Download or read book Determination of Characters for Yield Selection in Spring Wheat Breeding Programs written by Peter B. E. McVetty and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of Characters for Yield Selection in Spring Wheat Breeding Programs written by Peter B. E. McVetty and published by 1978.. This book was released on 1978 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three crosses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) currently included in the University of Manitoba wheat breeding program were used to evaluate the use of physiological and/or morphological parameters alone or in combination on F2 plants or F3 families as selection criteria to identify high yielding F4 bulks. The F2 generation was handled as spaced plants grown in the field in two types of environments, (a) a stress-free environment and (b) a normal environment. Approximately 200 plants of each cross were measured for physiological, morphological, yield component and phenological traits as well as being visually rated for yield potential by 5 selectors. a reandom 50-seed sample from each of these plants was sent to Mexico in the winter of 1976-77 to generate F4 bulks. Groups of 49 for stress-free and 81 for normal environment grown F2's were returned from Mexico as F4 bulks to be yield - tested in a six - replicate partially balanced lattice design. The same 49 and 81 groups as tested in F4 were grown simultaneously from F3 remnant seed in the summer of 1977. The results indicated that the most common single F2 parameter which identified high yield potential in F2 was visual yield selection, however the selection intensity had to be low in order to retain a majority of the high yielding lines. A multiple regression analysis approach on a cross - specific basis was found to be better than a single F2 parameter approach because a majority of the high yielding lines could be retained with a much higher selection intensity. The results were simmilar for the F3 generation. A combined cross analysis using multiple regression indicated that productivity and peduncle length in F2 were the two most important common parameters. A prediction of high yielding lines based on these two parameters retained in excess of one - third of the high yielding lines with high selection intensity. However, no acceptable common parameters were found in F3 and it was concluded that replicated F3 yield tests would be more suitable in such cases. Harvest index evaluation in a productivity and height framework retained a majority of the high yielding lines while allowing a selection intensity of approximately 15%. This technique involved the use of an optimum harvest index in productivity and height extremes of statistically characterized populations. It is concluded that the harvest index - productivity - height approach to selection will enhance the effectiveness of plant breeders in their search for high yield in spring wheat.
Download or read book Plant Breeding Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physiological Breeding written by Alistair Pask and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 2012 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crop Photosynthesis written by N.R. Baker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since photosynthetic performance is a fundamental determinant of yield in the vast majority of crops, an understanding of the factors limiting photosynthetic productivity has a crucial role to play in crop improvement programmes. Photosynthesis, unlike the majority of physiological processes in plants, has been the subject of extensive studies at the molecular level for many years. This reductionist approach has resulted in the development of an impressive and detailed understanding of the mechanisms of light capture, energy transduction and carbohydrate biosynthesis, processes that are clearly central to the success of the plant and the productivity of crops. This volume examines in the widest context the factors determining the photosynthetic performance of crops. The emphasis throughout the book is on the setting for photosynthesis rather than the fundamental process itself. The book will prove useful to a wide range of plant scientists, and will encourage a more rapid integration of disciplines in the quest to understand and improve the productivity of crops by the procedures of classical breeding and genetic manipulation.
Download or read book Physiological breeding I interdisciplinary approaches to improve crop adaptation written by and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Diversity Analysis in Spring Wheat Triticum Aestivum L written by Deepak K.R. Baranwal and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a reference book which describes importance, use and basic information relevant to Wheat and its improvement. In reference to genetic diversity analysis, data was collected for yield and its components and utilized for genetic evaluation of diverse wheat genotypes. The analysis revealed high significant genetic variation for most of the yield components. Recent research findings in wheat improvement aspects have been incorporated in the book. The present research would be fruitful during formulating breeding strategies for wheat improvement. Methodology, experimental findings and their relation with earlier researches has been elaborated in the book. Thousand grain weight, plot yield, grains per spike, tiller per meter and ear length are found key traits for genetic evaluation of wheat genotypes and should be utilized in wheat breeding programmes. Genetic diversity analysis using Cluster and principal component analysis has explored an opportunity to identify diversified genotypes for crop improvement.Present book is basically written for Plant Breeding Scholar and persons interested in Wheat research.
Download or read book Study on Yield Related Traits in Wheat written by Obaidullah Khan and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Need for the improvement in wheat yield is increasing continuously due to day by day increase in human population on the same land. This challenge is much greater in the developing countries than the developed world. Many breeding programs are based on selection of desirable parents for hybridization that's the main source to create genetic variation which is heritable to offspring. This study was carried out to have information on the magnitude of heritability and genetic advance of various important wheat parameters as it plays an important role for planning breeding strategy. For this purpose second filial (F2) generation of ten cross combinations involving seven wheat varieties/genotypes were studied. These were planted in field in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. At maturity 200 plants from each cross and 20 plants from each parent were taken and data were recorded. The information derived will be very helpful to make improvement in wheat yield through reliable selection as it is suggested that varieties/genotypes showing good results should be given due importance in future breeding programs.
Download or read book Association Mapping and Genomic Selection for Yield and Agronomic Traits in Soft Winter Wheat written by Dennis Nicuh Bulusan Lozada and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tools such as genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) have expedited the development of crops with improved genetic potential. While GWAS aims to identify significant markers associated with a trait of interest, the goal of GS is to utilize all marker effects to predict the performance of new breeding lines prior to testing. A GWAS for grain yield (GY), yield components, and agronomic traits was conducted using a diverse panel of 239 soft winter wheat (SWW) lines evaluated in eight site-years in Arkansas and Oklahoma. Broad sense heritability of GY (H2=0.48) was moderate compared to other traits including plant height (H2=0.81) and kernel weight (H2=0.77). Markers associated with multiple traits on chromosomes 1A, 2D, 3B, and 4B serve as potential targets for marker assisted breeding to select for GY improvement. Validation of GY-related loci using spring wheat from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico confirmed the effects of three loci in chromosomes 3A, 4B, and 6B. Lines possessing the favorable allele at all three loci (A-C-G allele combination) had the highest mean GY of possible haplotypes. The same population of 239 lines was used in a GS study as a training population (TP) to determine factors that affect the predictability of GY. The TP size had the greatest effect on predictive ability across the measured traits. Adding covariates in the GS model was more advantageous in increasing prediction accuracies under single population cross validations than in forward predictions. Forward validation of the prediction models on two new populations resulted in a maximum accuracy of 0.43 for GY. Genomic selection was "superior" to marker-assisted selection in terms of response to selection and combining phenotypic selection with GS resulted in the highest response. Results from this study can be used to accelerate the process of GY improvement and increase genetic gains in wheat breeding programs.
Download or read book As Others See Us written by John E. Woolston and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1996 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Breeding written by Jack Brown and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, Plant Breeding, has it bases in an earlier text entitled An Introduction to Plant Breeding by Jack Brown and Peter Caligari, first published in 2008. The challenges facing today’s plant breeders have never been more overwhelming, yet the prospects to contribute significantly to global food security and farmers’ quality of life have never been more exciting and fulfilling. Despite this there has been a worrying decline in public funding for plant breeding-related research and support for international centers of germplasm development and crop improvement. In part, this has resulted in a serious reduction in the number of young people interested in devoting their professional careers to plant breeding as well as the number of universities offering plant breeding courses or conducting relevant research in plant breeding. The authors’ aim in writing this book is to provide an integrated and updated view of the current scientific progress related to diverse plant breeding disciplines, within the context of applied breeding programs. This excellent new book will encourage a new generation of students to pursue careers related to plant breeding and will assist a wider audience of agricultural students, agronomists, policy makers and those with an interest in agriculture in gaining insight about the issues affecting plant breeding and its key role in improving the quality of life of people and in securing sufficient food, at the quality required and at an affordable price. With comprehensive coverage including questions designed for students, and an accompanying website containing additional material to help in the study of the subject, Plant Breeding is an ideal text for all those studying plant and crop sciences, and a convenient reference source for professionals working in the area. All libraries within universities and research establishments where biological and agricultural sciences are studied and taught should have multiple copies of this book.
Download or read book Estimates of Heterosis for Five Agronomic Traits in Selected Winter X Spring and Winter X Winter Wheat Crosses Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell written by P. Brajcich and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concern regarding the lack of genetic variability and the apparent yield plateau reached in wheat breeding have prompted this investigation. The systematic crossing of spring and winter wheat types which have evolved to form somewhat different gene pools, may provide a source of additional usable genetic variability for future yield increases. Five winter and five spring wheat cultivars with different degrees of genetic similarities in their pedigrees were crossed to obtain F1's and F2's. The parents plus winter x spring F1's were planted in two growing seasons at Hyslop Agronomy Farm near Corvallis, Oregon. During the second season the winter x spring F2 and winter x winter F1 crosses were also included. Agronomic traits were measured on an individual plant basis. These traits were plant height, number of tillers per plant, 100 kernel weight, number of kernels per spike and grain yield. Analyses of variance were conducted for each trait. Estimates of the amount of usable genetic variation were determined by heterosis values, inbreeding depression and parent-progeny standard regressions. Possible interactions between years and the above five characters were determined for the winter x spring F1's. Evidence of non-additive gene action was found in the expression of heterosis and subsequent inbreeding depression which depended on the specific trait measured and the parents involved in the cross. The greatest heterosis values were noted for grain yield per plant. Crosses with the winter parent, Weique Red Mace, resulted in the highest estimates for grain yield. This was due to the late maturity of these hybrids and to the diverse genetic background of this winter parent compared to the five spring parents. Parent-progeny regressions indicated that a large amount of additive genetic variance was present for plant height, 100 kernel weight and grain yield an intermediate amount for kernels per spike and tillers per plant. Winter x spring F1 crosses resulted in higher heterosis estimates and a wider range of values between crosses than winter x winter F1 crosses. Parent-progeny regression estimates were similar in value for the two types of F1 populations. Thus, these results indicate that the systematic crossing between winter and spring wheats will produce greater total genetic variability for further wheat improvement. This is true for the development of hybrid wheat (non-additive) and may also be promising for conventional breeding programs when only the additive portion of the total genetic variance can be used. The data support the general conclusion that the amount of heterosis is a function of genetic diversity between the two parents. Those breeders working on hybrid wheat may wish to look at winter x spring crosses as a means of maximizing heterosis. However, since a significant interaction between years x F1's was noted for the traits measured, more than one year of evaluation will be necessary if winter x spring crosses are employed.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Application of Physiology in Wheat Breeding written by M. P. Reynolds and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 2001 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Improvement of Field Crops written by Gustavo A. Slafer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-29 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outlining successful breeding techniques to augment the yields of the world's major crops, this reference analyzes the physiological and genetic basis for past and potential future increases in crop yields.;Covering crops with wide differences in morphology, photosynthetic rates, and nitrogen metabolisms, Genetic Improvement of Field Crops: investigates the changes produced by breeders in the physiological attributes affecting wheat grain yield and nitrogen content during the last century; discusses those crop characteristics of oats that have already been altered or might be manipulated through breeding to further increase yield potential; describes several genetic factors responsible for both yield potential and stress resistance in barley; offers insights into the relationship between increases in the yield potential and stress tolerance of corn; examines the evolution of sunflower crop yields and yield stability and estimates the contribution of improved cultivars; evaluates the effects of breeding on tuber characteristics related to the crop growth and yield of the potato; elucidates the possibilities for simultaneous improvement of yield and fiber strength in cotton; and identifies the features to be considered in the development of high yielding varieties of rice for different agricultural systems.;Providing nearly 1600 key literature citations allowing further in-depth study of particular topics, Genetic Improvement of Field Crops is for plant physiologists and breeders, crop and agricultural scientists, agronomists, biochemists, geneticists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.
Download or read book The Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science written by Australian Institute of Agricultural Science and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1971-04 with total page 1658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
