Download or read book Determinants of Foreign Currency Borrowing in the New Member States of the EU written by Marcel Tirpák and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The countries of the Middle East and North Africa, and the Caucasus and Central Asia have the highest output volatility in the world. Fiscal policy is a powerful tool that can help dampen the business cycles. This paper analyzes the cyclical properties of fiscal policy in the region during the past four decades and explores whether the response during the current global economic crisis is different in 2009. Across a sample of 28 countries, we find that fiscal policy has typically amplified the business cycles and that it has been more procyclical in good times than in bad times. However, the response to the current crisis has differed from the past in that about half of the countries responded countercyclically in 2009. Going forward, the fiscal space during downturns varies widely across countries, depending on the level of debt, access to capital markets, and natural resource wealth. Not surprisingly, the oil exporters have more fiscal room than oil importers, although there are some oil importers that still have room to respond countercyclically in bad times.

Download or read book IMF Working Papers written by Marcel Tirpák and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carry Trade vs Deposit Driven Euroization written by Ms.Nan Geng and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial “euroization”—or “dollarization” outside of Central and Eastern Europe—is typically analyzed as a singular phenomenon that can be traced to a common set of factors. This paper argues that two types of euroization need to be distinguished, which have different causes, economic consequences, and policy implications: carry trade euroization that emerges when households and corporations seek to exploit interest rate differentials between foreign currency loans and local currency deposits, and deposit-driven euroization that is rooted in distrust in the local currency as a savings vehicle. We present a theoretical framework that sketches key features of both euroization types, and test it with data from 28 Emerging European and Central Asian economies.

Download or read book Foreign Currency Bank Funding and Global Factors written by Signe Krogstrup and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The literature on the drivers of capital flows stresses the prominent role of global financial factors. Recent empirical work, however, highlights how this role varies across countries and time, and this heterogeneity is not well understood. We revisit this question by focusing on financial intermediaries’ funding flows in different currencies. A concise portfolio model shows that the sign and magnitude of the response of foreign currency funding flows to global risk factors depend on the financial intermediary’s pre-existing currency exposure. An analysis of a rich dataset of European banks’ aggregate balance sheets lends support to the model predictions, especially in countries outside the euro area.

Download or read book Household Debt and Foreign Currency Borrowing in New Member States of the EU written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Credit Boom in the EU New Member States written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-05-01 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, most of the EU New Member States experienced a severe credit-boom bust cycle. This paper argues that the credit boom-bust cycle was to a large extent the result of factors external to the region (“bad luck”). Rapid credit growth followed from a high liquidity in global markets and the particular attractiveness of “new Europe” for capital flows, while the end of the credit cycle was brought about by a global crisis. However, the fact that some countries managed to avoid most of the excesses, including asset price bubbles and foreign exchange lending, suggests that policies and policy failures (“bad policies”)—in particular overly expansionary macroeconomic settings and excessively optimistic views on prudential risks—also have played a critical role.

Download or read book Cross Border Currency Exposures written by Luciana Juvenal and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides a dataset on the currency composition of the international investment position for a group of 50 countries for the period 1990-2017. It improves available data based on estimates by incorporating actual data reported by statistical authorities and refining estimation methods. The paper illustrates current and new uses of these data, with particular focus on the evolution of currency exposures of cross-border positions.

Download or read book Dollarization and De dollarization in Transitional Economies of Southeast Asia written by Koji Kubo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds light on the dollarization trends of four transitional economies in Southeast Asia: Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Moving beyond the tendency to focus on the Latin American experience of dollarization and prolonged high inflation, the chapters in this book compare how payment dollarization has been more persistent than other types of dollarization in this region due to network externalities. The book illustrates that dollarization started in the underdeveloped financial system in these countries and that dollarization interacted with financial development, which is in contrast to dollarization in Latin America. This project extends the frontiers of empirical studies on dollarization. It will be of interest to students, researchers and policy makers concerned with dollarization and economics in Southeast Asia.

Download or read book Handbook on Critical Political Economy and Public Policy written by Christoph Scherrer and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-01-20 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive and stimulating Handbook examines the contribution of political economy to public policy. It provides an overview of several strands of critical political economy, supported by case studies from OECD countries, Latin America, South Africa, and South and East Asia.

Download or read book Hungary and Other Emerging EU Countries in the Financial Storm written by Júlia Király and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the banking crisis and the events surrounding it in Hungary and other emerging EU member countries in 2007-2013. Written by Júlia Király, a former policymaker, and the Deputy Governor of the Hungarian Central Bank at the time of the crisis, it also offers a firsthand account of the processes in and responses to the financial crisis. While there is extensive literature on the crisis, most of it focuses on the US or the Eurozone, sometimes mentioning the “emerging world” in passing. However, Central and Eastern Europe experienced the crisis very differently than other emerging countries. In the pre-crisis years, the region in accession to the EU attracted abundant fresh capital, but the seemingly unconstrained global liquidity fuelled credit bubbles. After the Lehman crisis, capital rapidly fled these countries. In this part of the world, the recession proved to be much worse than elsewhere, with double-digit growth soon turning into a double-digit decline in GDP. Several countries had to turn to the IMF and the EU for stand-by credit. Based on her own inside experience as a top central banker, the author offers a personal yet professional analysis of the causes and consequences of the financial hurricane.

Download or read book A Strategy for Resolving Europe s Problem Loans written by Mr.Shekhar Aiyar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-09-24 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe’s banking system is weighed down by high levels of non-performing loans (NPLs), which are holding down credit growth and economic activity. This discussion note uses a new survey of European country authorities and banks to examine the structural obstacles that discourage banks from addressing their problem loans. A three pillared strategy is advocated to remedy the situation, comprising: (i) tightened supervisory policies, (ii) insolvency reforms, and (iii) the development of distressed debt markets.

Download or read book Central and Eastern Europe written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues Paper’s objective is to illustrate economic benefits and costs from euro adoption by reviewing the main arguments and empirical evidence in Central and Eastern Europe: New Member States (NMS). The parameters of the euro adoption debate have shifted. Although countries joining the euro area in the 2000s could expect to benefit from a significant country risk premium, this premium has mostly vanished with the euro crisis. The NMS that have maintained exchange rate flexibility and monetary policy autonomy have, in general, made good use of it. During convergence, nominal currency appreciation supported more balanced growth and restrained credit and asset price booms. It is an open question whether the macroeconomic volatility of the past decade will recur. If divergent growth patterns and volatility were to repeat, euro adoption would constrain macro-policy options, especially for economies with large income gaps and asynchronized business cycles vis-à-vis the euro area. Thus, a large burden would be placed on other policy instruments to safeguard balanced growth, notably counter-cyclical fiscal policy and macro-prudential policies. Structural reforms to boost growth potential and facilitate internal adjustment would also be important.

Download or read book How Emerging Europe Came Through the 2008 09 Crisis written by Mr.Bas B. Bakker and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-08-25 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Europe was particularly hard hit by the global financial crisis, but a concerted effort by local policymakers and the international community staved off impending financial meltdown and laid the foundations for renewed convergence with western Europe. This book, written by staff of the IMF's European Department that worked on the region at the time, provides a unique account of events: the origins of the crisis and the precrisis policy setting; the crisis trigger and the scramble to avoid the worst; the stabilization and recovery; the remaining challenges; and the lessons for the future. Five regional chapters provide the analytics to put events into perspective. Dedicated chapters for all 19 countries of the region dig deeper into the idiosyncrasies of each economy and provide extensive economic data. A final chapter distills the lessons from the overall regional experience and the wide intraregional diversity. Taken together, they make this book an indispensible reference for economic scholars of the region and beyond.

Download or read book Re Imagining Sovereign Debt in International Law through the lens of Socio Economic Rights written by Muhammad Bello and published by Pretoria University Law Press. This book was released on 2024-07-22 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Re-imagining sovereign debt examines the extent to which sovereign debtors’ contractual obligations may be honoured where the socio-economic rights of their citizens face clear danger of non-realisation. It critiques the foundational legal paradigm that influences and shapes the substance of the sovereign debt regime. In doing this, the author employs legal theory to show the inadequacies of the regime in terms of its failure to embrace the dynamism of sovereign debt which he characterises as a debt with a complex mix of public-private elements, hybridity of norms and multiplicity of interests beyond the two-sided creditor-debtor matrix. By locating socio-economic rights in all critical phases of the regime, the author shows that the recurring circles of debt crises are linked to the continuing influence of the private law paradigm. The book offers a fresh perspective to re-imagine sovereign debt using insights from transnational legal theorists and advocates prioritising socio-economic rights considerations in debt contracting, restructuring and adjudication through a more concrete recognition of creditors’ responsibilities. Re-imagining sovereign debt will interest lawyers, policymakers, diplomats, scholars and researchers interested in the law, history and politics of sovereign debt.

Download or read book Financial Market Regulation and Reforms in Emerging Markets written by Masahiro Kawai and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011-05-01 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Brookings Institution Press and Asian Development Bank Institute publication The rapid spread and far-reaching impact of the global financial crisis have highlighted the need for strengthening financial systems in advanced economies and emerging markets. Emerging markets face particular challenges in developing their nascent financial systems and making them resilient to domestic and external shocks. Financial reforms are critical to these economies as they pursue programs of high and sustainable growth. In this timely volume Masahiro Kawai, Eswar Prasad, and their contributors offer a systematic overview of recent developments in—and the latest thinking about—regulatory frameworks in both advanced countries and emerging markets. Their analyses and observations clearly point out the challenges to improving regulation, efficiency of markets, and access to the fi nancial system. Policymakers and financial managers in emerging markets are struggling to learn from the crisis and will need to grapple with some key questions as they restructure and reform their financial markets: • What lessons does the global financial crisis of 2007–09 offer for the establishment of efficient and flexible regulatory structures? • How can policymakers develop broader financial markets while managing the associated risks? • How—or should—they make the formal financial system more accessible to more people? • How might they best contend with multinational financial institutions? This book is an important step in getting a better grasp of these issues and making progress toward solutions that strike a balance between promoting financial market development and efficiency on the one hand, and ensuring financial stability on the other.

Download or read book The European Central Bank written by Hanspeter K. Scheller and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive 200-page overview of the ECB from its inception in June 1998 until the present day.

Download or read book International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity written by International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-01-07 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This update of the guidelines published in 2001 sets forth the underlying framework for the Reserves Data Template and provides operational advice for its use. The updated version also includes three new appendices aimed at assisting member countries in reporting the required data.