Download or read book Determination of Biodegradation Kinetics of Select Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in an Activated Sludge System Through Respirometry written by Joseph R. Stonesifer and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Determination of Biodegradation Kinetics of Select Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Extant Respirometry written by Nawaraj Panta and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Design and Operation of Activated Sludge Processes Using Respirometry written by Alan Rozich and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-02-03 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a thorough overview of respirometry and its scientific and engineering basis. The book describes the fundamentals of biological waste treatment, development of predictive models for system design and operation, and how respirometry fits in with these operations. It also presents case studies, which give you concrete examples of the application of respirometry. This book will help activated sludge process control designers, operators, and managers of biological wastewater treatment facilitieslearn how to improve methods for the analysis of biological wastewater systems, enhance design and treatability projects, optimize and troubleshoot plant operations, and accurately predict the impact of new loads or streams on biological wastewater facilities.

Download or read book Degradation of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products written by Agnieszka Gieraltowska and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) constitute a group of a wide number of compounds, largely consumed in modern societies. Despite of their large consumption, their potential to reach environmental compartments, and their impact on wildlife, has received little attention. Because of the low PPCPs concentrations reported in wastewaters and their complex chemical structure, common technologies used in wastewater treatment and water purification may not be efficient enough to accomplish their complete removal. It is known that there are different processes, responsible for PPCPs removal from wastewaters, therefore it is crucial to understand these processes, in order to be able to design proper technology processes to ensure PPCPs removal from treated sewage. The following book is a study, carried out in order to investigate PPCPs biodegradation kinetics with sludges collected from different Danish wastewater treatment plants. Special attention was paid to investigate the difference in PPCPs removal efficiencies, 1st order degradation kinetics rates and half-lives, under aerobic conditions. Also, the discussion on possible factors influencing PPCPs removal was made.

Download or read book Exploring Biodegradation of Emerging Pollutants Using Next Generation Sequencing and Uplc MS MS Techniques written by Ke Yu and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Exploring Biodegradation of Emerging Pollutants Using Next Generation Sequencing and UPLC-MS-MS Techniques" by Ke, Yu, 余珂, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: This study was conducted to set up a systematic approach utilizing advantages of both wet lab and bioinformatic methodologies to study biodegradation abilities and microbial bacterial-functional relationship within bioremediation communities. Firstly, 11pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)were selected as target chemicals for establishing an effective determination process in analyzing trace-level concentrations in the environment, and understanding the removal routes during pollutants removal process in wastewater treatment process using activated sludge. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was utilized to develop a rapid, sensitive and reliable method without solid phase extraction pre-concentration for trace analysis of 11 PPCPs in influent and effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Shorten the detection time and significant reduction of detection cost were achieved due to the omitting usage of solid phase extraction (SPE)process and avoiding the consumption of hydrophiliclipophilic balancced (HLB)cartridge. Research on removal routes of ten selected PPCPs in activated sludge found activated sludge hardly removed carbamazepine. Biodegradation was the sole route to remove acyclovir, metronidazole, benzylparaben, ethylparaben, methylparaben and propylparaben. Both adsorption and biodegradation were involved in the removal of ranitidine and benzophenone-3, while fluoxetine could be totally removed by adsorption in activated sludge. Secondly, as the target microbial community, activated sludge community was used to set up the global bioinformatic analysis process. Both metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches were processed to characterize microbial structure and gene expression of activated sludge community. The taxonomic profile showed thatactivated sludge was dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobiaphyla. Gene expression annotation of nitrogen removal revealed that denitrification-related genes sequences dominated in both DNA and cDNA datasets while nitrifying genes were also expressed in relative high levels. Specially, ammonia monooxygenase and hydroxylamine oxidase demonstrated the high cDNA/DNA ratios, indicating strong nitrification activity. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria present mainly belonged to Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira species. A fast method to construct local sub-databases has been established for the quick similarity search and annotation of huge metagenomic datasets. The conducted tests showed sub-database annotation pipeline achieved a speedup of 150-385 times, and got exactly the same annotation results with those of the direct NCBI-nr database BLAST-MEGAN method. This approach provides a new time-efficient and convenient annotation similarity search strategy for laboratories without access to high performance computing facilities. Thirdly, bisphenol A(BPA), which has a partially known biodegradation pathway and relevant bioremediating genes, was chosen as a model to establish a pipeline for systematical understanding the pathways and gene/bacteria relationships in an enriched microbial community. 11 new metabolites were detected during BPA degradation. Thereby, a novel pathway of degrading BPA metabolite was proposed. Sphingomonas strains were dominant taxa in initial degradation of BPA, while the other

Download or read book Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process written by Henri Spanjers and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ebook only (available soon) The report describes the principles of measurement of respiration rate, the transformation of measurement data into other types of information, and the application of the obtained information in process control strategies. Some fundamental concepts on biological respiration and process control are provided to assist the reader with understanding the principles. A structured overview comprises some eighty control strategies in which respirometry plays a role. To enable the reader to consult the information sources, an extensive literature list of over 500 references in included and classified into six themes. Contents Fundamentals of Respiration Measuring Principles Measured and Deduced Variables Elementary Control Concepts Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process Summary and Perspectives. Scientific and Technical Report No.7 Also Available Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Benchmarking Control Strategies

Download or read book Determination of Biodegradation Kinetics of Volatile Organic Compounds Through Use of Respirometry written by Mohammad Naziruddin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Influence of Kinetic and Metabolic Selection on 17alpha ethinylestradiol Biodegradation in Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Systems written by Ryan M. Ziels and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potent endocrine-disrupting estrogen hormone, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), is primarily removed via biodegradation in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) activated sludge (AS) processes; however, reported EE2 removal efficiencies in AS WWTPs vary widely. A hypothesis of this research was that EE2 biodegradation kinetics vary as a function of AS process and reactor designs, which select for different microbial population compositions. Bench-scale AS reactors treating municipal wastewater and estrogens at ng/L concentrations were operated to simulate kinetic population selection with high initial food-to-biomass ratio feeding conditions (high-F/Mf) or low substrate growth conditions (low-F/Mf), as well as metabolic selection with substrate uptake and growth under aerobic, anaerobic, and anoxic conditions. The latter two metabolic selectors resulted in enhanced biological phosphorus removal and biological nitrogen removal, respectively. A pseudo first-order biodegradation model was used to examine the effects of metabolic and kinetic selective pressures on EE2 biodegradation kinetics. Aerobic low-F/Mf reactors experienced pseudo first-order EE2 biodegradation rate coefficients (kb) that were 1.4 to 2.2 times greater than high-F/Mf aerobic selectors operated in parallel, suggesting that kinetic selection influences EE2 biodegradation activity in AS systems. No significant difference was observed in the EE2 kb of high-F/Mf metabolic bioselectors (aerobic-only, anoxic/aerobic and anaerobic/aerobic). However, metabolic selection reduced the EE2 kb of a low-F/Mf anoxic/aerobic reactor by 40% relative to a low-F/Mf aerobic reactor, demonstrating that the redox state of growth conditions may affect microbial EE2 biodegradation kinetics in AS. The results of this study suggest that operating conditions in which microbial growth occurs aerobically at low substrate concentrations improve EE2 biodegradation kinetics in AS systems, possibly due to the growth of K-strategist heterotrophs capable of more efficient EE2 biodegradation at low ng/L concentrations. Supplementary files to this dissertation include Appendix B, which is a Microsoft Excel file that provides supporting data to the presented research results.

Download or read book Activated Sludge Kinetic Parameter Determination by Extant Respirometry written by Michael P. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development and Calibration of Bio kinetic Models for Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Biodegradation in an Aerobic Activated Sludge System written by Muhammad Azizul Hoque and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substrate removal mechanisms in a mixed culture of an activated sludge system are still a mystery that researchers have been trying to unravel by proposing and developing models to interpret the observed experimental data. Activated Sludge Model Number 1 (ASM1) was first introduced to better understand the biochemical mechanisms during carbon and nitrogen oxidation and was based on the assumption that the external substrate is consumed only for biomass growth. This model ignored the formation of intracellular polymers (storage products) in the biomass cell, though several researchers observed the phenomenon of storage of carbon sources and the significant role it played in the carbon removal process. As a consequence, the Activated Sludge Model Number 3 (ASM3) was formulated assuming that all the easily biodegradable substrate is first stored internally during the feast phase before being used for growth during famine conditions. However, experimental observations proved that both storage and growth occur simultaneously during the feast phase. Consequently, the simultaneous storage and growth (SSAG) model was developed as an extension to ASM3 specifically to gain an in-depth understanding of the carbon oxidation process. While considerable investigation has been focused on model calibration using respirometric measurements of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) during the aerobic biodegradation of substrate, model-based interpretation of titrimetric measurements has been limited. In biological systems, the oxygen consumption and corresponding pH changes occur simultaneously and can be easily monitored using respirometric and titrimetric experimental observations respectively. Attempts were, therefore, made to calibrate ASM1 using titrimetric measurements. During the subsequent successful development, consideration was given to the pH effects of carbon uptake, ammonia uptake for growth, CO2 production from carbon metabolism and the nonlinear carbon dioxide transfer rate (CTR) due to stripping. While respirometry was successfully used to calibrate every proposed new model, the interpretation of titrimetric measurements, however, was always based on ASM1, using calibration substrates such as acetate and ammonium. The SSAG model, developed in the year 2005, proposed an improved kinetic expression for the degradation of storage products under famine conditions. It was successfully calibrated using on-line respirometric measurements and validated using off-line storage products measurements with acetate used as a calibration substrate. However it failed to explain the titrimetric behavior of the substrate biodegradation process. While in most cases the above models were calibrated using simple synthetic substrates, the application of these models for complex substrates was not investigated. Therefore, in this dissertation, the biodegradation kinetics for different substrates like acetate (simple carbon source), sodium dodecyl sulfate (relatively complex carbon source), ammonium (simple nitrogen source), urea (relatively complex nitrogen source) and glutamic acid (combination of carbon and nitrogen) were investigated. A titrimetric respirometer, established in the Water-waste laboratory in the Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Australia, was used to conduct batch experiments in order to monitor substrate biodegradation process in an aerobic activated sludge system. Both the dissolved oxygen and the pH control data were logged with the Labview software package. A spreadsheet program was used to calculate the oxygen uptake rate and the proton production/consumption rate from the raw measurements. During batch experiments, the biodegradation of all five test substrates showed unique respirometric and titrimetric behaviors indicating that each of these compounds is biodegraded using distinctive mechanisms with the involvement and coordination of different bacterial populations. The pattern of OURs were observed varying from substrate to substrate describing the characteristics of test compounds. The titrimetric profiles were also different for different substrates biodegradation reflecting the on-going biochemical reaction of respective substrate in activated sludge system. While acetate biodegradation, for example, caused proton consumption (at pH 7.8) in the liquid medium, proton production was noted under feast conditions when either sodium dodecyl sulfate or glutamic acid was used as a test substrate. An in-depth revision of the existing activated sludge models was completed and the models were assessed using experimental observations. An improved bio-kinetic model which includes both the oxygen and proton balances for the biodegradation of each of the test substrates was then developed. In addition, the substrates biodegradation pathway and the non-linear CO2 transfer process were considered during the modeling. For proper model evaluation, the proposed model was calibrated using varying initial substrate concentrations and pH levels. In addition, three different calibration approaches: using respirometric measurements alone, using titrimetric measurements alone and using combined respirometric-titrimetric measurements, were applied during the study. The estimation of model parameters was undertaken using non-linear techniques utilizing the algorithms in the optimisation toolbox (MATLAB). For the biodegradation of each test substrate, the proposed model was successfully calibrated using both the respirometric and titrimetric behaviors in the activated sludge system. The estimated model parameters showed consistent results for all three calibration approaches thereby confirming the precision of the proposed model. The parameter estimation errors (calculated for 95% confidence intervals) as well as the mean squared errors for the different calibration approaches were quite reasonable and confirmed the statistical soundness of the proposed model. In addition, the proposed model was validated using off-line measurements. This dissertation presents an in-depth explanation of how the proposed models interpret the biodegradation processes and how the model parameters vary for different substrates in an activated sludge system. The results will be helpful in further refining current models that can contribute to the optimization of the design operation and enhanced performance of full scale wastewater treatment plants.

Download or read book Respirometry of Activated Sludge written by Milenko Ros and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-03-01 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research Digest written by B. Eliosov and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research was the first significant demonstration of an extant respirometric test to determine the biodegradation rate parameters (biokinetics) of select individual organic compounds at full scale wastewater treatment plants.

Download or read book Factors Influencing the Biodegradation Kinetics of Toxic Organic Compounds in Activated Sludge Systems written by Charles Vijay Anselm and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When phenol was removed from the feed stream the measured kinetic parameters for phenol significantly reduced, and the kinetic parameters for 4CP increased. When both compounds were removed from the feed the measured kinetic parameters for phenol and 4CP reduced significantly. The results observed from this research have shown that rate of biodegradation of individual organic compounds is significantly influenced by changes in operational conditions. The findings of this research is a significant contribution towards the understanding of the factors that affect the rate of biodegradation kinetics of toxic organic compounds in activated sludge treatment systems.

Download or read book Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Activated Sludge written by Derin Orhon and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2009-02-02 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial pollution is still a major concern and despite its significance, sound and systematic pollution control efforts are very poorly documented. The character and treatability of industrial wastewaters is highly variable and specific for each industrial activity. Biological treatment with activated sludge is the appropriate technology for industrial wastewaters from several major industrial sectors. Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Activated Sludge deals with the activated sludge treatment of industrial wastewaters by considering conceptual frameworks, methodologies and case studies, in a stepwise manner. The issues related to activated sludge treatment, such as biodegradability based characterization, modeling, assessment of stoichiometric and kinetic parameters and design, as well as the issues of industrial pollution control, e.g. in-plant control, effect of pretreatment, etc. are combined in a way to provide a comprehensive and information-rich view to the reader. By doing so, the book supplies an up-to-date reference for industrial wastewater experts and both graduate and undergraduate students. Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Activated Sludge provides a roadmap, describing the methodologies for the treatment of industrial wastewaters from several major sectors, based on a solid theoretical background. Up to now although valuable separate efforts both on activated sludge and industrial wastewater treatment have been presented, an integrated approach that is crucial to practice has not been available. This gap is filled by this book.

Download or read book Biodegradation written by Rolando Chamy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-06-14 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a collection of different biodegradation research activities where biological processes take place. The book has two main sections: A) Polymers and Surfactants Biodegradation and B) Biodegradation: Microbial Behaviour.

Download or read book Sludge Reduction Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Paola Foladori and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07-31 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sludge Reduction Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants is a review of the sludge reduction techniques integrated in wastewater treatment plants with detailed chapters on the most promising and most widespread techniques. The aim of the book is to update the international community on the current status of knowledge and techniques in the field of sludge reduction. It will provide a comprehensive understanding of the following issues in sludge reduction: principles of sludge reduction techniques; process configurations; potential performance; advantages and drawbacks; economics and energy consumption. This book will be essential reading for managers and technical staff of wastewater treatment plants as well as graduate students and post-graduate specialists.

Download or read book Wastewater Quality Monitoring and Treatment written by Philippe Quevauviller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-11 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The issue of water quality monitoring is becoming a huge area as the EU requirements for cleaner water increase. On-line monitoring involves measuring a body of water constantly and in-situ as opposed to analysing samples in the lab. Currently filling the gap in the market, Wastewater Quality Monitoring: On-line Methods provides information on how to produce the best analyses of wastewater in order to meet the above mentioned requirements. This reference will prove invaluable to all local water companies, industrial companies producing wastewater, as well as environment agencies and researchers.