Download or read book Determination of Equivalent Single Axle Load ESAL Factor for Georgia Pavement Design written by Sonny Kim and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimating and Forecasting Equivalent Single Axle Loadings for Pavement Design written by Bruce Aunet and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Truck Equivalent Single axle Load ESAL Factors Based on Weigh in motion Data for Pavement Design in Virginia written by Bryan C. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Virginia Department of Transportation's (VDOT's) current pavement design procedure is based on the 1993 AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. In this procedure, a required structural capacity is calculated as a function of the anticipated service life, the serviceability of the pavement, and the number of equivalent loads applied. The concept of equivalent applied loads allows for the pavement designer to account for the damage caused by loads of varying magnitudes and axle configurations. Although pavement damage can be expressed per axle, expressing the damage in terms of the average amount of damage caused by a particular vehicle is more convenient. This is referred to as a truck factor, which is the average number of equivalent single-axle load (ESAL) applications per vehicle. VDOT's current pavement design procedure subdivides truck traffic into two categories, i.e., single-unit trucks and combination trucks, and was based on studies performed in the early 1990s. Over the last few years, VDOT has installed weigh-in-motion (WIM) devices at 15 locations around the state that measure the loads actually applied by vehicles in the travel lanes. These WIM stations allow for continuous data collection that was previously not available and therefore can provide a better representation of actual traffic loading. This study developed updated truck ESAL factors based on WIM data from June 2007 through May 2008 in Virginia. These factors were found to be 0.46 for single-unit trucks and 1.05 for combination trucks using flexible pavements and 0.59 for single-unit trucks and 1.59 for combination trucks using rigid pavements. The updated truck ESAL factors determined in this study should be incorporated into VDOT's pavement design procedure. Using the updated truck ESAL factors recommended in this study will allow a more optimal pavement design that more accurately reflects the traffic loading on roadways in Virginia.
Download or read book Development of New Pavement Design Equivalent Single Axle Load ESAL written by Sirous H. Alavi and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a given road segment, accurate estimates of current and projected traffic [in terms of Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs)] can result in significant cost savings, either from the standpoint of initial construction cost or future maintenance and rehabilitation cost. The primary objective of this project is to prepare a new ESAL design table for Arizona's highway network. This new table is based on analysis of current traffic data collection procedures, traffic forecasting methodology, and ESAL development procedures, including the assignment of traffic ESAL levels to the various highway segments.
Download or read book Analysis and Determination of Axle Load Spectra and Traffic Input for the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide written by Yi Jiang and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2008-03-01 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The values of equivalent single axle loads (ESAL) have been used to represent the vehicle loads in pavement design. To improve the pavement design procedures, a new method, called the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), has been developed to use the axle load spectra to represent the vehicle loads in pavement design. These spectra represent the percentage of the total axle applications within each load interval for single, tandem, tridem, and quad axles. Using axle load spectra as the traffic input, the MEPDG method is able to analyze the impacts of varying traffic loads on pavement and provide an optimal pavement structure design. In addition, the new method can be used to analyze the effects of materials and the impacts of seasons, to compare rehabilitation strategies, and to perform forensic analyses of pavement conditions. The MEPDG utilizes mechanistic-empirical approaches to realistically characterize inservice pavements and allows the full integration of vehicular traffic loadings, climatic features, soil characteristics, and paving materials properties into the detailed analysis of pavement structural behaviors and the resulting pavement performance. In order to provide the traffic data input required by the MEPDG, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) made an effort to obtain truck traffic information from the traffic data collected through weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations. This study was conducted to create the truck traffic spectra and other traffic inputs for INDOT to implement the new pavement design method. Furthermore, the INDOT AADT data were used in this study to analyze the spatial distributions of the traffic volumes in Indiana and to obtain the spatial distributions of traffic volumes.
Download or read book The Effects of Truck Volume Mix and Weight Distribution on Pavement Design written by David A. Friedrichs and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adjustment of Equivalent Single Axle Load for Pavement Design by Use of Weigh in motion Data written by Faria Emamian and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures 1993 written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 1993 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design related project level pavement management - Economic evaluation of alternative pavement design strategies - Reliability / - Pavement design procedures for new construction or reconstruction : Design requirements - Highway pavement structural design - Low-volume road design / - Pavement design procedures for rehabilitation of existing pavements : Rehabilitation concepts - Guides for field data collection - Rehabilitation methods other than overlay - Rehabilitation methods with overlays / - Mechanistic-empirical design procedures.
Download or read book Equivalent Damage Factors EDFs for Multiple Load and Axle Configurations written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent increase of the maximum legal axle load limit in South Africa, as well as the increase in overloading observed in rural roads, have renewed the interest into methods of quantifying traffic load associated damage on road pavements. For pavement engineers the main interest lies in the design and management of the network, while road authorities' interest lies in their desire to recover the cost of the damage. Since equivalent damage factors (EDFs) are used to convert the actual traffic spectrum into equivalent standard axles (ESAs), methods for calculating EDFs should be evaluated in terms of their ability to deal with all practical load and axle configurations of mixed traffic. Extensive research with the Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) over the past 20 years has led to improved fundamental understanding of pavement response and performance and has permitted the development of effective EDFs for single-axle loads. A major limitation of this approach, however, is that it does not directly facilitate the calculation of EDFs for multiple axle configurations. This paper describes the procedure developed for extending the existing HVS-based method. The method is then applied to the assessment of the effects of: wheel load, contact stress, single and dual wheels, and single, tandem and tridem axles. As a result, the procedure enables determination of EDFs for accurate estimation of equivalent traffic for design purposes and performance analysis. This, in principle, may facilitate the development of guidelines on permissible axle loads and tyrepressures for different axle configurations. The basic principle pertinent to this approach is that equal response implies equal damage. The formulation is based on a rational mechanistic evaluation of pavement-traffic load interaction. In this approach, the dependence on empirical formulae is minimized. For the covering abstract of this conference see IRRD number 872978.
Download or read book Impact of Truck Characteristics on Pavements written by Stuart W. Hudson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Truck load equivalency factors relate vehicle axle loads to pavement damage and life. They provide a method to convert the effects of mixed traffic to a standard loading condition. Equivalent loadings for most pavement design and evaluation procedures are currently predicted using the AASHTO method of equivalency factors. This study was undertaken to evaluate various types of primary pavement response derived load equivalency factors. These use pavement response measurements such as strain and deflection to estimate the equivalent damaging effect of any axle loading condition. These types of factors are also expressed in terms of a relative number of equivalent standard axle loads. A number of primary response equivalency factor methods were evaluated and several selected for further study. Deflection and strain pavement response measurements were evaluated over an experimental factorial of axle type, axle load, tire pressure, speed, pavement thickness, and pavement temperature. Primary response load equivalencies were calculated using the selected methods and a number of statistical comparisons were made.
Download or read book Computing Equivalent Single Axle Loads ESALs from Weigh in motion Data written by Sedat Gulen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rigid and Flexible Pavement Design and Analysis written by and published by Transportation Research Board National Research. This book was released on 1989 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pavement Engineering written by Rajib B. Mallick and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-12-30 with total page 819 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pavement Engineering: Principles and Practice examines a wide range of topics in asphalt and concrete pavements from soil preparation and structural design to life cycle costing and economic analysis. This updated Fourth Edition covers all concepts and practices of pavement engineering in terms of materials, design, and construction methods for both flexible and rigid pavements and includes the latest developments in recycling, sustainable pavement materials, and resilient infrastructure. New and updated topics include material characterization concepts and tests, pavement management concepts, probabilistic examples of life cycle cost analysis, end-of-life considerations, waste plastic in asphalt, pervious concrete, pavement monitoring instrumentation and data acquisition, and more. The latest updated references, state of the art reviews, and online resources have also been included.
Download or read book Bituminous Binders and Mixes written by L. Francken and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the studies presented in this report is the implementation of rational concepts and testing procedures for the design and manufacture of bituminous materials for applications in pavement construction. Practical test procedures are recommended for binder evaluation, mix design and performance assessment of bituminous materials. The three main topics addressed are binder testing, mix design and mechanical testing of mixtures. Each is examined through interlaboratory tests and there is a literary review of existing practices and methods for the production of polymer modified binders, mixture design and the mechanical properties of mixtures.
Download or read book Pavement Analysis and Design written by Yang Hsien Huang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For one/two-semester, undergraduate/graduate courses in Pavement Design. This up-to-date text covers both theoretical and practical aspects of pavement analysis and design. It includes some of the latest developments in the field, and some very useful computer software-developed by the author-with detailed instructions.
Download or read book Improved Characterization of Truck Traffic Volumes and Axle Loads for Mechanistic empirical Pavement Design written by Ala R. Abbas and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recently developed mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG) requires a multitude of traffic inputs to be defined for the design of pavement structures, including the initial two-way annual average daily truck traffic (AADTT), directional and lane distribution factors, vehicle class distribution, monthly adjustment factors, hourly truck distribution factors, traffic growth rate, axle load spectra by truck class (Class 4 to Class 13) and axle type (single, tandem, tridem, and quad), and number of axles per truck. Since it is not always practical to obtain site-specific traffic data, the MEPDG assimilates a hierarchal level concept that allows pavements to be designed using statewide averages and MEPDG default values without compromising the accuracy of the pavement design. In this study, a Visual Basic for Application (VBA) code was developed to analyze continuous traffic monitoring data and generate site-specific and statewide traffic inputs. The traffic monitoring data was collected by 143 permanent traffic monitoring sites (93 automated vehicle classifier (AVC) and 50 weigh-in-motion (WIM) sites) distributed throughout the State of Ohio from 2006 to 2011. The sensitivity of the MEPDG to the various traffic inputs was evaluated using two baseline pavement designs, one for a new flexible pavement and one for a new rigid pavement. Key performance parameters for the flexible pavement included longitudinal (top-down) fatigue cracking, alligator (bottom-up) fatigue cracking, transverse (low-temperature) cracking, rutting, and smoothness (expressed using IRI), while key performance parameters for the rigid pavement included transverse cracking (% slabs cracked), joint faulting, and smoothness. The sensitivity analysis results revealed that flexible pavements are moderately sensitive to AADTT, growth rate, vehicle class distribution, and axle load spectra; and not sensitive to hourly distribution factors, monthly adjustment factors, and number of axles per truck. Furthermore, it was found that rigid pavements are moderately sensitive to AADTT, growth rate, hourly distribution factors, vehicle class distribution, and axle load spectra; and not sensitive to monthly adjustment factors and number of axles per truck. Therefore, it is recommended to estimate the AADTT and the vehicle class distribution from site-specific short-term or continuous counts and obtain the truck growth rate from ODOT Modeling and Forecasting Section (Certified Traffic). As for the other traffic inputs, statewide averages can be used for the hourly distribution factors, axle load spectra, and number of axles per truck; and MEPDG defaults can be used for the monthly adjustment factors.
Download or read book Pavement Design and Materials written by A. T. Papagiannakis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-22 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, state-of-the-art guide to pavement design and materials With innovations ranging from the advent of SuperpaveTM, the data generated by the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) project, to the recent release of the Mechanistic-Empirical pavement design guide developed under NCHRP Study 1-37A, the field of pavement engineering is experiencing significant development. Pavement Design and Materials is a practical reference for both students and practicing engineers that explores all the aspects of pavement engineering, including materials, analysis, design, evaluation, and economic analysis. Historically, numerous techniques have been applied by a multitude of jurisdictions dealing with roadway pavements. This book focuses on the best-established, currently applicable techniques available. Pavement Design and Materials offers complete coverage of: The characterization of traffic input The characterization of pavement bases/subgrades and aggregates Asphalt binder and asphalt concrete characterization Portland cement and concrete characterization Analysis of flexible and rigid pavements Pavement evaluation Environmental effects on pavements The design of flexible and rigid pavements Pavement rehabilitation Economic analysis of alternative pavement designs The coverage is accompanied by suggestions for software for implementing various analytical techniques described in these chapters. These tools are easily accessible through the book’s companion Web site, which is constantly updated to ensure that the reader finds the most up-to-date software available.
