Download or read book Detection of Listeria Monocytogenes and Implementation of Listeria Intervention Strategies to Control the Spread of the Organism written by PATRICK KIMUYU and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-01-22 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2017 in the subject Medicine - Epidemiology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Listeria monocytogenes remains to be one of the most leading causes of food-borne illnesses. It has become a serious problem in food manufacturing plants owing to its food poisoning capability which threatens the health of food products’ consumers, especially in the United States where food processing occur at a high magnitude compared to other parts of the world. Stephan and Jemmi (2006) report “listeriosis ranks among the most frequent causes of death due to food-borne illness. L. monocytogenes infections are responsible for the highest hospitalization rates (91%) amongst known food-borne pathogens and have been linked to sporadic episodes and large outbreaks of human illness worldwide”. This is attributable to its high case fatality, and this is probably the principal reason as to why L. monocytogenes is regarded as one of the most significant food-associated pathogen. This Gram-positive bacterium causes human listeriosis and contamination with L. monocytogenes has been one of the principal microbiological causes of processed food recalls, primary in regard to seafood, poultry, meat and dairy products such as milk and cheese. Research report indicates that the increased pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes is enhanced by its adaptability to food-processing environments. For instance, this bacterium can thrive and multiply under refrigeration conditions. It has also been found to thrive in drains in food processing plants. Moreover, L. monocytogenes ability to form biofilms enhances its colonization, distribution and adaptation to a wide range of environmental conditions including adverse temperatures and PH ranges. Therefore, this paper will discuss the detection and identification of L. monocytogenes, and present comprehensive implementation of Listeria intervention strategies to control contamination of food products with the food-borne pathogen.
Download or read book Development of Molecular Subtyping Databases to Improve Control of Listeria Monocytogenes written by Eric Brandon Fugett and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause a serious foodborne disease, listeriosis, which may result in abortion, meningitis, and septicemia. The high hospitalization and mortality rates of listeriosis warrant continued research efforts to reduce the transmission of L. monocytogenes to humans. Molecular subtyping techniques, which can be used to differentiate bacteria beyond the species level, facilitate the identification and tracking of L. monocytogenes subtypes throughout the food chain. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is a rapid and highly discriminatory molecular subtyping method currently used by public health and regulatory agencies to identify and track outbreaks of foodborne disease and link outbreak related cases to suspected vehicles. Although PFGE facilitated outbreak recognition and response has been successful in reducing the number of listeriosis associated fatalities, additional large-scale analysis of subtype data is needed to develop a better understanding of L. monocytogenes ecology and further reduce the incidence of foodborne listeriosis. To this end, we subtyped 495 L. monocytogenes isolates from human clinical cases, foods, ruminant farms, and urban and natural environments using two-enzyme (AscI and ApaI) PFGE to better understand L. monocytogenes PFGE type diversity and distribution. We found that while L. monocytogenes is a genetically diverse organism, nine PFGE types were significantly associated with certain sources, and two PFGE types were specific to a single processing facility each. Conversely, nine PFGE types were geographically widespread and isolated from multiple sources, indicating that large molecular subtyping databases are necessary to facilitate epidemiological investigations by identifying the distribution patterns of PFGE types that cause outbreaks. To meet this need, we developed PathogenTracker, a publicly available molecular subtyping database that will facilitate storage and large-scale analysis of different L. monocytogenes subtype data. Data in PathogenTracker can be queried through a variety of options, including DNA sequence and banding pattern-based searches (e.g., ribotype, PFGE type). This database also allows for the creation of individualized summary tables and permits simple statistical analysis of summary table data. Currently populated with subtype data for over 6,000 L. monocytogenes isolates, PathogenTracker will facilitate more rapid listeriosis outbreak detection and source tracking, development of a better understanding of L. monocytogenes transmission and ecology, and definition of specific characteristics for L. monocytogenes subtypes isolated from different sources populations. We also developed a freely available standard L. monocytogenes reference strain collection, organized into a diversity set (25 isolates representing 25 PFGE types) and an outbreak set (21 isolates representing nine listeriosis outbreaks), which has not been previously available. In combination with inclusion of these isolates in PathogenTracker, which includes continuously updated information on strain characteristics and peer-reviewed references that utilized specific isolates, this strain collection provides a unique resource that will aid efforts to further improve our ability to reduce human foodborne listeriosis through development of improved diagnostic procedures and intervention strategies. In addition, this strain collection provides a unique resource for basic and applied studies on the physiology, ecology, evolution, and pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes. (Abstract).
Download or read book Evaluation of Identification and Differentiation Strategies for Rapid Detection of Listeria Monocytogenes and Other Foodborne Microorganisms written by Vera K. Petrova and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preventing illnesses resulting from consumption of contaminated food products is a major food safety objective. It has been estimated that each year one in four Americans has a significant foodborne illness. Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen with the highest mortality rate, is found widely in foods, mostly in dairy products, meat, poultry, and seafood products. To prevent cases of product contamination with L. monocytogenes, it is essential to find sensitive and suitable methods for identification and isolation of the organism. This dissertation focuses on investigations of detection and differentiation approaches for L. monocytogenes and other foodborne microorganisms. More specifically, the focus of this work was:
Download or read book Listeria Monocytogenes written by Edward M. Fox and published by Humana. This book was released on 2021-10-10 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated book explores a wide repertoire of tools and approaches that have been created, modified, and applied to the study of L. monocytogenes, forming the basis of our understanding of the bacterium today. Many of these key experimental techniques are gathered together herein. The volume presents aspects such as clinical disease and host-pathogen interactions, as well as the study of biofilms which present a significant challenge for control of the organism in the food processing environment. The topics covered in this edition also include sampling in order to isolate Listeria, methods for their identification and characterization, methods for gene manipulation, and methods for control of the organism. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Listeria monocytogenes: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to contribute toward the harmonization of methods used to study this important bacterium, and to be of particular interest to Listeria research both in relation to food association and control as well as clinical microbiology.
Download or read book Risk Assessment of Listeria Monocytogenes in Ready to eat Foods written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cases of listeriosis appear to be predominantly associated with ready-to-eat products. FAO and WHO have undertaken a risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods, prepared and reviewed by an international team of scientists. Input was received from several international fora including expert consultations and Codex Alimentarius committee meetings as well as via public and peer review. This interpretative summary provides an overview of how the risk assessment was undertaken and the results. In particular, it provides information relevant to risk managers addressing problems posed by this pathogen in ready-to-eat foods. It includes answers to the specific risk management questions posed by the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene and outlines the issues to be considered when implementing control measures, including the establishment of microbiological criteria.
Download or read book An Overview of Regulations Guidelines and Intervention Strategies for Listeria Monocytogenes in Ready to eat Meat and Poultry Products written by Natasha Ann Bangel and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Listeria monocytogenes has the potential to contaminate ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and poultry products. Listeria monocytogenes contamination is a hazard that can potentially occur after post-lethality treatment in a processing environment during slicing or packaging of RTE meat products. United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA/FSIS) requires facilities to have intervention strategies to demonstrate control of this pathogen in RTE meat and poultry products. FSIS categorizes different intervention strategies into Alternative 1, 2, or 3. If an establishment chooses Alternative 1, it must use a post-lethality treatment that reduces or eliminates microorganisms on the product and an antimicrobial agent or process that suppresses or limits the growth of L. monocytogenes. If an establishment chooses Alternative 2, it can either use a post-lethality treatment or an antimicrobial agent or process that suppresses or limits growth of L. monocytogenes. Under Alternative 3, the establishment must have a detailed sanitation program as its intervention strategy. As establishments increase the number of interventions or change from Alternative 3 to 2 to 1, the frequency of FSIS sampling of RTE meat and poultry products for safety and wholesomeness decreases. The effectiveness of post-package decontamination technologies such as high-pressure processing, ultraviolet C light, and pre/post-package surface pasteurization have been researched for controlling L. monocytogenes in RTE products. Formulating meat products with antimicrobial additives such as lactates, sodium lactate and sodium diacetate, potassium lactate and sodium diacetate, sodium levulinate, lauric arginate, glucono-delta-lactone, or organic acids is another common approach to control L. monocytogenes in RTE meat products. Also, a combination of sodium lactate and sodium diacetate in a formulation is an acceptable antimicrobial strategy to provide Alternative 2 status. Bacteriocins such as nisin can also be added to the formulation of RTE meat and poultry products for controlling L. monocytogenes. In addition nisin can be applied as packaging film coating. Another approach for controlling L. monocytogenes in products such as jerky, kippered steaks, snack sticks and turkey tenders is the use of packaging environments and holding times prior to shipping. In conclusion, there are various approaches for controlling L. monocytogenes in RTE meat and poultry products post-lethality and processors should consider these options rather than relying on sanitation alone.
Download or read book Listeria written by Chris Bell and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2005-03-18 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human illness attributed to foodborne pathogenic microorganisms has been prominent in the mass media in recent years. The Practical Food Microbiology Series has been devised to give practical and accurate information about specific microorganisms of concern to public health. This series is unique in its practical approach as it draws on real life situations to highlight practical means for controlling pathogenic microorganisms in foods. Listeria monocytogenes has been recognised as an animal pathogen for over 70 years, and in the last two or three decades concern has been focused on the role of food in the transmission of human listeriosis, and also on L. monocytogenes as a cause of febrile gastroenteritis. This second edition has been fully revised and updated to include the latest information on L. monocytogenes, including its taxonomy, details of recently documented outbreaks implicating the organism, and legislation relating to the organism. The book aims to give the reader an overview of Listeria and particularly L. monocytogenes. It is primarily intended as an aid for those persons who want to understand the nature of the hazard that this organism presents to food products, and the means of controlling it. The information is designed for use by those in the food industry working in manufacturing, retail, and quality assurance; those in associated professional sectors, e.g. healthcare; as well as students in each of these areas. The book is an invaluable tool and essential reference for all food microbiologists.
Download or read book Did You Just Eat That written by Lory Omegan Henderson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous, intracellular pathogen which has been causative organism in several outbreaks of foodborne disease. Listeriosis has a mortality rate of about 24%, making it one of the leading causes of deaths associated with foodborne illness. Severe forms of listeriosis mainly affect pregnant women, their fetuses, newborns, and immunocompromised persons, with symptoms of abortion, neonatal death, septicemia, and meningitis. L. monocytogenes can contaminate a variety of foods, with recent high incidences in dairy products. L. monocytogenes can survive and grow in a variety of environments and refrigeration, making it difficult to control and highlighting the importance of optimizing control strategies against this pathogen. The overall goal of the work presented here was to (i) investigate the role of the environment on L. monocytogenes sensitivity to two methods (i.e. nisin and bacteriophage) currently used on foods, to inhibit bacterial contamination and (ii) understand how changing environmental conditions can lead to transmission of L. monocytogenes to humans and subsequently cause disease. Nisin and phage reduced L. monocytogenes counts on cheese in temperature- and pH-dependent manners. Nisin-mediated reduction of L. monocytogenes was more pronounced at lower storage temperatures, whereas phage was more effective at higher temperatures. However, both control strategies were able to reduce L. monocytogenes numbers when cheese was formulated at higher pH. Furthermore, serotype was found to also affect the sensitivity of L. monocytogenes to both nisin and phage treatment. Serotype 1/2 strains showed significantly higher susceptibility to both treatments than serotype 4b strains. L. monocytogenes must rapidly adapt to changes in the environment for survival and to cause disease. Previously, micro-array studies have been used to characterize virulence regulation in L. monocytogenes. Here, we use a bioinfromatics approach to expand our knowlege of virulence, the PrfA regulon, in L. monocytogenes. We identified a PrfA-dependent gene with a novel PrfA-box and putative sigA-dependent promoter region. Overall, this work provides experimental evidence that environment, as well as serotype affect L. monocytogenes sensitivity to control strategies, and that environmental conditions should be carefully considered when applying interventions against this important foodborne pathogen. Understanding the conditions that surround the interaction between pathogen and control strategy could prevent foodborne infections. Furthermore, better understanding of sigB and PrfA-dependent regulation of virulence related genes under different environmental conditions can allow for further improvement of Listeria control strategies.
Download or read book Listeria monocytogenes written by Kieran Jordan and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Listeria monocytogenes is still a major threat to public health. A new book in the Methods in Molecular Biology series, Listeria monocytogenes: Methods and Protocols addresses its titular pathogen with protocols and methodologies used in research to gain a better understanding of Listeria at a molecular level. The topics covered include sampling in order to isolate Listeria, methods for their identification and characterization, methods for gene manipulation and finally, methods for control of the organism. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Vital and authoritative, Listeria monocytogenes: Methods and Protocols aims to contribute to the harmonization of the methods used in the field and will therefore benefit all those interested in Listeria research.
Download or read book Control Strategies for Listeria Monocytogenes in Ready to eat Foods and on Food Contact Surfaces written by Jasdeep Kaur Saini and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ubiquitous nature and continued presence in food processing environments makes Listeria monocytogenes a significant threat in ready-to-eat (RTE) food products. This study was performed in two phases; Phase 1 studied lauric arginate (LAE) as an antimicrobial on food contact surfaces and shredded mozzarella cheese, and use of glucose oxidase (GOX), sodium lactate (SL), and acidified calcium sulfate (ACS) as preservatives in mozzarella cheese; Phase 2 evaluated efficacy of Photohydroionization (PHI) technology to control L. monocytogenes on food contact surfaces, sliced American cheese, and ready-to-eat turkey. Stainless steel coupons, mozzarella cheese, American cheese, and turkey were surface inoculated with a three- or five-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes. Coupons were treated with 100 and 200 ppm solution of lauric arginate for 5 and 15 min. Mozzarella cheese was treated with different combinations of treatments comprising LAE, GOX, SL, ACS, dextrose, and anticaking agents (free flow 1031 and cellulose). Results indicated up to 2.5 log CFU/coupon reductions and it was concluded that LAE was effective in controlling low levels of contamination of L. monocytogenes on food contact surfaces. In mozzarella cheese, results indicated that lauric arginate provided no additional antimicrobial effect (P> 0.05) as compared to GOX + dextrose. The antimicrobial blends with GOX, SL, and ACS were different (P 0.05) from the controls but showed no differences (P 0.05) in their effect in controlling bacterial populations. Results from treatment with PHI unit showed significant (P 0.05) reduction in bacterial populations. L. monocytogenes populations reduced by 4.37 log CFU/coupon on stainless steel surfaces after 15 min of treatment; 2.16 and 2.52 log CFU/sample reduction on American cheese and ready-to-eat turkey, respectively, after short treatment time of 5 min. Lipid oxidation analyses performed on cheese and turkey samples indicated that the PHI treatment did not affect (P 0.05) TBAR values. These studies suggest that LAE and GOX as antimicrobials and PHI treatment can be used as intervention strategies in an integrated process to ensure safe production of food. Further research is needed to evaluate applicability of SL and ACS in mozzarella cheese.
Download or read book Congenital and Perinatal Infections written by Cecelia Hutto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-28 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise clinical reference that facilitates the diagnosis of intrauterine and perinatally acquired infections was the goal in creating the Congenital and Perinatal Infections: A Concise Guide to Diagnosis. Information about the natural history, m- agement, and outcome of these infections is well detailed in many other sources and so has not been included. Rather, the focus of the book is diagnosis. The initial chapters provide general information about serological and nonserological assays that are used for the diagnosis of infections, and a chapter about the placenta includes details about histopathological findings that can be helpful with the diagnosis of congenital inf- tions. The remainder of the book is devoted to the diagnosis of specific congenital and/ or perinatal infections. As illustrated in the chapters about specific infections, the approach to diagnosis of a congenital or perinatally acquired infection in the neonate begins, when possible, with consideration and diagnosis of infection in the pregnant woman, knowledge of how the infection is transmitted, and the risk of that infection for the woman and her fetus or neonate. The possibility of congenital or perinatal infection in neonates is usually considered because of the diagnosis of, or concern about a s- cific infection in, a mother during pregnancy that can be transmitted to the neonate or because of clinical findings in the neonate at birth that suggest an infectious cause.
Download or read book Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization of the food supply has created conditions favorable for the emergence, reemergence, and spread of food-borne pathogens-compounding the challenge of anticipating, detecting, and effectively responding to food-borne threats to health. In the United States, food-borne agents affect 1 out of 6 individuals and cause approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths each year. This figure likely represents just the tip of the iceberg, because it fails to account for the broad array of food-borne illnesses or for their wide-ranging repercussions for consumers, government, and the food industry-both domestically and internationally. A One Health approach to food safety may hold the promise of harnessing and integrating the expertise and resources from across the spectrum of multiple health domains including the human and veterinary medical and plant pathology communities with those of the wildlife and aquatic health and ecology communities. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop on December 13 and 14, 2011 that examined issues critical to the protection of the nation's food supply. The workshop explored existing knowledge and unanswered questions on the nature and extent of food-borne threats to health. Participants discussed the globalization of the U.S. food supply and the burden of illness associated with foodborne threats to health; considered the spectrum of food-borne threats as well as illustrative case studies; reviewed existing research, policies, and practices to prevent and mitigate foodborne threats; and, identified opportunities to reduce future threats to the nation's food supply through the use of a "One Health" approach to food safety. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary covers the events of the workshop and explains the recommendations for future related workshops.
Download or read book Microbial Stress From Model Organisms to Applications in Food Microbiotechnology and Medicine written by Aleksandra P. Djukic-Vukovic and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-07-27 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Zoonoses E Book written by Joann Colville and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2007-07-04 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential, authoritative handbook provides clear, accurate coverage of zoonoses — diseases that can spread from animals to humans. The consistent format helps you quickly locate key information, such as how each disease affects the host, how it is spread, how it is treated, and necessary safety precautions. It also discusses the importance of educating animal owners about the public health implications of zoonoses and how to prevent them from spreading. Clear, concise coverage helps you respond quickly when presented with diseases that could potentially spread between patients, clients, and staff in the veterinary clinic. Each disease entry begins with a chart of its potential morbidity (the rate of incidence of a disease) and mortality (death rate), giving you at-a-glance access to the chance of contracting the disease and the severity of the disease if contracted. Clinically relevant coverage includes information on the etiology (bacterial, viral, parasitic, etc.), most common nonhuman hosts, transmission modes, course of the disease, clinical signs in animals and humans, diagnostic tests, prevention, and general advice. Essential information on preventing the spread of disease helps you educate clients about how to protect themselves and their animals from zoonoses. Coverage of diseases such as mad cow disease, West Nile virus, rabies, and anthrax, prepares you to answer client questions about diseases that are in the public eye.
Download or read book Guidebook for the Preparation of HACCP Plans written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Drugs in Food Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-01-12 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of drugs in food animal production has resulted in benefits throughout the food industry; however, their use has also raised public health safety concerns. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals provides an overview of why and how drugs are used in the major food-producing animal industriesâ€"poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and aquaculture. The volume discusses the prevalence of human pathogens in foods of animal origin. It also addresses the transfer of resistance in animal microbes to human pathogens and the resulting risk of human disease. The committee offers analysis and insight into these areas: Monitoring of drug residues. The book provides a brief overview of how the FDA and USDA monitor drug residues in foods of animal origin and describes quality assurance programs initiated by the poultry, dairy, beef, and swine industries. Antibiotic resistance. The committee reports what is known about this controversial problem and its potential effect on human health. The volume also looks at how drug use may be minimized with new approaches in genetics, nutrition, and animal management.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
