Download or read book Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry with Special Reference to Intellectual Property Rights written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of the TRIPS Mandated Intellectual Property Rights on Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries written by R. K. Rai and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry written by Yaeko Mitsumori and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-28 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyzes the impact of the revision of the Indian Patent Act (2005) on the Indian pharmaceutical industry, which has been achieving healthy growth over the past 30 to 40 years or more. As of 2005, the Indian pharmaceutical industry was ranked as No. 4 in the world in terms of volume and 15th in terms of value. WTO/TRIPS required India to revise its patent law, however, and to introduce product patents in the pharmaceutical field. Many not only in India but also in the world had argued that the local pharmaceutical industry could deteriorate once a strong patent law (such as a product patent) was introduced. However, the Indian pharmaceutical industry has continued to develop rapidly even after the revision of the patent law in 2005. This present study started with efforts to work out the reason the Indian pharmaceutical industry successfully expanded even after the introduction of product patents. The study found that a unique article (the so-called '3-d‘) inserted in the Patent Act 2005 might have played a role in diminishing or preventing a negative impact from the introduction of a strong patent system, such as a product patents. The study also considers that a change of the business model adopted by the Indian pharmaceutical industry might have contributed to diminishing the effect of the negative impact from the introduction of a strong patent law. This study also covers recent developments in India regarding intellectual property rights and the pharmaceutical industry. One is India’s very first compulsory license granted to an Indian pharmaceutical company, Natco, against the large German pharmaceutical firm Bayer; and the second is the Supreme Court decision on Novartis’ Gleevec. The study analyzes the fundamental problems that caused these two events: access to medicine and gaps in the concept of intellectual property in the pharmaceutical industry. As possible solutions to these fundamental issues, this book explores the ideas of voluntary licensing and tiered pricing.
Download or read book Intellectual Property Protection Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Transfer written by Edwin Mansfield and published by Washington, D.C. : World Bank. This book was released on 1994 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Rise of Indian Multinationals written by K. Sauvant and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-22 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors explore the rapid growth of Indian multinationals and provide valuable insights into the patterns and trends of their outward investments and the factors that led to their emergence in the global FDI market. They also look at their continuously evolving strategies in the global economy.
Download or read book Intellectual Property Pharmaceuticals and Public Health written by Kenneth C. Shadlen and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This impressive collection offers fascinating new perspectives on the impact of pharmaceutical patents on access to medicines in developing countries. The volume's editors have put together an important book that sets out clearly the challenges to public health in a wide range of national contexts. The book will be a valuable text for all scholars and decision-makers interested in the global politics of intellectual property rights and public health.' – Duncan Matthews, Queen Mary, University of London, UK This up-to-date book examines pharmaceutical development, access to medicines, and the protection of public health in the context of two fundamental changes that the global political economy has undergone since the 1970s, the globalization of trade and production and the increased harmonization of national regulations on intellectual property rights. With authors from eleven different countries presenting case studies of national experiences in Africa, Asia and the Americas, the book analyzes national strategies to promote pharmaceutical innovation, while at the same time assuring widespread access to medicines through generic pharmaceutical production and generic pharmaceutical importation. The expert chapters focus on patents as well as an array of regulatory instruments, including pricing and drug registration policies. Presenting in-depth analysis and original empirical research, this book will strongly appeal to academics and students of intellectual property, international health, international political economy, international development and law.
Download or read book Boosting Pharmaceutical Innovation in the Post TRIPS Era written by Burcu Kiliç and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boosting Pharmaceutical Innovation In The Post-TRIPS Era investigates the concept of innovation and illustrates the crucial role that patent strategies play within processes of pharmaceutical innovation. Drawing on extensive country and company case studies, it identifies the key issues relevant to the revival of local pharmaceutical industries.
Download or read book The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in India by U S Pharmaceutical Firms written by Shreya Shah and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The WTO and India s Pharmaceuticals Industry written by Sudip Chaudhuri and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995 brought about significant changes in international economic relations between countries. To comply with the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement of the WTO, India introduced product patent protection in pharmaceuticals from January 2005. TRIPS has generated a huge controversy in India and abroad. India has emerged as a major source of low-cost, quality drugs for the entire world and thus plays an important role. While there are a large number of pharmaceutical manufacturers in the world, only a handful of multinationals dominate the industry. By using patent rights, multinational companies prevented developing countries like India from realizing their potential of industrial growth and drug prices were among the highest in the world.
Download or read book The Effects of Extending Intellectual Property Rights Protection to Developing Countries written by Shubham Chaudhuri and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the TRIPS agreement, WTO members are required to enforce product patents for pharmaceuticals. The debate about the merits of this requirement has been and continues to be extremely contentious. Many poor developing economies claim that patent protection for pharmaceuticals will result in substantially higher prices for medicines, with adverse consequences for the health and well-being of their citizens. On the other hand, research-based global pharmaceutical companies, which claim to have lost billions of dollars because of patent infringement, argue that prices are unlikely to rise significantly because most patented products have therapeutic substitutes. In this paper we empirically investigate the basis of these claims. Central to the ongoing debate is the structure of demand for pharmaceuticals in poor economies where, because health insurance coverage is so rare, almost all medical expense are met out-of-pocket. Using a product-level data set from India, which is unique in terms of its detail and coverage, we estimate key price and expenditure elasticities and supply-side parameters for the fluoroquinolones sub-segment of the systemic anti-bacterials (i.e., antibiotics) segment of the Indian pharmaceuticals market. We then use these estimates to carry out counterfactual simulations of what prices, profits (of both domestic firms and multinational subsidiaries) and consumer welfare would have been, had the fluoroquinolone molecules we study been under patent in India as they were in the U.S. at the time. Our results suggest that concerns about the potential adverse welfare effects of TRIPS may have some basis. We estimate that - in the absence of any price regulation or compulsory licensing - the total annual welfare losses to the Indian economy from the withdrawal of the four domestic product groups in the fluoroquinolone sub-segment would be on the order of U.S. $713 million, or about 118% of the sales of the entire systemic anti-bacter.
Download or read book How India Can Attract More Foreign Direct Investment Create Jobs and Increase GDP written by Robert J. Shapiro and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the e ...
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights in Pharmaceutical Industry written by Bayya Subba Rao and published by Pharmamed Press. This book was released on 2023-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Intellectual Property Rights in Pharmaceutical Industry: Theory and Practice" is an exclusive book shedding light on the fundamental concepts of intellectual property protection, with a special emphasis on pharmaceuticals. The book explores how the importance of intellectual property rights has grown in the last few decades, especially in India, after signing the World Trade Organisation agreement. The book explains how the Indian government has made necessary amendments in the intellectual property laws, built infrastructure, and even introduced topics related to intellectual property rights in the academic curriculum. The book dives deeply into the Indian patent system, with case studies from US and Indian courts serving as examples, to provide a better understanding of the system. The third edition is a result of the major administrative changes observed in the Indian government in recent years. This book is aimed at students, industry professionals, scientists, regulators, and policymakers interested in the pharmaceutical industry. This book serves as a valuable resource for B. Pharm, Pharm D, M. Pharm, and Ph.D. level students, along with other science educational programs in all the Universities of India. On reading this book, the pharmaceutical community will gain a better understanding of the intellectual property protection system, leading to an orientation of research development to ensure intellectual property protection. This book is a must-have for anyone involved in the pharmaceutical industry who wants to understand the nuances of intellectual property protection in India.
Download or read book Intellectual Property Protection Direct Investment and Technology Transfer written by Edwin Mansfield and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 306. This paper examines ways in which state-owned enterprises (SOEs) may be structured, governed, operated, and financed as modern corporations. The authors present lessons learned from empirical research and eight case studies and explore the possibilities of systemic limits to reform.
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment in South Asia written by Pravakar Sahoo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1990s, the governments of South Asian countries acted as ‘facilitators’ to attract FDI. As a result, the inflow of FDI increased. However, to become an attractive FDI destination as China, Singapore, or Brazil, South Asia has to improve the local conditions of doing business. This book, based on research that blends theory, empirical evidence, and policy, asks and attempts to answer a few core questions relevant to FDI policy in South Asian countries: Which major reforms have succeeded? What are the factors that influence FDI inflows? What has been the impact of FDI on macroeconomic performance? Which policy priorities/reforms needed to boost FDI are pending? These questions and answers should interest policy makers, academics, and all those interested in FDI in the South Asian region and in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan.
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers and Pharmaceutical Innovation written by Chun-Yu Ho and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic innovation based on a data set covering the pharmaceutical industries across 29 provinces in the People's Republic of China (PRC) over the period 1998-2007. We show that there is a negative horizontal spillover effect of FDI on domestic innovation when the intellectual property rights (IPR) regime is weak. This spillover effect became more positive when the IPR regime |strengthened after the PRC's accession to the World Trade Organization) (WTO) in 2001. We also show that there is a positive upstream spillover effect of FDI on domestic suppliers of pharmaceutical intermediates. Taken together, our findings provide important policy implications on why developing countries should encourage FDI and strengthen the IPR regime together to enhance domestic innovation for promoting productivity and economic growth.
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights and Pharmaceuticals written by Hend Youssef Abdel Rahman Hosny and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: It is commonly contended that international legal regime aims at promoting equality between states and helping underdeveloped states develop. Amongst the methods that have been argued to promote economic development is increased patent protection. Proponents of the patent regime argue that increased protection will increase foreign direct investment in different sectors of developing countries, such as the pharmaceutical industry, as well as allow for the spread of technology and known how. However, as the thesis will show this has not been the case. The thesis will demonstrate how the current international legal regime has a Eurocentric bias that works to the benefit developed and against developing states. Therefore, perpetuating a cycle of underdevelopment, poverty and inequality, within developing states. Specifically, this argument is made through an analysis of the patent regime and its effects on access to pharmaceuticals, which demonstrates how increased patent protection, especially under the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Treaty, has resulted in the is lack of access to medicine in developing countries. Consequently, people in underdeveloped countries remain sick, unproductive, and experience high mortality rates from curable diseases, which directly affects the economic development of those developing states.
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights the WTO and Developing Countries written by Carlos M. Correa and published by Zed Books. This book was released on 2000-02 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Review of the Agreement
