Download or read book Detection of Concealed Weapons Using Acoustic Waves written by George Abraham Vadakkel and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Existing weapon detection systems such as metal detectors and X-ray baggage scanners have many drawbacks. While metal detectors can only detect metallic objects, X-ray scanners are unsafe for use on passengers. Also, these systems can only scan people within a short range. These limitations of detecting potentially harmful objects have led to tragic events such as the 9/11 attack on the world trade centre and the 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai. Development of more advanced security systems would help in curbing such terrorist attacks. These systems could also be used to help security officials in tackling knife and gun related crimes in the streets. The aim of this research is to develop a concealed weapon detection system using acoustic waves. Ideally, the system would have large standoff distance, should be cost-effective and easy to manufacture and would be able to detect both metal and non-metallic weapons. Different techniques such as acoustic signature, resonance acoustic spectroscopy and acoustic imaging were analysed. Acoustic signature techniques identify the target by comparing the acoustic waves reflected by the target to a database of previously recorded acoustic reflections. Resonance acoustic spectroscopy was used on the data acquired using both experimental measurements and Finite Element simulations. A series of resonant frequencies from the acoustic waves reflected by the concealed target were extracted using this technique. This series of resonant frequencies that are unique to the target were used to identify the target. Acoustic camera was used to experimentally record the acoustic reflection from different targets. This was then used to develop images of concealed targets. These tests were performed using commercially available array speaker systems. The probability of improving these results using a better designed ultrasonic or acoustic array speaker system was analysed. This was done by changing different array design parameters and obtaining a highly focused acoustic beam. The results from the experimental tests and Finite Element simulations proved the possibility of using acoustic waves for concealed weapon detection. In the acoustic signature measurements, the frequency spectra of the reflected acoustic waves were shown to be different for different targets. The results from resonance acoustic spectroscopy showed structural resonant frequencies in the frequency spectra that corresponded to the natural frequency of the target. Using acoustic camera kit the image of the concealed target was identified. The array results showed the formation of focused beams for different array configurations. The results showed the formation of grating lobes and side lobes when the inter-element gap became larger than the wavelength of sound waves at the excitation frequency. Finally, a program using neural network was developed to demonstrate how the natural frequencies from the target could be used to identify them. This research work provides a proof of concept of different acoustic wave-based detection and imaging techniques. It has shown the possibility of detecting concealed targets at standoff distances. Using parametric arrays highly focused acoustic or ultrasonic beams could be generated which could be focused on a person suspected of carrying a weapon in a crowded environment. The sound waves reflected back could be analysed using the resonance acoustic spectroscopic technique or one could use the acoustic camera to generate images of targets in real-time. The use of acoustic waves would also help in keeping the cost and complexity of the equipment to a minimum. It also ensures that the public is not exposed to any harmful radiation. The techniques described in this thesis would significantly support the development of a commercially viable, robust acoustic waves based concealed weapon detection system.
Download or read book Non Linear Acoustic Concealed Weapons Detector written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major findings of this effort clearly demonstrate that Non-linear Acoustics is a low cost alternative to conventional imaging methods for concealed weapons detection. Our approach is to use ultrasonics to create a localized zone where non-linear interactions generate a lower frequency acoustic wave that is steerable and is able to penetrate clothing better than direct ultrasonics. We have been able to detect guns of various sizes, box cutters, knives and distinguish weapons from non-weapons including plastic devices. Sophisticated software generated signals with customized transducer/receiver design have been able to provide characteristic information about a hidden weapon 15 feet away and classify the weapon based on a database approach. Most recently improved software allows user- friendly display of results with images. We are confident of the readiness of our work for prototype development. In addition to being able to detect the weapons mentioned above, we have also been highly successful in imaging improvised weapons (received from the DOJ/AFRL lab) from a near range distance.
Download or read book Guide to the Technologies of Concealed Weapon and Contratband Imaging and Detection written by Nicholas G. Paulter (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Firearms which Escape Detection at Airport Security Checkpoints written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Undetectable Firearms written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on the Constitution and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Late Time Response for Stand Off Onbody Concealed Weapon Detection written by Ali Saied Milad Atiah and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a new system for remote detection of onbody concealed weapons such as knives and handheld guns at standoff distances. The system was designed, simulated, constructed and tested in the laboratory. The detection system uses an Ultra- wide Band (UWB) antenna to bombard the target with a UWB electromagnetic pulse. This incident pulse induces electrical currents in the surface of an object such as a knife, which given appropriate conditions these currents can generate an electromagnetic radiation. The radiated waves are detected using another UWB antenna to obtain the Late Time Response (LTR) signature of the detected object. The LTR signature was analysed using the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) in order to assess the nature and the geometry of the object. The thesis presents the work which may be divided into two related areas. The first involved the design, simulation, fabrication, and testing of an Ultra-wide Band (UWB) antenna with operating bandwidth of 0.25 - 3.0 GHz and specific characteristics. Simulated and measured results show that the designed antenna achieves the design objectives which are, flat gain, a VSWR of around unity and distortion less transmitted narrow pulse. The operating bandwidth was chosen to cover the fundamental Complex Natural Resonance (CNR) modes of most firearms and to give a fine enough time resolution. The second area covered by this thesis presents a new approach for extract target signature based on the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) applied to the scattering response of onbody concealed weapons. A series of experiments were conducted to test the operation of the detection system which involved onbody and off- body objects such as, knives, handheld guns, and a number of metallic wires of various dimensions. Practical and simulation results were in good agreement demonstrating the success of the approach of using the CWT in analyzing the LTR signature which is used for the first time in this work. Spectral response for every target could be seen as a distribution in which the energy level and life-time depended on the target material and geometry. The spectral density provides very powerful information concerning target unique signature.
Download or read book Field Detection Technologies for Explosives written by Yin Sun and published by ILM Publications. This book was released on 2010 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field Detection Technologies For Explosives Explosives are historically the weapons that have been most frequently used against civilians by terrorist organisations. In the past few years, the use of explosives by terrorist groups has cost the lives of more people than the combination of all other attacks, including the use of weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological and nuclear weapons). Early detection of these substances is one of the most effective ways to prevent attacks using explosives from occurring. Fast and reliable equipment to detect the presence of explosives and explosive devices is critical to fighting terrorism. Written in a style that makes complicated technologies easy to understand, this book covers the principles, instrumentation and applications of current technologies used to detect explosives in the field. Both trace detection technologies and bulk detection technologies are discussed. The section on trace detection technologies includes chapters on ion mobility spectrometry, piezoelectric sensors, chemiluminescence-based detectors, polymer-based technologies and mass spectrometry. It also discusses detection requirements, methodologies used for detector evaluation, and sampling technologies. The section on bulk detection contains chapters on x-ray, millimeter wave imaging, neutron and nuclear quadrupoie resonance technologies. This volume introduces the basic concepts of commonly used explosives detection technologies and is an essential resource for novice or more experienced personnel working in the explosives detection field as well as those with a general interest in this important subject. Features Discusses all aspects of commonly used field detection technologies. Reviews detection requirements and explosives sampling methods. Describes specific instruments used for field detection applications, such as at airports, harbours and border crossings. Includes a summary of common explosives and their important properties for easy reference. Provides an introduction to data fusion and receiver operating characteristic methods, both of which have recently received significant attention in the field of explosives detection. Book jacket.
Download or read book Walk through Metal Detectors for Use in Concealed Weapon and Contraband Detection written by Nicholas G. Paulter (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding Surveillance Technologies written by J.K. Petersen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-02-05 with total page 1021 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Surveillance Technologies demystifies spy devices and describes how technology is used to observe and record intimate details of people‘s lives often without their knowledge or consent. From historical origins to current applications, it explains how satellites, pinhole cameras, cell phone and credit card logs, DNA kits, tiny m
Download or read book Handheld Concealed Weapons Detector Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This effort entailed the development of an enhanced, hand held, low-cost (less than $1,000 production cost), ultra-sound based Concealed Weapons Detector (CWD), which included the building of a working model for further test and evaluation. Development of inexpensive technology to enable reliable detection of metallic and non-metallic concealed weapons at a standoff distance of up to 10 meters is of great value to law enforcement and security personnel. It was designed for low power operation. The sensor utilizes focused ultrasound (40-kHz frequency) to remotely detect concealed objects from beyond arm's length out to a range of about 25 feet (8 meters). The detector emits an adjustable, audible alarm (with provision for an earphone jack) as well as a visible 5-level LED indicator when an object has been detected. A switchable aiming light allows the user to accurately determine the location of the concealed object. The system was tested on a variety of weapons and clothing types to determine the effectiveness of acoustic phenomenology for detecting weapons concealed beneath a person's clothing. The contractor delivered 20 handheld devices to AFRL for operational effectiveness.
Download or read book Multiband Imagery for Concealed Weapon Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fusion of visual and infrared sensor imagery for the detection of concealed weapons is demonstrated using several techniques. The fusion algorithms used are wavelet based fusion and Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA) fusion. The FLA is presented as one of several possible methods for combining images from different sensors for achieving an image that displays more information than either image separately. Near infrared filters are used along with camcorders to capture images for later fusion. Metrics are suggested that could rate the fidelity of the fused images, such as, a textured clutter metric and entropy.
Download or read book Guide to the Technologies of Concealed Weapon and Contraband Imaging and Detection written by Nicholas Paulter and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) furnishes technical support to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) program to strengthen law enforcement and criminal justice in the United States. OLES's function is to conduct research that will assist law enforcement and criminal justice agencies in the selection and procurement of quality equipment.
Download or read book NIJ Awards in Fiscal Year written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Detecting Surface Acoustic Waves Using Surface Plasmon and Aerogel written by John Adetiba and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-18 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EM Detection of Concealed Targets written by David J. Daniels and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-12-14 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE LATEST EM TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTING CONCEALED TARGETS, WHETHER EXPLOSIVES, WEAPONS, OR PEOPLE Extensively illustrated from basic principles to system design, the fundamental concepts of RF, microwave, millimeter wave, and terahertz detection systems and techniques to find concealed targets are explained in this publication. These concealed targets may be explosive devices or weapons, which can be buried in the ground, concealed in building structures, hidden under clothing, or inside luggage. Concealed targets may also be people who are stowaways or victims of an avalanche or earthquake. Although much information is available in conference proceedings and professional society publications, this book brings all the relevant information in a single, expertly written and organized volume. Readers gain an understanding of the physics underlying electromagnetic (EM) detection methods, as well as the factors that affect the performance of EM detection equipment, helping them choose the right type of equipment and techniques to meet the demands of particular tasks. Among the topics covered are: Ultra-wideband radar and ground-penetrating radar Millimeter, sub-millimeter, and terahertz systems Radar systems including Doppler, harmonic, impulse, FMCW, and holographic Radiometric systems Nuclear quadrupole resonance systems Author David Daniels has many years of experience designing and deploying EM systems to detect concealed targets. As a result, this publication is essential for scientists and engineers who are developing or using EM equipment and techniques for a diverse range of purposes, including homeland security, crime prevention, or the detection of persons.
Download or read book Guide to the Technologies of Concealed Weapon and Contraband Imaging and Detection written by Nicholas G. Paulter and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Materials Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
