Download or read book Determinants of Grazed Forage Voluntary Intake in Cattle written by Carlos E. Lascano and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Forage in Ruminant Nutrition written by Dennis Minson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forage in Ruminant Nutrition is the 12th text in a series of books about animal feeing and nutrition. The series is intended to keep readers updated on the developments occurring in these fields. As it is apparent that ruminant animals are important throughout the world because of the meat and milk they produce, knowledge about the feeds available to ruminants must also be considered for increased production and efficiency. This text provides information that readers will find considerably invaluable about forage feeds, such as grass, legumes, hay, and straw. The book is composed of 16 chapters that feature the following concepts of ruminant forage feeding: • composition of ruminant products and the nutrients required for maintenance and reproduction; • energy and nutrient available in forage: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, copper, iodine, zinc, manganese, selenium, and cobalt; • intake of forage by housed ruminants; • grazing; • forage digestibility; • protein in ruminant nutrition; • protein and other nutrient deficiencies. This volume will be an invaluable reference for students and professionals in agricultural chemistry and grassland and animal husbandry researches.

Download or read book Factors Affecting the Demand for Grazed Forage in the United States written by C. Kerry Gee and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Factors Affecting Intake and Digestibility of Grazed Forage written by James Pat Telford and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle written by Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-16 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As members of the public becomes more concious of the food they consume and its content, higher standards are expected in the preparation of such food. The updated seventh edition of Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle explores the impact of cattle's biological, production, and environmental diversities, as well as variations on nutrient utilization and requirements. More enhanced than previous editions, this edition expands on the descriptions of cattle and their nutritional requirements taking management and environmental conditions into consideration. The book clearly communicates the current state of beef cattle nutrient requirements and animal variation by visually presenting related data via computer-generated models. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle expounds on the effects of beef cattle body condition on the state of compensatory growth, takes an in-depth look at the variations in cattle type, and documents the important effects of the environment and stress on food intake. This volume also uses new data on the development of a fetus during pregnancy to prescribe nutrient requirements of gestating cattle more precisely. By focusing on factors such as product quality and environmental awareness, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle presents standards and advisements for acceptable nutrients in a complete and conventional manner that promotes a more practical understanding and application.

Download or read book Nutritional Limits to Animal Production from Pastures written by J. B. Hacker and published by C.A.B. International. This book was released on 1982 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keynote address; Pastures and animal production; Problems with pastures: problems of animal production from temperate pastures; Problems of animal production from mediterranean pastures; Problems of animal production from tropical pastures; Limitations caused by chemical composition and digestibility: Differences between species in forage quality; Environmental and nutritional factors affecting herbage quality; Deleterious factors in forages affecting animal production; Limitations to intake: Influence of sward characteristics on diet selection and herbage intake by the grazing animal; Effects of chemical and physical composition of herbage eaten upor intake; Animal factors affecting feed intake; Limitations to digestion and utilization: Microbial breakdown of feed in the digestive tract; Digestion and utilization of energy; Digestion and utilization of protein; Utilization of minerals; Overcoming limitations to animal production: Selecting and breeding better legumes; Selecting and breeding better quality grasses; Animal breeding for improved productivity; Overcoming nutritional limitations through pasture management; Forage conservation; Improving forage quality by processing; Supplementary feeding of grazing animals; Modification of rumen fermentation; Integration of grazing with other feed resources; Role of computer simulation in overcoming limitations to animal production from pasturtes; Summative address; Symposium highlights and their relevante to future research; List of participants.; Index.

Download or read book A Review of Some Factors Affecting Voluntary Pasture Intake of Dairy Cows Grazing Temperate Pastures written by M. Labastida and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Forage Quality Evaluation and Utilization written by George C. Fahey and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a historical foundation as well as a review of the state-of- the-art in forage science, detailing 25 years of progress in forage quality, evaluation, and utilization, along with the latest developments and new directions for future research. The volume is divided into six sections: overview of forage science; identification and quantitative measurement of forage quality components; intake as a critical element of forest quality; role of digestion and metabolism in determining forage quality; integrating concepts affecting changes in forage quality; and improving forage quality and evaluation. No index. Member price, $36. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Proceedings of the National Conference on Forage Quality Evaluation and Utilization September 3 4 1969 written by Robert F. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diet Selection and Voluntary Forage Intake by Cattle Sheep and Goats Grazing in Different Combinations written by Barron Scott Rector and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Voluntary Food Intake of Farm Animals written by J. M. Forbes and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Voluntary Food Intake of Farm Animals offers a wide discussion on food intake among farm animals. The book presents various studies, facts, details, and theories that are relevant to the subject. The first chapter begins by explaining the basic definition and significance of voluntary food intake. This topic is followed by discussions on meal patterns, the main features of eating, and the similarities between species. The next chapter explores theories about the food intake control, which are divided into two types: single-factor theories and multiple-factor theories. In Chapter 3, the discussion is on the food’s pathway, including elaborations on the various receptors. Chapter 4 considers the central nervous system’s involvement in the voluntary food intake and the energy balance regulation. The next couple of chapters highlight the possible reasons that affect food intake; among them are pregnancy, fattening, physical growths, and the environment. In the book’s remaining chapters, the discussion revolves around grass intake and the prediction and manipulation of voluntary food intake. The book serves as a valuable reference for undergraduates and postgraduates of biology and its related fields.

Download or read book Factors Affecting Herbage Intake and Grazing Behaviour in Cattle written by J. L. F. Zoby and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review is presented on the factors (a) affecting the apparent digestibility of forages, (b) regulating the voluntary food intake, (c) influencing herbage intake by grazing animals and (d) tcheniques for measuring herbage intake and grazing bechaviour. In the research project attention was concentrated on the effect of restriction and/ or supplementary feeding on herbage intake and the importance of grazing behaviour in determining the observed intake responses. Size of animal was also included so that the responses could be observed for animals differing in energy demand. Indoor trials were conducted to establish a herbage OMD, faecal N relationship in order to estimate intake of the grazing animals. A series of grazing experiments were then carried out in which herbage restrictions were imposed by increasing stocking rate under continuous grazing or by decreasing daily herbage allowance under strip grazing. Under continuous grazing, the restriction of herbage depressed intake and reduced bite size. In endeavours to maintain intake, the animals increased grazing time, biting rate and consequently total daily bites. Animals restricted under strip grazing did not show increases in grazing activities at low allowances because the restriction was not severe. The observations showed that small and medium animals were able to increase total daily bites at a high stocking rate under continuous grazing to a greater extent than large animals. Within each stocking rate the total daily bites were higher for small than for medium animals which in turn were higher than for large animals. Supplementary feeding increased the total OMI. In 1979, protein and energy supplements had similar effects on intake and LWG and supplementend animals gained more weight than unsupplemented. In 1980 total intake increased linearly with increasing level of supplement. Apart from a reduction in grazing time and total daily bites the supplement had no effect on grazing behaviour.

Download or read book Factors Influencing Livestock Behaviour and Performance written by Doug Fraser and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Forage A Vailability on Voluntary Intake and Feeding Behavior of Grazing Heifers written by Anastasios S. Nastis and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forage intake by animals is an important factor in determining production of livestock products from rangelands. However, relatively little is known of effects of such forage variables as availability and distribution in space upon intake. Even less is known about how the grazing animal modifies its feeding tactics when confronted with diminishing or limited supplies of available forage and how such altered behavior may affect the animal's energetic cost for existence. Forage intake, body weight gain, grazing time and biting rate of Angus heifers was related to forage availability and plant height on semiarid crested wheatgrass rangeland during the late summer. Forage availability was estimated within 10 percent of the 2 mean (P2plots. Forage intake was estimated from data on fecal production and in vitro digestibility of forage. Fecal production was determined by total collection, using fecal collection bags, and by a single-dose marker technique, used to estimate fecal production indirectly. Digestibility was determined by an in vitro procedure. Additionally crude protein and cell contents of forage were determined. Grazing time was measured by mechanical grazing clocks (Vibracorders) mounted on animals' necks. Biting rate was determined visually using a stop watch to time specific grazing intervals during which all bites were counted. There were a total of four 4-day trials during 1977 and five 4-day trials during 1978. Crude protein content within years was significantly higher during the third period in 1977 and during the fifth period in 1978 when regrowth occurred. Within years, in vitro digestibility was significantly higher only for the fifth trial during 1978. Cell contents decreased as grazing progressed only during 1978. Crude protein content, cell contents and in vitro digestibility were higher during 1977 than 1978. Forage intake of heifers did not vary significantly among successive grazing trials as forage availability declined from 919 to 143 kg DM/ha. Heifers apparently compensated for the diminishing forage availability by increasing grazing time from 380 to 656 min/day and biting rate from 37 to 50 bites/min. Grazing time was inversely related to forage availability and was expressed by the relationship y = 676.8 - 0.3x; r2 = 0.93. Biting rate was less correlated with forage availability and was described as y = 50.4 - 0.02x; r2 = 0.86. However, biting rate was more closely correlated with plant height as described by the relationship y = 53.0 - 0.48x; r2 = 0.95. Heifers maintained or gained 0.1 to 0.7 kg/head/day weight during all trials except the last trial in 1978 when they lost approximately 1.1 kg/head/day. The weight loss for this trial was apparently not a result of restricted forage intake or limited forage quality but partly due to extra maintenance energy expenditures attributable to increased grazing time and biting rate. Correlation between estimates of fecal output by the single dose marker technique with total fecal collection were not significant (P

Download or read book Factors Affecting Intake and Digestion of Forages by Cattle written by Dennis Brynie McCarthy and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in Warm Climates written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the PrefaceThe objective of this book is to review the basic knowledge and methodology of feeding grazing ruminants in tropical and semitropical countries. It is hoped this information will be of use to farmers, research specialists, teachers, students, extension specialists, feed manufacturers, and others throughout the world concerned with the nutrition of grazing ruminants. A unique feature is the identification of nutritional limitations of grazing ruminants in the tropics, which will be beneficial for increasing animal production efficiency through the application of improved nutrition. A large number of photographs illustrate nutritional deficiencies and conditions in tropical countries.This book contains 18 chapters concerned with the nutrition of grazing ruminants. The first chapter deals with the contributions, locations, and various types of ruminants and their importance to human welfare in the tropics and subtropics. Chapters 2 - 4 progress through nutrient requirements of grazing ruminants in warm climates, the effects of tropical heat on these requirements, and water requirements for ruminant species. Chapters 5 - 7 discuss grass and legume forage species suitable for tropical regions, pasture management procedures, and energy-protein supplementation programs needed during the extensive dry periods. The importance of tropical forages and soils toward meeting mineral requirements is discussed in Chapter 8. Chapters 9 -14 contain concise, up-to-date summaries of minerals emphasizing mineral status, incidence of mineral deficiencies and excesses in tropical regions, and benefits and methods of mineral supplementation for grazing ruminants are discussed in Chapters 15 - 17. Chapter 18 reviews vitamin nutrition considerations for ruminants consuming tropical forages.

Download or read book Forages Volume 2 written by Kenneth J. Moore and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forages: The Science of Grassland Agriculture, 7th Edition, Volume II will extensively evaluate the current knowledge and information on forage agriculture. Chapters written by leading researchers and authorities in grassland agriculture are aggregated under section themes, each one representing a major topic within grassland science and agriculture. This 7th edition will include two new additional chapters covering all aspects of forage physiology in three separate chapters, instead of one in previous editions. Chapters will be updated throughout to include new information that has developed since the last edition. This new edition of the classic reference serves as a comprehensive supplement to An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture, Volume I.