Download or read book Desulfurization of Coal Model Compounds and Coal Liquids M S Thesis Treatment with Metallic Sodium Or Sodium Salts Followed by Distillation written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most US coals contain sulfur concentrations that prevent their being burned without some form of sulfur removal. Current coal-cleaning technology can only remove the fairly reactive pyritic (inorganic) and aliphatic (organic) sulfur. A process which removes the more refractory hetero-aromatic sulfur could substantially increase the amount of coal reserves amenable to chemical cleaning. Sodium metal dispersions convert refractor model compounds into lighter desulfurized products and non-volatile sulfur-rich char. When treated with sodium, coal-derived solids show substantial desulfurization. The same treatment applied to coal-derived liquids, when combined with vacuum distillation of the reaction product, yields a desulfurized light distillate, an increase in absolute amount of distillate, and retention of sulfur in the vacuum residue. The presence of sodium in the residue allows fixation of the residual sulfur as Na2SO4 upon combustion, eliminating production of SO2 in the flue gas. Intimate contacting of sodium salts with high sulfur coal also fixes 97 to 99% of the sulfur as Na2SO4 upon combustion. This technique takes advantage of the high energy available for carbon-sulfur bond cleavage during combustion and the reaction of SO2 to form Na2SO4 to provide an inexpensive method for complete coal desulfurization.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Desulfurization of Coal Model Compounds and Coal Liquids written by James Anthony Wrathall and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Coal Desulfurization written by Robert Allen Meyers and published by Marcel Dekker. This book was released on 1977 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coal Desulfurization Prior to Combustion written by Robert C. Eliot and published by Noyes Data Corporation/Noyes Publications. This book was released on 1978 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Desulfurization of Various Midwestern Coals by Flotation written by Kenneth J. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Desulfurization of Coal Slurries by Electrolysis written by Shashi Bhagwan Lalvani and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coal Desulfurization Using Microwave Energy written by Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (Research Triangle Park, N.C.) and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Desulfurization of Coal and Selected Model Compounds by Chemical Methods written by David Egbo Ugwu and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Ferric Sulfate acid Media for the Desulfurization of Model Compounds of Coal written by Lloyd Robert Clary and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coal Desulfurization written by Thomas D. Wheelock and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a symposium sponsored by the Division of Fuel Chemistry at the 173rd meeting of the American Chemical Society.
Download or read book A NOVEL APPROACH TO CATALYTIC DESULFURIZATION OF COAL written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Column chromatographic separation of the S=PBu3/PBu3 product mixture followed by weighing the S=PBu3, and by vacuum distillation of S=PBu3/PBu3mixture followed by gas chromatographic analysis are described. Effects of coal mesh size, pre-treatment with methanol Coal (S) + excess PR3 --> Coal + S=PR3/PBu3 and sonication on sulfur removal by PBu3 revealed that particle size was not observed to affect desulfurization efficiency in a consistent manner. Coal pretreatment with methanol to induce swelling or the addition of a filter aid such as Celite reduced desulfurization efficiency of the PBu3 and sonication was no more effective than heating. A rationale is put forth for the lack of efficacy of methanol pretreatment of the coal in desulfurization runs with PBu3. Coal desulfurization with PBu3 was not improved in the presence of miniscule beads of molten lithium or sodium as a desulfurizing reagent for SPBu3 in a strategy aimed at regenerating PBu3 inside coal pores. Although desulfurization of coals did occur in sodium solutions in liquid ammonia, substantial loss of coal mass was also observed. Of particular concern is the mass balance in the above reaction, a problem which is described in some detail. In an effort to solve this difficulty, a specially designed apparatus is described which we believe can solve this problem reasonably effectively. Elemental sodium was found to remove sulfur quantitatively from a variety of polycyclic organosulfur compounds including dibenzothiophene and benzothiophene under relatively mild conditions (150 C) in a hydrocarbon solvent without requiring the addition of a hydrogen donor. Lithium facilitates the same reaction at a higher temperature (254 C). Mechanistic pathways are proposed for these transformations. Curiously, dibenzothiophene and its corresponding sulfone was virtually quantitatively desulfurized in sodium solutions in liquid ammonia at -33 C, although the yield of biphenyl was only about 20 to 30%. On the other hand, benzothiophene gave a high yield of 2-ethylthiophenol under these conditions. Although our superbase P(MeNCH2CH2)3N, which is now commercially available, is a more effective desulfurizing agent for a variety of organophosphorus compounds than PPh3 or its acyclic analogue P(NMe)3, it does not desulfurize benzothiophene or dibenzothiophene.
Download or read book Desulfurization of Hot Coal Gas written by Aysel T. Atimtay and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coal Desulfurization written by S. K. Kawatra and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2001 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written to provide a comprehensive survey of the current state-of-the-art information in coal preparation, with particular emphasis on coal desulfrization. The primary audience for this book will be practising coal preparation engineers who need complete information about all of the coal preparation and desulphurization technologies that are available now, or that may be available in the future. It will also be valuable for coal researchers who need details and comparative data for cutting-edge technologies that are still under development. The main emphasis is on physical coal preparation, but chapters also include chemical and biological technologies that are under development, but not yet used in industrial practice. Along with the successful technologies, also included are details of processes and techniques that were attempted, but were subsequently abandoned, along with discussions of the reasons they were abandoned.
Download or read book Use of Ferric Sulfate written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work has been to investigate the ability of ferric sulfate-acid leach systems to oxidize the sulfur in model compounds of coal. Ferric iron-acid leach systems have been shown to be quite effective at removal of inorganic sulfur in coal. In this study, the oxidative effect of ferric iron in acid-leach systems was studied using dibenzothiophene, diphenyl sulfide, and di-n-butyl sulfide as models of organic sulfur groups in coal. Nitrogen and oxygen, as well as various transition metal catalysts and oxidants, were utilized in this investigation. Dibenzothiophene was found to be quite refractory to oxidation, except in the case where metavanadate was added, where it appears that 40% oxidation to sulfone could have occurred per hour at 150°C and mild oxygen pressure. Diphenyl sulfide was selectively oxidized to sulfoxide and sulfone in an iron and oxygen system. Approximately 15% conversion to sulfone occurred per hour under these conditions. Some of the di-n-butyl sulfide was cracked to 1-butene and 1-butanethiol under similar conditions. Zinc chloride and ferric iron were used at 200°C in an attempt to desulfonate dibenzothiophene sulfone, diphenyl sulfone, and di-n-butyl sulfone. Di-n-butyl sulfone was completely desulfurized on one hour and fragmented to oxidized parafins, while dibenzothiophene sulfone and diphenyl sulfone were unaffected. These results suggest that an iron-acid leach process could only selectively oxidize aryl sulfides under mild conditions, representing only 20% of the organic sulfur in coal (8% of the total sulfur). Removal through desulfonation once selective sulfur oxidation had occurred was only demonstrated for alkyl sulfones, with severe oxidation of the fragmented paraffins also occurring in one hour.
Download or read book Chemical Engineering Design written by Gavin Towler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 1321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Engineering Design, Second Edition, deals with the application of chemical engineering principles to the design of chemical processes and equipment. Revised throughout, this edition has been specifically developed for the U.S. market. It provides the latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards. It contains new discussions of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development, and revamp design; extended coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing, and economics; and new chapters on equipment selection, reactor design, and solids handling processes. A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data, and Excel spreadsheet calculations, plus over 150 Patent References for downloading from the companion website. Extensive instructor resources, including 1170 lecture slides and a fully worked solutions manual are available to adopting instructors. This text is designed for chemical and biochemical engineering students (senior undergraduate year, plus appropriate for capstone design courses where taken, plus graduates) and lecturers/tutors, and professionals in industry (chemical process, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical sectors). New to this edition: - Revised organization into Part I: Process Design, and Part II: Plant Design. The broad themes of Part I are flowsheet development, economic analysis, safety and environmental impact and optimization. Part II contains chapters on equipment design and selection that can be used as supplements to a lecture course or as essential references for students or practicing engineers working on design projects. - New discussion of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development and revamp design - Significantly increased coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing and economics - New chapters on equipment selection, reactor design and solids handling processes - New sections on fermentation, adsorption, membrane separations, ion exchange and chromatography - Increased coverage of batch processing, food, pharmaceutical and biological processes - All equipment chapters in Part II revised and updated with current information - Updated throughout for latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards - Additional worked examples and homework problems - The most complete and up to date coverage of equipment selection - 108 realistic commercial design projects from diverse industries - A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data and Excel spreadsheet calculations plus over 150 Patent References, for downloading from the companion website - Extensive instructor resources: 1170 lecture slides plus fully worked solutions manual available to adopting instructors
