Download or read book Determinants of Reductions in Childhood Stunting N Malawi s Community based Nutrition Programs written by Saskia J. M. Osendarp and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood malnutrition is still a public health concern in Malawi. Since 2013 the government of Malawi (GoM) has been implementing a large-scale multisectoral nutrition program, which expanded to all districts of the country with the World Bank Group and other donor funding. At the start of this program a national baseline survey was conducted, and in early 2018, an endline survey was conducted. The endline survey followed a mixed-methods approach similar to the 2013 baseline survey, using both quantitative and qualitative data collection measurements. An Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis was used to determine the pathways that contributed most to the program's success. In addition, a panel dataset was constructed to compare the nutritional outcomes of children within the same household who were born before and after the program intervention. The findings of the endline survey confirm the positive trends observed in childhood malnutrition in Malawi. Between 2013 and 2018, nutrition indicators improved and the percentage of children under age five who were stunted fell from forty-two percent in 2013 to thirty-seven percent in 2018. Improvements were observed in some underlying factors: the percentage of deliveries attended by a skilled birth attendant and handwashing both improved significantly between 2013 and 2018. The findings from the decomposition analysis and cross-sectional and panel data suggest that improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), in particular, handwashing and antenatal care (ANC) practices, were largely responsible for the observed improvements in child nutrition. The findings of the Community-Based Nutrition (CBN) Survey further suggest that the country should consider investing in more coordination and capacity at the district and community levels and should address inequalities in program performance across districts, delivering more context-specific investments and program designs while moving forward.
Download or read book Malawi stories of change in nutrition Evidence review written by Roschnik, Natalie and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-01-24 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of evidence was conducted to understand the trends and determinants of malnutrition and identify interventions and programmes that improved maternal and child nutrition in Malawi. While children are less malnourished than two decades ago, one in three children remains stunted (37%) and 63% are anaemic. Children born from younger and less educated mothers, or from poorer rural households are more likely to be malnourished. One in ten children are born with a low birth weight (< 2.5kgs), with nearly half of them stunted by age two. The main causes of malnutrition include recurring sickness, poor infant and young child feeding and hygiene practices and low use of health and nutrition services, influenced by a wide range of factors, including food insecurity, poverty, gender inequality and food taboos. Programme evaluations and intervention trials have shown mixed results but overall highlight the need to address the multiple underlying drivers of malnutrition, rather than focus on one intervention.
Download or read book Determinants of children s nutritional status in Malawi written by Chilora, Lemekezani K. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malnutrition reduction efforts can be targeted based on the characteristics that affect children’s nutritional status. Using data from a nationally representative survey, we model the determinants of young children’s nutritional status in Malawi as measured by height-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores. We identify several determinants of children’s nutritional status including their gender (boys are more malnourished than girls), their mother’s education, the food security and location of their household (rural children are more acutely but not chronically malnourished than urban children) and access to clean water.
Download or read book An Investment Framework for Nutrition written by Meera Shekar and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Investment Framework for Nutrition: Reaching the Global Targets for Stunting, Anemia, Breastfeeding, and Wasting estimates the costs, impacts, and financing scenarios to achieve the World Health Assembly global nutrition targets for stunting, anemia in women, exclusive breastfeeding and the scaling up of the treatment of severe wasting among young children. To reach these four targets, the world needs US$70 billion over 10 years to invest in high-impact nutrition-specific interventions. This investment would have enormous benefits: 65 million cases of stunting and 265 million cases of anemia in women would be prevented in 2025 as compared with the 2015 baseline. In addition, at least 91 million more children would be treated for severe wasting and 105 million additional babies would be exclusively breastfed during the first six months of life over 10 years. Altogether, achieving these targets would avert at least 3.7 million child deaths. Every dollar invested in this package of interventions would yield between US$4 and US$35 in economic returns, making investing in early nutrition one of the best value-for-money development actions. Although some of the targets—especially those for reducing stunting in children and anemia in women—are ambitious and will require concerted efforts in financing, scale-up, and sustained commitment, recent experience from several countries suggests that meeting these targets is feasible. These investments in the critical 1000-day window of early childhood are inalienable and portable and will pay lifelong dividends—not only for children directly affected but also for us all in the form of more robust societies—that will drive future economies.
Download or read book All Hands On Deck written by Emmanuel Skoufias and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-07-15 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Sub-Saharan Africa, the scale of undernutrition is staggering; 58 million children under the age of five are too short for their age (stunted), and 14 million weigh too little for their height (wasted). Poor diets in terms of diversity, quality, and quantity, combined with illness and poor water and sanitation facilities, are linked with deficiencies of micronutrients—such as iodine, vitamin A, and iron—associated with growth, development, and immune function. In the short term, inequities in access to the determinants of nutrition increase the incidence of undernutrition and diarrheal disease. In the long term, the chronic undernutrition of children has important consequences for individuals and societies: a high risk of stunting, impaired cognitive development, lower school attendance rates, reduced human capital attainment, and a higher risk of chronic disease and health problems in adulthood. Inequities in access to services early in life contribute to the intergenerational transmission of poverty. Recent World Bank estimates suggest that the income penalty a country incurs for not having eliminated stunting when today’s workers were children is about 9†“10 percent of gross domestic product per capita in Sub-Saharan Africa. Much of the effort to date has focused on the costing, financing, and impact of nutrition-specific interventions delivered mainly through the health sector to reach the global nutrition targets for stunting, anemia, and breastfeeding, and interventions for treating wasting. However, the determinants of undernutrition are multisectoral, and the solution to undernutrition requires multisectoral approaches. An acceleration of the progress to reduce stunting in Sub-Saharan Africa requires engaging additional sectors—such as agriculture; education; social protection; and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)—to improve nutrition. This book lays the groundwork for more effective multisectoral action by analyzing and generating empirical evidence to inform the joint targeting of nutrition-sensitive interventions. Using information from 33 recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), measures are constructed to capture a child’s access to food security, care practices, health care, and WASH, to identify gaps in access among different socioeconomic groups; and to relate access to these nutrition drivers to nutrition outcomes. All Hands on Deck: Reducing Stunting through Multisectoral Efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa addresses three main questions: • Do children have inadequate access to the underlying determinants of nutrition? • What is the association between stunting and inadequate food, care practices, health, and WASH access? • Can the sectors that have the greatest impact on stunting be identified? This book provides country authorities with a holistic picture of the gaps in access to the drivers of nutrition within countries to assist them in the formulation of a more informed, evidence-based, and balanced multisectoral strategy against undernutrition.
Download or read book Modelling Under nutrition in Under five Children in Malawi written by Lana Chikhungu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Global Health written by Ilona Kickbusch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 2881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global health is a rapidly emerging discipline with a transformative potential for public policy and international development. Emphasizing transnational health issues, global health aims to improve health and achieve health equity for all people worldwide. Its multidisciplinary scope includes contributions from many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences, including clinical medicine, public health, social and behavioral sciences, environmental sciences, economics, public policy, law and ethics. This large reference offers up-to-date information and expertise across all aspects of global health and helps readers to achieve a truly multidisciplinary understanding of the topics, trends as well as the clinical, socioeconomic and environmental drivers impacting global health. As a fully comprehensive, state-of-the-art and continuously updated, living reference, the Handbook of Global Health is an important, dynamic resource to provide context for global health clinical care, organizational decision-making, and overall public policy on many levels. Health workers, physicians, economists, environmental and social scientists, trainees and medical students as well as professionals and practitioners will find this handbook of great value.
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 2 written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.
Download or read book Effective Community Based Nutrition Programming in Malawi written by Alexander Kalimbira and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite a wealth of knowledge on "what works" in public health nutrition programming, effective implementation of a battery of integrated interventions in communities that are faced with multiple nutrition burdens has remained a momentous challenge. A World Vision-funded Micronutrient and Health (MICAH) programme was implemented in Malawi between 1996 and 2005, with three main objectives: (1) to increase intake and bioavailability of vitamin A, iron and iodine; (2) to decrease diseases that affect micronutrient nutrition; and, (3) to build capacity for delivery systems. Using an integrated community-based approach, the MICAH programme contributed to a significant reduction in the prevalence of anaemia and stunting, which are two leading nutrition problems of public health concern in low-resource settings. This book chronicles the MICAH programme and its contribution to public health nutrition in Malawi, with applications in countries that have similar socioeconomic conditions.
Download or read book Care and Nutrition written by Patrice L. Engle and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: List of tables; Education of caregiver; Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of caregiver; Physical health and nutritional status of caregiver; Mental health, self-confidence, and lack of stress of caregiver; Autonomy and control of resources in the household by caregiver; Workload and time availability of caregiver; Social support for caregiver; Estimates of time spent on child care from observation and recall; Feeding practices: caregiver-child interactions; Feeding practices: child variables; Psychosocial care: child and caregiver interactions; Psychosocial care: child variables; Illustrations; The unicef conceptual model; The extended model of care; The transactional model of care; Pathways of interaction of education with caregiving; Possible pathways of interaction of maternal health and caregiving; Summary; Introduction; Developments in conceptualizing care; Resources for care; Care practices.
Download or read book Disease and Mortality in Sub Saharan Africa written by Dean T. Jamison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current data and trends in morbidity and mortality for the sub-Saharan Region as presented in this new edition reflect the heavy toll that HIV/AIDS has had on health indicators, leading to either a stalling or reversal of the gains made, not just for communicable disorders, but for cancers, as well as mental and neurological disorders.
Download or read book Predisposing and Reinforcing Factors of Undernutrition Among 0 to 59 Months Old Children in Rural Communities of Central Malawi written by Emmanuel Chilanga and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Child undernutrition is a public health problem in Malawi. In 2015, about 23% of child mortality was linked to the phenomenon. Child undernutrition is more prevalent in rural areas and there is limited data to inform rural-specific programs. The aims of this study are to examine the prevalence and predisposing factors of undernutrition among 0-59 months-old children in rural central Malawi. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 538 child/mother dyads were systematically selected from postnatal clinics. Anthropometric assessment techniques and socio-demographic questionnaire was used to collect data. Child Z-scores for anthropometric data were calculated using Anthro v3.2.2. Logistic regressions were used to determine correlates of undernutrition. Results: The rates of stunting, underweight, and wasting were 42%, 11%, and 3%, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models, limited access to safe water, and maternal exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) were risk factors of child stunting ( OR =1.72, CI : 1.13-2.61) and ( OR =1.505, CI : 1.001-2.261) respectively. Child deworming, born at a low weight, and food insecurity were some of risk factors of child underweight ( OR = 2.14, CI: 1.18-3.89), ( OR = 2.41, CI : 1.23-4.71), and ( OR = 1.89, CI : 1.01-3.51) respectively. Households that were near domestic water supply had low risk of registering wasted children ( OR = 0.18, CI: 0.41-0.79).Conclusions: Only the prevalence of child stunting is greater in central Malawi compared to national level. This study suggests that child nutrition planners in Dowa district should pay attention to water access, food security, child deworming, childbirth weight, and IPV.Funding Information: The study did not have any external funding. Declaration of Interests: We declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The authors received research ethics approval from the Non-Medical Research Ethics Board at University of Livingstonia in Malawi (UNILIA-REC-4/18), and at McGill University, Canada (REB File #: 503-0518). The study also received written consent from Dowa district health office. Informed oral consents were obtained from all participants before each interview. The study did not involve experiments on human subjects.
Download or read book Nutrition and Growth written by Moshe Phillip and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2022-03-04 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adequate nutrition is crucial for normal child growth and it is important, yet challenging, to define the best nutrition for healthy and active children as well as for those who suffer from acute or chronic disease, considering the varying needs of different age groups. As in past issues, in the present volume of the Nutrition and Growth Yearbook, leading international specialists in nutrition and growth have selected the most interesting studies from peer-reviewed journals published between July 2020 and June 2021, and offer their comments on these manuscripts. This publication provides a significant contribution to the interaction between nutrition and growth as a major issue for growing children, their parents, and the medical teams taking care of them throughout the neonatal period, infancy, childhood, and adolescence.
Download or read book Animal Sourced Foods and Child Stunting written by Derek Headey and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stunting affects 160 million pre-school children globally with adverse life-long consequences. While work within nutritional science suggests that stunting in early childhood is associated with low intakes of animal-sourced foods (ASFs), this topic has received little attention from economists. We attempt to redress this omission through an analysis of 130,432 children aged 6-23)months from 49 countries. We document distinctive patterns of ASF consumption among children in different regions. We find evidence of strong associations between stunting and a generic ASF consumption indicator, as well as dairy, meat/fish, and egg consumption indicators, and evidence that consuming multiple ASFs is more advantageous than any single ASF. We explore why ASF consumption is low but also so variable across countries. Non-tradable ASFs (fresh milk, eggs) are a very expensive source of calories in low-income countries and caloric prices of these foods are strongly associated with children's consumption patterns. Other demand-side factors are also important, but the strong influence of prices implies an important role for agricultural policies--in production, marketing and trade--to improve the accessibility and affordability of ASFs in poorer countries.
Download or read book Child Growth and Nutrition in Developing Countries written by Per Pinstrup-Andersen and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nineteen experts offer current knowledge and perspectives from nutrition, public health, epidemiology, agricultural and consumer economics, anthropology, child development, rural sociology, and community development. Combining academic perspectives with practical experience, they spell out ways of implementing simple nutritional/growth-promoting strategies that are financially and technically feasible.
Download or read book Explaining Child Malnutrition in Developing Countries written by Lisa C. Smith and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2000 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One in three preschool children in developing countries is undernourished. Consequently, they are likely to have impaired immune systems, poor cognitive development, low productivity as adults, and susceptibility to diet-related chronic diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease later in life. Undernourished female preschoolers are likely to grow into undernourished young women who are more likely to give birth to babies who are undernourished even before they are born, thus perpetuating the intergenerational transmission of deprivation. This report sheds light on some of the main causes of child malnutrition, projects how many children are likely to be malnourished in the year 2020 given current trends, and identifies priority actions for reducing malnutrition most quickly in the coming decades.
Download or read book Changes in food and nutrition security in Malawi written by Iñigo Verduzco-Gallo and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large proportion of Malawian households are caught in a trap where poverty and food insecurity reinforce one another and where periods of food deficits and severe food crises are frequent occurrences. In recognition of this, the Malawian government has since 2005/06 implemented a large-scale Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP), which supplies half of smallholder farmers with sufficient fertilizer and maize seeds to satisfy the maize consumption needs of an average-sized family. While the program boosted maize production and lowered maize prices, thus ensuring increased caloric availability at the household level, its effect on overall food consumption, dietary diversity, micronutrient deficiency, and child nutrition is less clear. This study evaluates household expenditure survey data to measure changes in nutrition outcomes between 2004/05 and 2010/11.
