Download or read book Detection and Estimation of Working Memory States and Cognitive Functions Based on Neurophysiological Measures written by Felix Putze and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-02-05 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executive cognitive functions like working memory determine the success or failure of a wide variety of different cognitive tasks, such as problem solving, navigation, or planning. Estimation of constructs like working memory load or memory capacity from neurophysiological or psychophysiological signals would enable adaptive systems to respond to cognitive states experienced by an operator and trigger responses designed to support task performance (e.g. by simplifying the exercises of a tutor system when the subject is overloaded, or by shutting down distractions from the mobile phone). The determination of cognitive states like working memory load is also useful for automated testing/assessment or for usability evaluation. While there exists a large body of research work on neural and physiological correlates of cognitive functions like working memory activity, fewer publications deal witt the application of this research with respect to single-trial detection and real-time estimation of cognitive functions in complex, realistic scenarios. Single-trial classifiers based on brain activity measurements such as electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, physiological signals or eye tracking have the potential to classify affective or cognitive states based upon short segments of data. For this purpose, signal processing and machine learning techniques need to be developed and transferred to real-world user interfaces. The goal of this Frontiers Research Topic was to advance the State-of-the-Art in signal-based modeling of cognitive processes. We were especially interested in research towards more complex and realistic study designs, for example collecting data in the wild or investigating the interaction between different cognitive processes or signal modalities. Bringing together many contributions in one format allowed us to look at the state of convergence or diversity regarding concepts, methods, and paradigms.
Download or read book The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory written by Naoyuki Osaka and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is only relatively recently that it has been possible to study the neural processes that might underlie working memory, leading to a proliferation of research in this domain. This volume brings together leading researchers from around the world to summarise current knowledge of this field.
Download or read book Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Download or read book Foundations of Augmented Cognition written by Dylan D. Schmorrow and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-01 with total page 1304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together a comprehensive and diverse collection of research, theory, and thought, this volume builds a foundation for the new field of Augmented Cognition research and development. The first section introduces general Augmented Cognition methods and techniques, including physiological and neurophysiological measures such as EEG and fNIR; a
Download or read book Advances in Design and Digital Communication IV written by Nuno Martins and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-30 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on research findings and practical lessons featuring advances in the areas of digital and interaction design, graphic design and branding, design education, society and communication in design practice, and related ones. Gathering the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Digital Design and Communication, Digicom 2023, held on November 9-11, 2023, as a hybrid event, in/from Barcelos, Portugal, this book continues the tradition of the previous ones reporting on new design strategies to foster digital communication within and between the society, institutions and brands. By highlighting innovative ideas and reporting on multidisciplinary projects, it offers a source of inspiration for designers of all kinds, including graphic and web designers, UI, UX and social media designers, and to researchers, advertisers, artists, and brand and corporate communication managers alike.
Download or read book Using Neurophysiological Signals that Reflect Cognitive or Affective State written by Anne-Marie Brouwer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can we learn from spontaneously occurring brain and other physiological signals about an individual’s cognitive and affective state and how can we make use of this information? One line of research that is actively involved with this question is Passive Brain-Computer-Interfaces (BCI). To date most BCIs are aimed at assisting patients for whom brain signals could form an alternative output channel as opposed to more common human output channels, like speech and moving the hands. However, brain signals (possibly in combination with other physiological signals) also form an output channel above and beyond the more usual ones: they can potentially provide continuous, online information about an individual’s cognitive and affective state without the need of conscious or effortful communication. The provided information could be used in a number of ways. Examples include monitoring cognitive workload through EEG and skin conductance for adaptive automation or using ERPs in response to errors to correct for a behavioral response. While Passive BCIs make use of online (neuro)physiological responses and close the interaction cycle between a user and a computer system, (neuro)physiological responses can also be used in an offline fashion. Examples of this include detecting amygdala responses for neuromarketing, and measuring EEG and pupil dilation as indicators of mental effort for optimizing information systems. The described field of applied (neuro)physiology can strongly benefit from high quality scientific studies that control for confounding factors and use proper comparison conditions. Another area of relevance is ethics, ranging from dubious product claims, acceptance of the technology by the general public, privacy of users, to possible effects that these kinds of applications may have on society as a whole. In this Research Topic we aimed to publish studies of the highest scientific quality that are directed towards applications that utilize spontaneously, effortlessly generated neurophysiological signals (brain and/or other physiological signals) reflecting cognitive or affective state. We especially welcomed studies that describe specific real world applications demonstrating a significant benefit compared to standard applications. We also invited original, new kinds of (proposed) applications in this area as well as comprehensive review articles that point out what is and what is not possible (according to scientific standards) in this field. Finally, we welcomed manuscripts on the ethical issues that are involved. Connected to the Research Topic was a workshop (held on June 6, during the Fifth International Brain-Computer Interface Meeting, June 3-7, 2013, Asilomar, California) that brought together a diverse group of people who were working in this field. We discussed the state of the art and formulated major challenges, as reflected in the first paper of the Research Topic.
Download or read book Psychiatry 2 Volume Set written by Allan Tasman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 2765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in a new Fourth Edition, Psychiatry remains the leading reference on all aspects of the current practice and latest developments in psychiatry. From an international team of recognised expert editors and contributors, Psychiatry provides a truly comprehensive overview of the entire field of psychiatry in 132 chapters across two volumes. It includes two new sections, on psychosomatic medicine and collaborative care, and on emergency psychiatry, and compares Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD10) classifications for every psychiatric disorder. Psychiatry, Fourth Edition is an essential reference for psychiatrists in clinical practice and clinical research, residents in training, and for all those involved in the treatment psychiatric disorders. Includes a a companion website at www.tasmanpsychiatry.com featuring PDFs of each chapter and downloadable images
Download or read book Handbook of Aviation Human Factors written by John A. Wise and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete examination of issues and concepts relating to human factors in simulation, this book covers theory and application in space, ships, submarines, naval aviation, and commercial aviation. The authors examine issues of simulation and their effect on the validity and functionality of simulators as a training device. The chapters contain in d
Download or read book Emerging Cognitive Neuroscience and Related Technologies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-12-06 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Cognitive Neuroscience and Related Technologies, from the National Research Council, identifies and explores several specific research areas that have implications for U.S. national security, and should therefore be monitored consistently by the intelligence community. These areas include: neurophysiological advances in detecting and measuring indicators of psychological states and intentions of individuals the development of drugs or technologies that can alter human physical or cognitive abilities advances in real-time brain imaging breakthroughs in high-performance computing and neuronal modeling that could allow researchers to develop systems which mimic functions of the human brain, particularly the ability to organize disparate forms of data. As these fields continue to grow, it will be imperative that the intelligence community be able to identify scientific advances relevant to national security when they occur. To do so will require adequate funding, intelligence analysts with advanced training in science and technology, and increased collaboration with the scientific community, particularly academia. A key tool for the intelligence community, this book will also be a useful resource for the health industry, the military, and others with a vested interest in technologies such as brain imaging and cognitive or physical enhancers.
Download or read book Early Indicators of Cognitive Decline Alzheimer s Disease and Related Dementias Captured by Neurophysiological Tools written by Alexandra Wolf and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-04-19 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major neurocognitive disorders are one of the leading causes of disability and dependency among the elderly worldwide. Notably, their far-reaching impact extends beyond the estimated 50 million people currently living with a major neurocognitive disorder. As the conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progresses, patients’ symptoms (e.g., memory loss, severe impairments in thinking and behavior) place a heavy toll on their caregivers, family, and friends, who face emotional frustration, coupled with great financial stress. Furthermore, in terms of global cost estimation, the World Health Organization predicted that by 2030, the treatment of patients with AD and other forms of acquired cognitive impairment will cost the healthcare system US$1.7 trillion (or US$2.8 trillion, if corrected for the increase in care costs).
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder written by Tobias Banaschewski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-11 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children and adolescents. The condition is characterized by a persistent pattern of behavioural symptoms including inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness associated with substantial impairment in social, academic, and/or occupational functioning. Clinical and research interest in the topic of ADHD has grown substantially in recent years but, despite this, there is still a lack of up-to-date reference texts devoted to the diagnosis, assessment, and management of patients with these conditions. Part of the Oxford Textbooks in Psychiatry series, the Oxford Textbook of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder attempts to bridge this gap by providing an authoritative, multi-disciplinary guide to the latest research developments in the diagnosis, assessment, and management of patients with ADHD. Organized into eight key sections, this textbook covers the aetiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, co-morbidity, clinical assessment, and clinical management of ADHD. Individual chapters address key topics such as the clinical assessment of ADHD in adults, and contain information on best practice, current diagnostic guidelines including DSM-5 and ICD-11, and key up-to-date references for further reading. Edited and written by an international group of recognized experts, the Oxford Textbook of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a comprehensive resource suitable for child and adolescent psychiatrists, adult psychiatrists, and psychiatric trainees, as well as child psychologists, paediatricians, psychiatric nurses, and other mental health care professionals.
Download or read book Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders Convergence of preclinical and clinical evidence written by Ales Stuchlik and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-10-23 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and etc., represent a serious medical and socioeconomic problems. These diseases are often accompanied by impairments of cognitive function, e.g., abstract thinking, decision-making, attention, and several types of memory. Such deficits significantly disrupt quality of life and daily functioning of patients. Cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric diseases are associated with alterations of brain morphology and function, and are often resistant to therapeutic interventions. In schizophrenia and related disorders, cognitive deficits are also defined as endophenotypes, i.e. measurable phenotypes linking these disaeses with discrete heritable and reproducible traits. This points to the importance of elucidating these endophenotypes in translational studies. Animal models may not mimic the full spectrum of clinical symptoms, but may act as analogies of particular behaviors or other pathological outcomes. They are useful to search for the etiology of particular psychiatric illnesses and novel therapeutics. Moreover, several behavioral tests to measure cognitive performance in rodents and other species have been implemented. The primary focus of the present topic is to provide up-to-date information on cognitive deficits of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. This Research Topic also delineates future directions for translational studies aimed at developing novel treatments/interventions of cognitive disturbances.
Download or read book Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia written by Philip D. Harvey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-24 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the precise mechanisms and pathways of schizophrenia remain something of a mystery, there is little dispute that cognitive deficits present as some of the clearest and most debilitating symptoms of the disease. This book describes the characteristics of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, functional implications, the course of impairments, the genetic and biological contributions and reviews management options, including neuropsychological, psychological and pharmacological techniques. Chapters are written by leading experts in the field, in an accessible and highly informative style, ensuring the content is clinically relevant. State-of-the-art information about new developments in the treatment of related features of the illness, such as disability, is provided. The wide ranging focus of this volume will appeal to clinicians and academic researchers working with patients impaired by severe mental illness.
Download or read book Alzheimer s Disease Drug Development written by Jeffrey Cummings and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-31 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a growing global public health challenge. The development of new therapies is urgently needed, and a complex ecosystem of organizations has grown to facilitate AD drug discovery and development. Masterfully collating information on the drug development ecosystem, this book emphasizes the contributions of each aspect in the pipeline with a uniform approach to chapters, enabling readers to access relevant information quickly. Topics covered include the use of non-clinical laboratory studies, biomarker development, artificial intelligence, design and management of clinical trials, and funding and financing models. Also discussed is the critical role of advocacy fundraising for drug development. With the approval of aducanumab, the function of the ecosystem has become apparent. This is a definitive overview of how the ecosystem works in transferring an AD drug from its discovery in the laboratory through clinical trial testing to regulatory review and eventual marketing.
Download or read book Visual Cognition written by Steven Pinker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1986-01-09 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These essays tackle some of the central issues in visual cognition, presenting experimental techniques from cognitive psychology, new ways of modeling cognitive processes on computers from artificial intelligence, and new ways of studying brain organization from neuropsychology, to address such questions as: How do we recognize objects in front of us? How do we reason about objects when they are absent and only in memory? How do we conceptualize the three dimensions of space? Do different people do these things in different ways? And where are these abilities located in the brain? While this research, which appeared as a special issue of the journal Cognition, is at the cutting edge of cognitive science, it does not assume a highly technical background on the part of readers. The book begins with a tutorial introduction by the editor, making it suitable for specialists and nonspecialists alike.
Download or read book Neuropsychological Assessment of Neuropsychiatric and Neuromedical Disorders written by Igor Grant and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-10 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a major revision of a standard reference work for neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, and neurologists. About one-half of the book contains entirely new work by new contributors. New topics not covered in the previous editions include consideration of common sources of neurocognitive morbidity, such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and exposure to heavy metals; psychiatric and behavioral disorders associated wtih traumatic brain injury; neuropsychology in relation to everyday functioning; the effects of cognitive impairment on driving skills, and adherence to medical treatments. The Third Edition aims to reflect the enormous developments in neuropsychology in terms of research, clinical applications, and growth of the discipline during the past decade. At one time focused on mapping the cognitive and related consequences of brain injuries, research in neuropsychology has now expanded to much broader considerations of the effects of systemic disease, infection, medications, and inflammatory processes on neurocognition and emotion. The Third Edition attemtps to capture these developments while continuing to adhere to the objective of presenting them in a concise manner in a single volume.
Download or read book Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two disability programs: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), for disabled individuals, and their dependent family members, who have worked and contributed to the Social Security trust funds, and Supplemental Security Income (SSSI), which is a means-tested program based on income and financial assets for adults aged 65 years or older and disabled adults and children. Both programs require that claimants have a disability and meet specific medical criteria in order to qualify for benefits. SSA establishes the presence of a medically-determined impairment in individuals with mental disorders other than intellectual disability through the use of standard diagnostic criteria, which include symptoms and signs. These impairments are established largely on reports of signs and symptoms of impairment and functional limitation. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination considers the use of psychological tests in evaluating disability claims submitted to the SSA. This report critically reviews selected psychological tests, including symptom validity tests, that could contribute to SSA disability determinations. The report discusses the possible uses of such tests and their contribution to disability determinations. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination discusses testing norms, qualifications for administration of tests, administration of tests, and reporting results. The recommendations of this report will help SSA improve the consistency and accuracy of disability determination in certain cases.
