Download or read book Desulfurization of Hot Fuel Gas Produced from High chlorine Illinois Coals Technical Report September 1 November 30 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New coal gasification processes are now being developed which can generate electricity with high thermal efficiency either in a combined gas-turbine, steam-turbine cycle or in a fuel cell. Both of these coal-to-electricity pathways require that the coal-derived fuel gas be at a high temperature and be free of potential pollutants, such as sulfur compounds. Unfortunately, some high-sulfur Illinois coals also contain significant chlorine which converts into hydrogen chloride (HC1) in the coal-gas. This project investigates the effect of HC1, in concentrations typical of a gasifier fed by high-chlorine Illinois coals, on zinc-titanate sorbents that are currently being developed for H2S and COS removal from hot coal-gas. This study is designed to identify any deleterious changes in the sorbent caused by the HC1, both in adsorptive operation and in the regeneration cycle, and will pave the way to modify the sorbent formulation or the process operating procedure to remove HC1 along with the H2S and COS from the coal-gas. This will negate any harmful consequences of utilizing high-chlorine Illinois in these processes. The bench- scale fluidized bed has been modified to prevent potential HC1 corrosion and startup experiments have proven the reactor system operable and capable of yielding reliable experimental results. The first of the planned experiments in the project are now being performed. 1 fig.
Download or read book Desulfurization of Hot Fuel Gas Produced from High chlorine Illinois Coals Final Technical Report September 1 1991 August 31 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this project, simulated gasifier-product streams were contacted with the zinc titanate desulfurization sorbent in a bench-scale atmospheric fluidized-bed reactor at temperatures ranging from 538 to 750 [degree]C (1000 to 1382 [degree]F). The first set of experiments involved treating a medium-Btu fuel gas (simulating that of a ''Texaco'' oxygen-blown, entrained-bed gasifier) containing 1.4 percent H[sub 2]S and HCl concentrations of 0, 200, and 1500 ppmv. The second experimental set evaluated hot-gas desulfurization of a low-Btu fuel gas (simulating the product of the ''U-Gas'' air-blown gasifier), with HCl concentrations of 0, 200, and 800 ppmv. These operating conditions were typical of the gas-treatment requirements of gasifiers fueled by Illinois basin coals containing up to 0.6 percent chlorine. The results of the experiments at 538 and 650 [degree]C at all the HCl concentrations revealed no deleterious effects on the capability of the sorbent to remove H[sub 2]S from the fuel gas mixtures. In most cases, the presence of the HCl significantly enhanced the desulfurization reaction rate. Some zinc loss, however, was encountered in certain situations at 750 [degree]C when low-steam operating conditions were present. Also of interest, a portion of the incoming HCl was removed from the gas stream and was retained permanently by the sorbent. This behavior was examined in more detail in a limited set of experiments aimed at identifying ways to modify the sorbents composition so that the sorbent could act as a simultaneous desulfurization and dechlorination agent in the hot-gas cleanup process.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992-05 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Desulfurization of Hot Fuel Gas Produced from High chlorine Illinois Coals Technical Report December 1 1991 February 29 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a primary need to increase the utilization of Illinois coal resources by developing new methods of converting the coal into electricity by highly efficient and environmentally acceptable systems. New coal gasification processes are now being developed that can generate electricity with high thermal efficiency in either an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) system or a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). Both of-these new coal-to-electricity pathways require that the coal-derived fuel gas be at a high temperature and be free of potential pollutants, such as-sulfur compounds. Unfortunately, some high-sulfur Illinois coals also contain significant chlorine which converts into hydrogen chloride (HCI) in the coal gas. This project investigates the effect of HCI, in concentrations typical of a gasifier fed by high-chlorine Illinois coals, on zinc-titanate sorbents that are currently being developed for H2S and COS removal from hot coal gas. This study is designed to identify any deleterious changes in the sorbent caused by HCI, both in adsorptive operation and in the regeneration cycle, and will pave the way to modify the sorbent formulation or the process operating procedure to remove HCl along with the H2S and COS from hot coal gas. This will negate any harmful consequences Of utilizing high-chlorine Illinois coal in these processes.
Download or read book Government reports annual index written by and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 1726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-04 with total page 1774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Desulfurization of Hot Fuel Gas Produced from High chlorine Illinois Coals Technical Report March 1 1992 May 31 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New coal gasification processes are now being developed which can generate electricity with high thermal efficiency either in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) or in a fuel cell (MCFC). Both of these new coal-to-electricity pathways require that the coal-derived fuel gas be at a high temperature and be free of potential pollutants, such as sulfur compounds. Unfortunately, some high-sulfur Illinois coals also contain significant chlorine which converts into hydrogen chloride (HCl) in the coal-gas. This project investigates the effect of HCl, in concentrations typical of a gasifier fed by high-chlorine Illinois coals, on zinc-titanate sorbents that are currently being developed for H2S and COS removal from hot coal gas. This study is designed to identify any deleterious changes in the sorbent caused by the HCI, both in absorptive operation and in the regeneration cycle, and will pave the way to modify the sorbent formulation or the process operating procedure to remove HCl along with the H2S and COS from hot coal gas. This will negate any harmful consequences of utilizing high-chlorine Illinois coal in these processes. The work activity during the third quarter of this project involved the performance of the second block-set of experiments in the bench-scale fluidized-bed reactor. These experiments were designed to study the effect of HCl in the desulfurization of a low-Btu fuel gas. Nine single-cycle experiments were performed, at operating temperature of 538, 650, and 750°C, with HCl concentrations of 0, 200, and 800 ppMv. The presence of HCl in the coal gas significantly enhanced the desulfurization efficacy of the sorbent. A 10-cycle sulfidation-regeneration sequence is currently being performed at 650°C with 800 ppMv HCl in the simulated fuel gas to determine any adverse effects on the sorbent structure or its desulfurization capability.
Download or read book Desulfurization of Hot Coal Gas written by Aysel T. Atimtay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-08-24 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Desulfurization of Hot Coal with Regenerable Metal Oxide Sorbents: New Developments, held in Kusadasi, Turkey, July 1996
Download or read book Desulfurization of Illinois Coals with Hydroperoxides of Vegetable Oils and Alkali Technical Report September 1 November 30 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic sulfur is removed from coals by treatment with aqueous base, air, and vegetable oils with minimal loss of BTU. Such results were revealed during exploratory experiments on an ICCI funded project to remove organic sulfur from Illinois coals with hydroperoxides of vegetable oils. In fact, prewashing IBC-108 coal with dilute alkali prior to treating with linseed oil and air results in 26% removal of sulfur. This new method will be investigated by treating coals with alkali, impregnating coals with polyunsaturated oils, converting the oils to their hydroperoxides, and heating. Since these oils are relatively inexpensive and easily applied, this project could lead to a cost effective method for removing organic sulfur from coals. Moreover the oils are environmentally safe; they will produce no noxious products and will improve burning qualities of the solid products. During this first quarter the selection of base for pretreatment and extraction (Task 1) has been completed. NaOH is better than NH4OH for the pretreatment and Na2CO3 is better than NaOH for the oil extraction. About 40% of sulfur is removed from IBC-108 coal using 5% NaOH for pretreatment followed by linseed oil oxidation in air and Na2CO3 extraction.
Download or read book Desulfurization of Illinois Coals with Hydroperoxides of Vegetable Oils and Alkali Final Technical Report September 1 1995 August 31 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project is to develop an inexpensive method to remove organic sulfur from pyrite-free and mineral-free coal using base, air, and readily available farm products. This is accomplished by treating coals with impregnating coals with polyunsaturated offs, converting the oils to their hydroperoxides, and heating. Since these oils are relatively inexpensive and easily applied, this project could lead to a cost effective method for removing organic sulfur from coals. Moreover, the oils are environmentally safe; they produce no noxious products and improve burning qualities of the solid products. IBC-108 coal, (contains only 0.4% pyrite and 2.7% organic sulfur) was first treated with Na4OH at two different concentrations and four different times, and with NH4OH at two different concentrations and two different temperatures. Pretreating IBC-108 coal with bases removes 13% to 23% of the sulfur, and NaOH is a better treatment than NH4OH in most of the experiments. Higher temperatures, higher base concentrations, and longer treatment times remove more sulfur. Na2CO3 is more effective than NaOH for oil extraction after the oil treatment. To test for effectiveness of sulfur removal, eight coal samples were treated with NaOH (two concentrations at four different times) were further treated with linseed oil at three temperatures, four different times, and two oil to coal ratios. The combination of NaOH pretreatment, then oil treatment, followed by Na2CO3 extraction, removes 23% to 50% of the sulfur. The best result is achieved by pretreating with 5% NaOH for 20 hr (23% sulfur removal) followed by oil treatment at 100°C for 5 hr with a 1:1 oil to coal ratio (50% sulfur removal in total). More sulfur is removed with a 1:1 oil to coal ratio than a 1:10 ratio under most conditions.
Download or read book Desulfurization of Coal written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to environmental problems related to the combustion of high sulfur Illinois coal, there continues to be interest in the development of viable pre-combustion desulfurization processes. Recent studies by the authors have obtained very good sulfur removals but the reagents that are used are too expensive. Use of cheaper reagents leads to a loss of desired coal properties. This study investigates the application of phase transfer catalysts to the selective oxidation of sulfur in coal using air and oxygen as oxidants. The phase transfer catalyst is expected to function as a selectivity moderator by permitting the use of milder reaction conditions than otherwise necessary. This would enhance the sulfur selectivity and help retain the heating value of the coal. The use of certain coal combustion wastes for desulfurization, and the application of cerium (IV) catalyzed air oxidations for selective sulfur oxidation are also being studied. If successful this project could lead to the rapid development of a commercially viable desulfurization process. This would significantly improve the marketability of Illinois coal. During this quarter aliquots of the IBC-101 coal have been ground to various particle sizes in an attempt to find the optimum physical pretreatment for mineral, especially pyrite, removal. Analysis of these various aliquots shows them to be representative of the original coal. In addition, preliminary desulfurization reactions using fly ash and scrubber sludges have been performed on an unoxidized IBC-101 sample. Results will be available next quarter. Also, SEM-EDAX analysis of the fly ash indicates that it contains oxides that have shown activity in base desulfurization reactions.
Download or read book New Reagents for Coal Desulfurization Final Technical Report September 1 1990 August 31 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary goal of this project was development and exploration of potential new desulfurization reagents for the removal of ''organic sulfur'' from Illinois coals by mild chemical methods. Potential new desulfurization reagents were investigated using organic sulfur compounds of the types thought to be present in coals. Reagents included low-valent metal complexes based on nickel and on iron as well as possible Single Electron Transfer reagents. Soluble coal extracts served as second generation model compounds during this reagent development project.
Download or read book Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization Quarterly Technical Report September 1 1993 November 30 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project seeks to determine the identity of representative organosulfur compounds removed by coal desulfurization reactions. Demineralized coals from the Illinois Basin Coal Sample Program are solvent extracted and the extracts fractionated to separate and concentrate the organosulfur compounds for analysis by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. After the sulfur compounds are characterized, the parent extracts will be subjected to reactions previously shown to reduce the organic sulfur content of Illinois coals. The treated extracts will be fractionated and analyzed for organosulfur content by the same method to determine which compounds reacted during the chemical treatment. Finally, the original coal will be subjected to chemical desulfurization, extraction, fractionation and analysis in order to correlate changes in organic sulfur content of the coal with reactions of specific sulfur compounds. These compounds can thus be reliably considered as target molecules for the next generation of desulfurization processes. Work during this quarter included studies to increase the amount of soluble material extracted from coal by several solvents and development of standard chromatographic methods for fractionation and analysis of soluble coal fractions. Pyridine solubility of several coals is enhanced by removal of mineral matter prior to extraction. The effect is modest (12% relative increase) for Illinois No. 6 coal and greater for lower rank coal. Ultrasound and swelling agents cause a large increase in pyridine solubility. Although toluene extracts much less material from Illinois coals than pyridine, removal of mineral matter prior to extraction causes a relatively larger increase in extraction yield (60 - 80% relative increase). Expected aromatic sulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene have been detected by GC/MS analysis of non-polar fractions of Illinois No. 6 extracts and several oxidized thiophenes were detected in extracts of weathered IBC-105 coal.
Download or read book The Status of Flue Gas Desulfurization Applications in the United States written by United States. Federal Power Commission and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coal Desulfurization written by Robert Allen Meyers and published by Marcel Dekker. This book was released on 1977 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mild Temperature Gasification written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bench-scale, mild-temperature fluidized bed gasification (MTFBG) was performed on three high sulfur Illinois basin coals after mixing with phosphoric-acid. The research initiated development of an advanced processing technology which partitions coal sulfur to the gas phase as H2s. The MTFBG experiments were performed on Illinois coals IBC-101, IBC-106 and IBC-110. Product yields were between 60--80% char, 0.41.3% tar and 20--40% gases. Gas yields were sensitive to the coal/acid mixing ratios and the residence time of the coal within the gasifier. Tar and gas yields were significantly lower for coal/acid feeds than for coal-only feeds. At 500°C, the sulfur removal was as high as 82% for IBC-106; sulfur emissions during combustion of this char would be 1.10 lbs SO2/MMBtu. Emission levels from the IBC-110 char would be 1.15 lbs SO2/MMBtu whereas it would be 2.15 lb SO, /MmBtu from the IBC-101 char. In comparison, the emission levels from chars produced during gasification of coal using no acid would be 4.35 (IBC-110) and 4.81 (IBC-101), whereas the emission levels of the parent coals would be between 5--6 lb SO2/MMBtu. Gas product analysis confirmed that the coal sulfur was removed as H2s. Pressurized hot-water filtration of the chars removed nearly 80% of the phosphorus. Its removal rate should be near 95% to restrain the reagent cost to less than $25/Ton of SO2.
Download or read book Environmental Pollution Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
