecular Techniques written by Arshad Ismail and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Report written by South Africa. Water Research Commission and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Ecology of Activated Sludge written by Robert Seviour and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-15 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial Ecology of Activated Sludge, written for both microbiologists and engineers, critically reviews our current understanding of the microbiology of activated sludge, the most commonly used process for treating both domestic and industrial wastes. The contributors are all internationally recognized as leading research workers in activated sludge microbiology, and all have made valuable contributions to our present understanding of the process. The book pays particular attention to how the application of molecular methods has changed our perceptions of the identity of the filamentous bacteria causing the operational disorders of bulking and foaming, and the bacteria responsible for nitrification and denitrification and phosphorus accumulation in nutrient removal processes. Special attention is given to how it is now becoming possible to relate the composition of the community of microbes present in activated sludge, and the in situ function of individual populations there, and how such information might be used to manage and control these systems better. Detailed descriptions of some of these molecular methods are provided to allow newcomers to this field of study an opportunity to apply them in their research. Comprehensive descriptions of organisms of interest and importance are also given, together with high quality photos of activated sludge microbes. Activated sludge processes have been used globally for nearly 100 years, and yet we still know very little of how they work. In the past 15 years the advent of molecular culture independent methods of study have provided tools enabling microbiologists to understand which organisms are present in activated sludge, and critically, what they might be doing there. Microbial Ecology of Activated Sludge will be the first book available to deal comprehensively with the very exciting new information from applying these methods, and their impact on how we now view microbiologically mediated processes taking place there. As such it will be essential reading for microbial ecologists, environmental biotechnologists and engineers involved in designing and managing these plants. It will also be suitable for postgraduate students working in this field.
Download or read book Molecular based Analysis and Monitoring of Microbial Groups in Activated Sludge to Advance the Knowledge of Biological Processes in Wastewater Treatment written by Phillip Bernard Gedalanga and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater treatment has often depended on the activated sludge process to remove chemical or biochemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, and/or phosphorus from influent wastes. Treatment efficiency is dependent on microorganisms that are responsible for the oxidation of different substrates in these waters. Currently, biomass estimations at the full-scale level are based on suspended solids concentrations of the mixed liquor in the activated sludge process. This research was conducted under the hypothesis that the substitution of biomass represented as suspended solids for microbial quantities enumerated using molecular methodologies will advance the knowledge of biological processes in wastewater treatment. The primary objective was to determine relationships among specific bacterial abundance and physicochemical parameters that improve the treatment efficiency of activated sludge. DNA amplification technologies allow direct quantification of bacteria, which is the basis for population assessment in this research. Data collection consisted of physicochemical and biological analysis from the activated sludge process in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. A number of treatment quality parameters were related to the abundance of total bacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and nitrite oxidizing bacteria in a partially nitrifying wastewater treatment plant. This research identified the influence of temperature and dissolved oxygen as key factors in the mechanisms for substrate competition between specific microbial groups, especially under oxygen limited conditions. Furthermore, the removal of biochemical oxygen demand was highly influenced by the major oxygen consumers in the activated sludge, namely heterotrophic bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. The refinement of existing protocols, especially in the calculation of microbial kinetic parameters using specific biomass instead of a suspended solids estimate, is novel. This research has improved the understanding of the complex relationships between different microbial groups within activated sludge. Direct quantification of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria indicated a negative correlation with biochemical oxygen demand, therefore treatment quality can be optimized through stringent monitoring of this microbial group. Furthermore, insights into the interrelationships within nitrite-oxidizing bacteria have been gained via competition for substrate and variations in both environmental and plant operating parameters. The predominant nitrite-oxidizing bacterium was determined to be an important component of nitrite accumulation events. Ecophysiological factors were reaffirmed as the major source of population influence between total, ammonia oxidizing, and nitrite oxidizing bacteria in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Quantitative analysis of these populations elucidated operational adjustments that can be used to modify cell abundance and impact treatment efficiency. These results will be used for an improved microbial characterization of activate sludge and such determinations can positively influence wastewater treatment operations and efficiencies.
Download or read book The Microbiology of Activated Sludge written by Robert J. Seviour and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been a long time in preparation. Initially it grew out of our frustrating attempts over the past ten years to identify the filamentous bacteria seen in large numbers in most activated sludge plants, and the realization that we know very little about them and the other microbial populations in these systems. Unfortunately this book does not provide many answers to the problems these filamentous bacteria can cause, but we hope it might encourage microbiologists and engineers to communi cate more with each other and to spend some time trying to understand the tax onomy, ecology and physiology of activated sludge microbes. It is now very timely, for example, to try to provide these filamentous bacteria with proper taxonomically valid names and to determine their correct place in bacterial classifications. This book is not meant to compete directly with the books by Gray (1989, 1990) nor the excellent manual published by Jenkins and coworkers (1993b), which has been invaluable to us and others trying to identify filamentous bacteria. Wanner's book (1994a) also provides an excellent account of the problems of bulking and foaming caused by filamentous bacteria. These publications and others by Eikelboom's group have made an enormous contribution to the study of filamentous bacteria, and will con tinue to do so.
Download or read book Knowledge Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bacterial Community Structure of Activated Sludge Processes written by Maulin P. Shah and published by . This book was released on 2022-04-28 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the importance of molecular genomics and molecular biology techniques used to sort out the problems faced by industrialists who operate wastewater treatment plants with the ever-increasing number of environmental pollutants, through an approach of microbial community analysis. Current knowledge of the microbial communities within biological wastewater treatment reactors is incomplete due to limitations of traditional culture-based techniques and despite the emergence of recently applied physico-chemical and biological techniques. This book will give a complete overview about an advanced molecular technology for microbial community analysis of a wastewater treatment reactor to understand and gain proper knowledge, which may help to ultimately sort out the issue of environmental pollutants. It will give an insight about an application of various molecular tools to investigate microbial community composition or structure in activated sludge processes.
Download or read book Estimation of Heterotrophic Active Biomass in Activated Sludge Systems Using Respirometry written by Hyungmo Moon and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantifying Activated Sludge Bulking Causative Filamentous Bacteria Using Molecular Methods written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filamentous bulking is a widespread problem in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants. In North Carolina, 63% of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) surveyed have experienced bulking. Determining the dominant bulking-causative bacteria and their level of proliferation is a necessary step in bulking control. This study used molecular techniques, i.e. quantitative Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) and membrane hybridization to identify and quantify the specific filamentous microorganisms and their threshold values for causing bulking in both lab scale reactors and full scale treatment plants. Filament length of a specific filamentous organism, Eikelboom Type 1851, correlated strongly with the sludge volume index (SVI) and was identified to be the major bulking-causative microorganism in lab scale reactors and a full scale activated sludge plant. The full scale plant is a biological nutrient removal (BNR) plant, a common operational mode in North Carolina, suggesting that this organism may be prevalent in North Carolina WWTPs. The threshold value for Eikelboom Type 1851-caused-bulking was determined. This threshold value will allow the monitoring of incremental improvements in control methods and the delineation of the niche of Eikelboom Type 1851 in activated sludge. Furthermore, the lab scale experiments verified the kinetic selection theory and the filamentous backbone theory for Type 1851.
Download or read book Cellular Metabolic Markers and Growth Dynamics Definition of Functional Groups in Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Heterotrophic Population written by Bing Guo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The importance of the substrate niche in structuring the activated sludge (AS) microbial community was evaluated in the first part of this thesis. To this end, AS community members were classified into sub-guilds based on the cellular levels RNA and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), which were predicted to be biomarkers positively correlated to each other based on a hypothesis suggesting that the specialization of heterotrophic populations consuming substrates with different degradation kinetics were specialized. A novel systematic methodology was developed using a combination of molecular techniques: fluorescence staining, flow cytometry cell sorting and high-throughput 16S RNA amplicon gene sequencing. Biodiversity analysis indicated that despite the variation among different systems, the sub-guilds shared similar patterns, which highlighted the importance of niche factors driving the community assembly.In the second part of the thesis, the impact of immigration on various populations was quantitatively evaluated by comparing the influent to AS community structures. A mass balance model was used to quantify the net growth rates of genera and their contributions to resource consumption in relation to their immigration rates. High numbers of genera were shared between influent and AS, while they showed various positive or negative selection upon entry in AS systems. Modeling results provided practical suggestions for AS modelers to evaluate influent biomass and its contribution to resource consumption.Pushing forward the characterization of immigration, the dynamics of the microbial community composition in the influent wastewater and the AS were investigated at short timescales (4-h sampling interval). The wastewater microbiome experienced diurnal cyclic variation with higher prevalence of apparently indigenous sewer microbes at high flow rates. With a 6-day dataset, models separating the long-term trends and the 24-h cyclic trends revealed the genera affected by either the influent microbiome or physiochemical factors. The relative abundances of certain genera of the AS microbiome were correlated to their abundances in the influent over 12-h lag, while others appeared to be more affected by the substrate concentrations. This thesis developed a novel methodology combining high-throughput sequencing, activated sludge mass balance models and time series models to study microbial communities in AS. It demonstrated that influences of influent immigration and substrate variation were both important for the assembly of AS communities. Defining substrate niches and quantitative modeling shed light on microbial community dynamics for detailed and precise AS modeling for future applications, such as models splitting influent substrates into various fractions and models incorporating short timescale microbial dynamics. " --
Download or read book Photo Activated Sludge written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Morphological and Molecular Identification of Filamentous Microorganisms Associated with Bulking and Foaming Activated Sludge written by Ankia Marleen Wagner and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The activated sludge process comprises a complex and enriched culture of a mixture of generalist and specialist organisms. The lack of knowledge on species diversity of microbial communities is due to the simplicity of bacterial morphology and the phenotypic characters, and the unculturable portion of microbial cells in natural habitats. Although a wide range of bacteria can be isolated using conventional microbiological techniques of sample dilution and spread plate inoculation, many well-known activated sludge bacteria can not be isolated using them. The individual microbial cells in activated sludge grow in aggregates that consist of floc-forming organisms together with filamentous microorganisms that form the backbone of the activated sludge floes. Overgrowth of these filamentous microorganisms often causes settling problems called bulking and foaming. These problems consist of slow settling, poor compaction of solids and foam overflow into the effluent. Although methods for the isolation of filamentous bacteria from mixed liquor samples have been investigated, the attempts have been largely unsuccessful. In this study we investigated bulking and foaming activated sludge to identify the dominant filamentous organisms using microscopy and molecular techniques. Using microscopy, the dominant filament associated with the foaming sample was Microthrix parvicella and in the bulking sample was Nocardia spp. The foaming sample was investigated using molecular techniques that involved 165 rDNA sequencing. Although some of the clones isolated from the sludge foam were associated with filamentous bacteria causing foam, no positive identification could be made. In the part of the study that was conducted in Australia, a rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe was designed for the identification of a filamentous organism occurring in activated sludge foam. This organism resembled Eikelboom Type 0041 and was classified in the candidate bacterial division TM7. The discrepancy that the sequence data did not indicate the dominant filamentous organisms observed by microscopy, highlights the fact that natural microbial communities need to be studied using a combination of techniques since none of the techniques available are sufficient to determine the complete community structure of complex communities such as activated sludge.
Download or read book Photo Activated Sludge A Novel Algal Bacterial Biotreatment for Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater written by Angélica Rada Ariza and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen rich wastewaters (10-400 mg N L-1) are usually produced by municipal, industrial and agricultural wastes, such as effluents from anaerobic treatments. These represent a risk to the environment due to the high nutrient concentrations (nitrogen and phosphorous), which can cause eutrophication of water bodies, deteriorating the quality of the ecosystems. As a solution, the potential nitrogen removal capacity of a novel bio-treatment system, namely the Photo-Activated Sludge (PAS), which is composed of microalgae and bacteria consortia, is presented in this thesis. This novel bio-treatment is based on the symbiosis between microalgae, nitrifiers and heterotrophic bacteria (microalgal-bacterial consortia) Experimental work using photobioreactors for the cultivation of microalgae and bacteria under sequencing batch conditions showed that microalgal-bacterial consortia can remove ammonium 50% faster than solely microalgal consortia. The increase in ammonium removal rates was due to the action of nitrifying bacteria, supplied with oxygen produced by algae. Nitrification was the main ammonium removal mechanism within the microalgal-bacterial biomass, followed by algal uptake and nutrient requirements for bacterial growth. Carbon oxidation and denitrification were the main removal mechanisms for organic carbon. Hence, the role of algae within the microalgal-bacterial system is to provide oxygen to support the aerobic processes. The microalgal-bacterial system offers the possibility of reducing the hydraulic retention time, which can decrease the large area requirements often demanded by algal systems.
Download or read book Report to Parliament written by South Africa. Water Research Commission and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Determination of Microbial Species Diversity and Evenness in Activated Sludge Systems Using Different Biolog Systems written by Juanita Van Heerden and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diversity of micro-organism communities in activated sludge have been analyzed by culture -dependent methods, which exclude the majority of endogenous microbes due to the selective nature of the media. Molecular and biochemical techniques have been evaluated, but they are time - consuming, complex and the results are difficult to interpret. Methods such as community level carbon source utilization patterns (i.e. Biolog) are easy to use and detect different patterns, which could be related to diversity and function, in this and other studies. Our aim was not to try and detect each and every metabolic reaction of all the individuals in the community, but the collective pattern for a specific community. Since, 1) a high species diversity should lead to a higher relative number of substrates utilized, because there are more possibilities and 2) upon dilution, some organisms will be lost (causing a decrease in species diversity) from the community, depending on their abundance and the relative contribution (perhaps only one metabolic reaction in the system), reducing the number of possibilities. The extent of the reduction of the possibilities upon dilution, should theoretically reflect something about the community structure. The key, therefore, lies in the interpretation of the results. The Biolog system unlike traditional culture - dependent methods, which are generally selective for the component of the community that has to be cultured, can reflect the activities of a broad range of bacteria. In this study the Biolog system was not considered as a culture - dependent method, but rather as a collection of metabolic tests (database) used for the purpose of generating a recognizable pattern for a specific community. Our hypothesis was that microbial community level carbon source utilization could be used to determine diversity and evenness in activated sludge systems. In our study we used activated sludge systems representative of an environment with a high species diversity and uneven distribution of species, indicated that upon dilution some of the substrates where no longer utilized due to the loss of some of the species.
Download or read book Determination of Nitrifying Bacteria in a Full scale Activated Sludge System Using Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Fish Technique written by Özge Eyice and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
