Download or read book Detailed and Simplified Chemical Kinetics of Aviation Fuels and Surrogates written by Valentini Markaki and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Detailed and Simplified Chemical Kinetics of Aviation Fuels and Surrogates written by Valentini Markaki and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Jet Fuel Surrogates written by Krithika Narayanaswamy and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jet fuels, like typical transportation fuels, are mixtures of several hundreds of compounds belonging to different hydrocarbon classes. Their composition varies from one source to another, and only average fuel properties are known at best. In order to understand the combustion characteristics of the real fuels, and to address the problem of combustion control, computational studies using a detailed kinetic model to represent the real fuel, serves as a highly useful tool. However, the complexity of the real fuels makes it infeasible to simulate their combustion characteristics directly, requiring a simplified fuel representation to circumvent this difficulty. Typically, the real fuels are modeled using a representative surrogate mixture, i.e. a well-defined mixture comprised of a few components chosen to mimic the desired physical and chemical properties of the real fuel under consideration. Surrogates have been proposed for transportation fuels, including aviation fuels, and several kinetic modeling attempts for the proposed surrogates have also been made. However, (i) the fundamental kinetics of individual fuels, which make up the surrogate mixtures is not understood well, (ii) their combustion behavior at low through high temperatures has not been comprehensively validated, and this directly impacts the (iii) reliability of the multi-component reaction mechanism for a surrogate made up of these individual components. The present work is aimed at addressing the afore-mentioned concerns. The objective of this work is to develop a single, reliable kinetic model that can describe the oxidation of a few representative fuels, which are important components of transportation fuel surrogates, and thereby capture the specificities of the simpler, but still multi-component surrogates. The reaction mechanism is intended to well-represent the individual components as well as a multi-component surrogate for jet fuel made up of these fuel components. Further, this reaction mechanism is desired to be applicable at low through high temperatures, and be compact enough that chemical kinetic analysis is feasible. First, a representative compound for each of the major hydrocarbon classes found in the real jet fuel is identified. A surrogate for jet fuels is chosen to be comprised of n-dodecane (to represent normal alkanes), methylcyclohexane (to represent cyclic alkanes), and m-xylene (to represent aromatics). A Component Library approach is invoked for the development of a single, consistent, and reliable chemical scheme to accurately model this multi-component surrogate mixture. The chemical model is assembled in stages, starting with a base model and adding to it sub-mechanisms for the individual components of the surrogate, namely m- xylene, n-dodecane, and methylcyclohexane. The chemical model is validated comprehensively every time the oxidation pathways of a new component are incorporated into it and the experimental data is well captured by the simulations. In addition to the jet fuel surrogate, with the number of fuels described in the proposed reaction mechanism, a surrogate for the alternative Fischer-Tropsch fuels is also considered. Surrogates are defined for jet fuels and Fischer-Tropsch fuels by matching target properties important for combustion applications between the surrogate and the real fuel. The simulations performed using the proposed reaction mechanism, with the surrogates defined as fuels, are compared against global targets, such as ignition delays, flow reactor profiles, and flame speed measurements for representative jet fuels and Fischer-Tropsch fuels. The computations show promising agreement with these experimental data sets. The proposed reaction mechanism is well-suited to be used in real flow simulations of jet fuels. The proposed reaction mechanism has the ability to describe the kinetics of n- heptane, iso-octane, substituted aromatics, n-dodecane, and methylcyclohexane, all of which are important components of transportation fuel surrogates. Considering the large number of hydrocarbons whose kinetics are well described by this reaction mechanism, there are avenues for this reaction mechanism to be used to model other transportation fuels, such as gasoline, diesel, and alternative fuels, in addition to the jet and Fischer-Tropsch fuels discussed in the present study.

Download or read book Development of a Chemical Surrogate for JP 8aviation Fuel Using a Pressurized Flow Reactor written by Alessandro Agosta and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power Vol 1 written by Suvanjan Bhattacharyya and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-10 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the select proceedings of the 48th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (FMFP 2021) held at BITS Pilani in December 2021. It covers the topics such as fluid mechanics, measurement techniques in fluid flows, computational fluid dynamics, instability, transition and turbulence, fluid‐structure interaction, multiphase flows, micro- and nanoscale transport, bio-fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, turbomachinery, propulsion and power. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals interested in the broad field of mechanics.

Download or read book Detailed Chemical Kinetic Models for Aviation Fuels written by Lourdes Quintana Maurice and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Detailed Chemical Kinetic Model for Practical Aviation Fuels written by R. P. Lindstedt and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Turbulent Combustion Physics and Applications written by N. Swaminathan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-06 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore a thorough overview of the current knowledge, developments and outstanding challenges in turbulent combustion and application.

Download or read book Mathematical Modelling of Gas Phase Complex Reaction Systems Pyrolysis and Combustion written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-06-06 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical Modelling of Gas-Phase Complex Reaction Systems: Pyrolysis and Combustion, Volume 45, gives an overview of the different steps involved in the development and application of detailed kinetic mechanisms, mainly relating to pyrolysis and combustion processes. The book is divided into two parts that cover the chemistry and kinetic models and then the numerical and statistical methods. It offers a comprehensive coverage of the theory and tools needed, along with the steps necessary for practical and industrial applications. Details thermochemical properties and "ab initio" calculations of elementary reaction rates Details kinetic mechanisms of pyrolysis and combustion processes Explains experimental data for improving reaction models and for kinetic mechanisms assessment Describes surrogate fuels and molecular reconstruction of hydrocarbon liquid mixtures Describes pollutant formation in combustion systems Solves and validates the kinetic mechanisms using numerical and statistical methods Outlines optimal design of industrial burners and optimization and dynamic control of pyrolysis furnaces Outlines large eddy simulation of turbulent reacting flows

Download or read book Chemical Kinetics of the Gas Phase Combustion of Fuels written by Francis Westley and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work supported by the Office of Standard Reference Data, National Bureau of Standards, Naval Sea Systems Command, Department of the Navy, and Division of Conservation, Research and Technology, Energy Research and Development Administration.

Download or read book Sustainable Aviation Fuels written by Michael P. Wolcott and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-08 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Progress in Chemical Kinetic Modeling for Surrogate Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gasoline, diesel, and other alternative transportation fuels contain hundreds to thousands of compounds. It is currently not possible to represent all these compounds in detailed chemical kinetic models. Instead, these fuels are represented by surrogate fuel models which contain a limited number of representative compounds. We have been extending the list of compounds for detailed chemical models that are available for use in fuel surrogate models. Detailed models for components with larger and more complicated fuel molecular structures are now available. These advancements are allowing a more accurate representation of practical and alternative fuels. We have developed detailed chemical kinetic models for fuels with higher molecular weight fuel molecules such as n-hexadecane (C16). Also, we can consider more complicated fuel molecular structures like cyclic alkanes and aromatics that are found in practical fuels. For alternative fuels, the capability to model large biodiesel fuels that have ester structures is becoming available. These newly addressed cyclic and ester structures in fuels profoundly affect the reaction rate of the fuel predicted by the model. Finally, these surrogate fuel models contain large numbers of species and reactions and must be reduced for use in multi-dimensional models for spark-ignition, HCCI and diesel engines.

Download or read book Droplets and Sprays Simple Models of Complex Processes written by Sergei S. Sazhin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-28 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book acts as a guide to simple models that describe some of the complex fluid dynamics, heat/mass transfer and combustion processes in droplets and sprays. Attention is focused mainly on the use of classical hydrodynamics, and a combination of kinetic and hydrodynamic models, to analyse the heating and evaporation of mono- and multi-component droplets. The models were developed for cases when small and large numbers of components are present in droplets. Some of these models are used for the prediction of time to puffing/micro-explosion of composite water/fuel droplets — processes that are widely used in combustion devices to stimulate disintegration of relatively large droplets into smaller ones. The predictions of numerical codes based on these models are validated against experimental results where possible. In most of the models, droplets are assumed to be spherical; some preliminary results of the generalisation of these models to the case of non-spherical droplets, approximating them as spheroids, are presented.

Download or read book Generating Reduced Mechanisms for Realistic Multi component Fuel Combustion written by Lara Backer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The race to reduce pollutant emissions from hydrocarbon combustion while simultaneously increasing fuel efficiency and optimizing engine performance calls for the use of numerical simulations in parallel with, or in lieu of, expensive and time-consuming experiments. To explore the efficacy of emerging alternative fuels and additives in numerical simulations and to predict the effects of the fuel description on emissions, the fuel should be treated as one of the optimization parameters. This necessitates an accurate and detailed description of the fuel and its breakdown, as combustion kinetics are exceedingly dependent on fuel constituents. However, the combustion of even a single fuel component can involve hundreds of species and thousands of reactions, requiring prohibitively high CPU times for realistic simulations of complex fuels with detailed chemistry. An advantageous strategy to combat this difficulty is to employ reduced-order modeling by replacing the realistic fuel blend with a simplified description called a surrogate, in tandem with reducing the chemical kinetic mechanism. In recent years, a component library framework has been proposed to facilitate the creation of reduced-order models for practical applications. The idea is that chemical models for single-component fuels can be reduced separately and combined at-will to represent any surrogate blend of interest. However, this approach fails when individual fuel molecules have significant non-linear interactions with one another during combustion, or when the prediction of pollutant formation is of interest, since the kinetics involved strongly depend on the details of the multi-component fuel mixture. In this work, two new strategies are presented to automatically facilitate the generation of compact, reduced-order models for multi-component fuels. The first addresses the drawbacks of the component library framework by efficiently allowing for the automatic creation of reduced fuel component oxidation mechanisms and the addition of secondary pathways of interest onto existing component library modules, directly at the reduced level. The second generates a compact description of multi-component fuel decomposition chemistry, significantly reducing the computational cost of simulating fuels with numerous constituents. Reduced-order models created with these techniques are shown to reproduce the behavior of detailed kinetic models reasonably well. Subsequent studies leverage the strategies presented here to produce reduced kinetic mechanisms for multi-component fuel chemistry. A preliminary analysis highlights relevant combustion regimes and useful canonical problems to consider when reducing models for turbulent combustion applications. Results from this analysis are used to guide the creation of a compact reduced-order model for jet fuel.

Download or read book Flame Propagation of Jet A 1 Fuel and Its Surrogates written by Bradley Denman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The laminar flame speed is an essential flame parameter for both chemical kinetic mechanism validation and turbulent combustion studies. Kerosene-derived jet fuel flame speeds, however, are largely unknown and due to complex composition of the fuels themselves they cannot be modelled numerically. To overcome this limitation surrogate fuels and blends are used to reproduce the same flame speed of amore complex mixture. To accomplish this for aviation fuel, a database is created of four potential jet fuel surrogate components for laminar flame speed. The neat hydrocarbon surrogates investigated are n-dodecane and n-decane, methylcyclohex-ane, and toluene, which represent the alkane, cycloalkane, and aromatic components of conventional aviation fuel, respectively. Several blends of these surrogate fuels are tested experimentally and numerically to validate the effect of blend composition on flame speed. The database is then used to develop a blend to match the flame speeds of a commercial aviation fuel, Jet A-1. Unlike previous investigations of flame propagation, in this study, numerical simulations are directly compared to velocity profile measurements in laminar stagnation flames to extrapolate to a condition of zero flame stretch. Numerical simulations of each experiment are obtained using the CHEMKIN-PRO software package and the JetSurF 2.0 mechanism with accurate specification of all necessary boundary conditions from experimental measurements. The advantage of this technique is that the extrapolation to the unstretched condition is independent of the how well the mechanism predicts reactivity. Therefore, JetSurF 2.0 was simultaneously validated for each of the surrogate fuels and blends in a previously unused manner. The mechanism showed relatively good agreement for the n-alkane and cycloalkane fuels for which it was optimized for, while consistently under predicted the reactivity of toluene. The compiled database of jet fuel surrogate components allowed for five different potential surrogate mixtures to be developed. Experimental results of these blends suggest that although jet fuel is a very complex mixture a simple surrogate mixture consisting of 73% n-decane and 27% toluene byvolume appropriately matches the flame speed of Jet A-1. Numerical results using JetSurF 2.0 suggest that a 63% n-decane and 37% toluene by volume blend is the most appropriate surrogate and this was used to extrapolate the experimental JetA-1 results and determine its laminar flame speed." --

Download or read book Combustion Chemistry and the Carbon Neutral Future written by Kenneth Brezinsky and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-02-16 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the demands for cleaner, more efficient, reduced and zero carbon emitting transportation increase, the traditional focus of Combustion Chemistry research is stretching and adapting to help provide solutions to these contemporary issues. Combustion Chemistry and the Carbon Neutral Future: What will the Next 25 Years of Research Require? presents a guide to current research in the field and an exploration of possible future steps as we move towards cleaner, greener and reduced carbon combustion chemistry. Beginning with a discussion of engine emissions and soot, the book goes on to discuss a range of alternative fuels, including hydrogen, ammonia, small alcohols and other bio-oxygenates, natural gas, syngas and synthesized hydrocarbon fuels. Methods for predicting and improving efficiency and sustainability, such as low temperature and catalytic combustion, chemical looping, supercritical fluid combustion, and diagnostic monitoring even at high pressure, are then explored. Some novel aspects of biomass derived aviation fuels and combustion synthesis are also covered. Combining the knowledge and experience of an interdisciplinary team of experts in the field, Combustion Chemistry and the Carbon Neutral Future: What will the Next 25 Years of Research Require? is an insightful guide to current and future focus areas for combustion chemistry researchers in line with the transition to greener, cleaner technologies. Provides insight on current developments in combustion chemistry as a tool for supporting a reduced-carbon future Reviews modeling and diagnostic tools, in addition to key approaches and alternative fuels Includes projections for the future from leaders in the field, pointing current and prospective researchers to potentially fruitful areas for exploration

Download or read book Applied Mathematics Modeling and Computer Simulation written by C.-H. Chen and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2022-02-25 with total page 1154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pervasiveness of computers in every field of science, industry and everyday life has meant that applied mathematics, particularly in relation to modeling and simulation, has become ever more important in recent years. This book presents the proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Applied Mathematics, Modeling and Computer Simulation (AMMCS 2021), hosted in Wuhan, China, and held as a virtual event from 13 to 14 November 2021. The aim of the conference is to foster the knowledge and understanding of recent advances across the broad fields of applied mathematics, modeling and computer simulation, and it provides an annual platform for scholars and researchers to communicate important recent developments in their areas of specialization to colleagues and other scientists in related disciplines. This year more than 150 participants were able to exchange knowledge and discuss recent developments via the conference. The book contains 115 peer-reviewed papers, selected from more than 250 submissions and ranging from the theoretical and conceptual to the strongly pragmatic and all addressing industrial best practice. Topics covered include mathematical modeling and applications, engineering applications and scientific computations, and the simulation of intelligent systems. Providing an overview of recent development and with a mix of practical experiences and enlightening ideas, the book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners everywhere.