Download or read book Designing Fault tolerant Algorithms for Distributed Systems Using Communication Primitives written by T. K. Srikanth and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fault tolerant Message passing Distributed Systems written by Michel Raynal and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the most important fault-tolerant distributed programming abstractions and their associated distributed algorithms, in particular in terms of reliable communication and agreement, which lie at the heart of nearly all distributed applications. These programming abstractions, distributed objects or services, allow software designers and programmers to cope with asynchrony and the most important types of failures such as process crashes, message losses, and malicious behaviors of computing entities, widely known under the term "Byzantine fault-tolerance". The author introduces these notions in an incremental manner, starting from a clear specification, followed by algorithms which are first described intuitively and then proved correct. The book also presents impossibility results in classic distributed computing models, along with strategies, mainly failure detectors and randomization, that allow us to enrich these models. In this sense, the book constitutes an introduction to the science of distributed computing, with applications in all domains of distributed systems, such as cloud computing and blockchains. Each chapter comes with exercises and bibliographic notes to help the reader approach, understand, and master the fascinating field of fault-tolerant distributed computing.

Download or read book Communication and Agreement Abstractions for Fault Tolerant Asynchronous Distributed Systems written by Michel Raynal and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010-06-06 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding distributed computing is not an easy task. This is due to the many facets of uncertainty one has to cope with and master in order to produce correct distributed software. Considering the uncertainty created by asynchrony and process crash failures in the context of message-passing systems, the book focuses on the main abstractions that one has to understand and master in order to be able to produce software with guaranteed properties. These fundamental abstractions are communication abstractions that allow the processes to communicate consistently (namely the register abstraction and the reliable broadcast abstraction), and the consensus agreement abstractions that allows them to cooperate despite failures. As they give a precise meaning to the words "communicate" and "agree" despite asynchrony and failures, these abstractions allow distributed programs to be designed with properties that can be stated and proved. Impossibility results are associated with these abstractions. Hence, in order to circumvent these impossibilities, the book relies on the failure detector approach, and, consequently, that approach to fault-tolerance is central to the book. Table of Contents: List of Figures / The Atomic Register Abstraction / Implementing an Atomic Register in a Crash-Prone Asynchronous System / The Uniform Reliable Broadcast Abstraction / Uniform Reliable Broadcast Abstraction Despite Unreliable Channels / The Consensus Abstraction / Consensus Algorithms for Asynchronous Systems Enriched with Various Failure Detectors / Constructing Failure Detectors

Download or read book Algorithms for Fault Tolerant Distributed Systems written by Leslie Lamport and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research described in this report is presented in six parts: 1) On Interprocess Communication studies interprocess communication without assuming any lower-level communication primitives. A formalism is developed for reasoning about concurrent systems that does not assume an atomic grain of action; 2) The Intersecting Broadcast Machine is a novel array processor architecture, capable of processing efficiently programs whose arbitrary or complex structure would make them difficult to map onto conventional array processors. The architecture also supports fault-tolerant operation: 3) Broadcast Protocols for Distributed Systems considers how the broadcast character of communications media such as Ethernet and packet radio can be exploited to yield reliable communication with very little overhead; 4) Extending Interval Logic to Real Time Systems presents a technique for the formal expression of the real-time constraints that are critical to the specification of fault-tolerant distributed systems; 5) Consistency of Replicated Information in Multichannel Fault Tolerant Systems considers the possibility of using similar, but not identical, processing in the replicas of a fault tolerant system. Conventional fault tolerant systems using replicate processing require the replicas to be identical, so that they can be compared by exact match algorithms. This exact replication increases the risk that a common fault will affect all replicas and cause system failure; and 6) Experimental Implementation and Evaluation of the TRANS Broadcast Protocol describes an implementation and evaluation of the broadcast protocol outlined in Part III. Keywords: Multiprocessors. (KR).

Download or read book Fault tolerant Agreement in Synchronous Message passing Systems written by Michel Raynal and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010-06-06 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding distributed computing is not an easy task. This is due to the many facets of uncertainty one has to cope with and master in order to produce correct distributed software. A previous book Communication and Agreement Abstraction for Fault-tolerant Asynchronous Distributed Systems (published by Morgan & Claypool, 2010) was devoted to the problems created by crash failures in asynchronous message-passing systems. The present book focuses on the way to cope with the uncertainty created by process failures (crash, omission failures and Byzantine behavior) in synchronous message-passing systems (i.e., systems whose progress is governed by the passage of time). To that end, the book considers fundamental problems that distributed synchronous processes have to solve. These fundamental problems concern agreement among processes (if processes are unable to agree in one way or another in presence of failures, no non-trivial problem can be solved). They are consensus, interactive consistency, k-set agreement and non-blocking atomic commit. Being able to solve these basic problems efficiently with provable guarantees allows applications designers to give a precise meaning to the words "cooperate" and "agree" despite failures, and write distributed synchronous programs with properties that can be stated and proved. Hence, the aim of the book is to present a comprehensive view of agreement problems, algorithms that solve them and associated computability bounds in synchronous message-passing distributed systems. Table of Contents: List of Figures / Synchronous Model, Failure Models, and Agreement Problems / Consensus and Interactive Consistency in the Crash Failure Model / Expedite Decision in the Crash Failure Model / Simultaneous Consensus Despite Crash Failures / From Consensus to k-Set Agreement / Non-Blocking Atomic Commit in Presence of Crash Failures / k-Set Agreement Despite Omission Failures / Consensus Despite Byzantine Failures / Byzantine Consensus in Enriched Models

Download or read book Fault Tolerance in Distributed Systems written by Pankaj Jalote and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1994 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fault tolerance is an approach by which reliability of a computer system can be increased beyond what can be achieved by traditional methods. Comprehensive and self-contained, this book explores the information available on software supported fault tolerance techniques, with a focus on fault tolerance in distributed systems.

Download or read book Fault Tolerant System Design written by Shem-Tov Levi and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1994 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive exploration of the practical issues, tested techniques, and accepted theory for developing fault tolerant systems. It is a ready reference to work already done in the field, with new approaches devised by the authors.

Download or read book Distributed Network Systems written by Weijia Jia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-14 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both authors have taught the course of “Distributed Systems” for many years in the respective schools. During the teaching, we feel strongly that “Distributed systems” have evolved from traditional “LAN” based distributed systems towards “Internet based” systems. Although there exist many excellent textbooks on this topic, because of the fast development of distributed systems and network programming/protocols, we have difficulty in finding an appropriate textbook for the course of “distributed systems” with orientation to the requirement of the undergraduate level study for today’s distributed technology. Specifically, from - to-date concepts, algorithms, and models to implementations for both distributed system designs and application programming. Thus the philosophy behind this book is to integrate the concepts, algorithm designs and implementations of distributed systems based on network programming. After using several materials of other textbooks and research books, we found that many texts treat the distributed systems with separation of concepts, algorithm design and network programming and it is very difficult for students to map the concepts of distributed systems to the algorithm design, prototyping and implementations. This book intends to enable readers, especially postgraduates and senior undergraduate level, to study up-to-date concepts, algorithms and network programming skills for building modern distributed systems. It enables students not only to master the concepts of distributed network system but also to readily use the material introduced into implementation practices.

Download or read book Communication efficient and Fault tolerant Algorithms for Distributed Machine Learning written by Farzin Haddadpour and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed computing over multiple nodes has been emerging in practical systems. Comparing to the classical single node computation, distributed computing offers higher computing speeds over large data. However, the computation delay of the overall distributed system is controlled by its slower nodes, i.e., straggler nodes. Furthermore, if we want to run iterative algorithms such as gradient descent based algorithms communication cost becomes a bottleneck. Therefore, it is important to design coded strategies while they are prone to these straggler nodes, at the same time they are communication-efficient. Recent work has developed coding theoretic approaches to add redundancy to distributed matrix-vector multiplications with the goal of speeding up the computation by mitigating the straggler effect in distributed computing. First, we consider the case where the matrix comes from a small (e.g., binary) alphabet, where a variant of a popular method called the ``Four-Russians method'' is known to have significantly lower computational complexity as compared with the usual matrix-vector multiplication algorithm. We develop novel code constructions that are applicable to binary matrix-vector multiplication {via a variant of the Four-Russians method called the Mailman algorithm}. Specifically, in our constructions, the encoded matrices have a low alphabet that ensures lower computational complexity, as well as good straggler tolerance. We also present a trade-off between the communication and computation cost of distributed coded matrix-vector multiplication {for general, possibly non-binary, matrices.} Second, we provide novel coded computation strategies, called MatDot, for distributed matrix-matrix products that outperform the recent ``Polynomial code'' constructions in recovery threshold, i.e., the required number of successful workers at the cost of higher computation cost per worker and higher communication cost from each worker to the fusion node. We also demonstrate a novel coding technique for multiplying $n$ matrices ($n \geq 3$) using ideas from MatDot codes. Third, we introduce the idea of \emph{cross-iteration coded computing}, an approach to reducing communication costs for a large class of distributed iterative algorithms involving linear operations, including gradient descent and accelerated gradient descent for quadratic loss functions. The state-of-the-art approach for these iterative algorithms involves performing one iteration of the algorithm per round of communication among the nodes. In contrast, our approach performs multiple iterations of the underlying algorithm in a single round of communication by incorporating some redundancy storage and computation. Our algorithm works in the master-worker setting with the workers storing carefully constructed linear transformations of input matrices and using these matrices in an iterative algorithm, with the master node inverting the effect of these linear transformations. In addition to reduced communication costs, a trivial generalization of our algorithm also includes resilience to stragglers and failures as well as Byzantine worker nodes. We also show a special case of our algorithm that trades-off between communication and computation. The degree of redundancy of our algorithm can be tuned based on the amount of communication and straggler resilience required. Moreover, we also describe a variant of our algorithm that can flexibly recover the results based on the degree of straggling in the worker nodes. The variant allows for the performance to degrade gracefully as the number of successful (non-straggling) workers is lowered. Communication overhead is one of the key challenges that hinders the scalability of distributed optimization algorithms to train large neural networks. In recent years, there has been a great deal of research to alleviate communication cost by compressing the gradient vector or using local updates and periodic model averaging. Next direction in this thesis, is to advocate the use of redundancy towards communication-efficient distributed stochastic algorithms for non-convex optimization. In particular, we, both theoretically and practically, show that by properly infusing redundancy to the training data with model averaging, it is possible to significantly reduce the number of communication rounds. To be more precise, we show that redundancy reduces residual error in local averaging, thereby reaching the same level of accuracy with fewer rounds of communication as compared with previous algorithms. Empirical studies on CIFAR10, CIFAR100 and ImageNet datasets in a distributed environment complement our theoretical results; they show that our algorithms have additional beneficial aspects including tolerance to failures, as well as greater gradient diversity. Next, we study local distributed SGD, where data is partitioned among computation nodes, and the computation nodes perform local updates with periodically exchanging the model among the workers to perform averaging. While local SGD is empirically shown to provide promising results, a theoretical understanding of its performance remains open. We strengthen convergence analysis for local SGD, and show that local SGD can be far less expensive and applied far more generally than current theory suggests. Specifically, we show that for loss functions that satisfy the \pl~condition, $O((pT)^{1/3})$ rounds of communication suffice to achieve a linear speed up, that is, an error of $O(1/pT)$, where $T$ is the total number of model updates at each worker. This is in contrast with previous work which required higher number of communication rounds, as well as was limited to strongly convex loss functions, for a similar asymptotic performance. We also develop an adaptive synchronization scheme that provides a general condition for linear speed up. We also validate the theory with experimental results, running over AWS EC2 clouds and an internal GPU cluster. In final section, we focus on Federated learning where communication cost is often a critical bottleneck to scale up distributed optimization algorithms to collaboratively learn a model from millions of devices with potentially unreliable or limited communication and heterogeneous data distributions. Two notable trends to deal with the communication overhead of federated algorithms are \emph{gradient compression} and \emph{local computation with periodic communication}. Despite many attempts, characterizing the relationship between these two approaches has proven elusive. We address this by proposing a set of algorithms with periodical compressed (quantized or sparsified) communication and analyze their convergence properties in both homogeneous and heterogeneous local data distributions settings. For the homogeneous setting, our analysis improves existing bounds by providing tighter convergence rates for both \emph{strongly convex} and \emph{non-convex} objective functions. To mitigate data heterogeneity, we introduce a \emph{local gradient tracking} scheme and obtain sharp convergence rates that match the best-known communication complexities without compression for convex, strongly convex, and nonconvex settings. We complement our theoretical results by demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed methods on real-world datasets.

Download or read book Design and Development of Algorithms for Fault Tolerant Distributed Systems written by P. D. Ezhilchelvan and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Methods Models and Tools for Fault Tolerance written by Michael Butler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-26 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing complexity of modern software systems makes it increasingly difficult to ensure the overall dependability of software-intensive systems. Mastering system complexity requires design techniques that support clear thinking and rigorous validation and verification. Formal design methods together with fault-tolerant design techniques help to achieve this. Therefore, there is a clear need for methods that enable rigorous modeling and the development of complex fault-tolerant systems. This book is an outcome of the workshop on Methods, Models and Tools for Fault Tolerance, MeMoT 2007, held in conjunction with the 6th international conference on Integrated Formal Methods, iFM 2007, in Oxford, UK, in July 2007. The authors of the best workshop papers were asked to enhance and expand their work, and a number of well-established researchers working in the area contributed invited chapters in addition. From the 15 refereed and revised papers presented, 12 are versions reworked from the workshop and 3 papers are invited. The articles are organized in four topical sections on: formal reasoning about fault-tolerant systems and protocols; fault tolerance: modelling in B; fault tolerance in system development process; and fault-tolerant applications.

Download or read book Introduction to Distributed Algorithms written by Gerard Tel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-09-28 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed algorithms have been the subject of intense development over the last twenty years. The second edition of this successful textbook provides an up-to-date introduction both to the topic, and to the theory behind the algorithms. The clear presentation makes the book suitable for advanced undergraduate or graduate courses, whilst the coverage is sufficiently deep to make it useful for practising engineers and researchers. The author concentrates on algorithms for the point-to-point message passing model, and includes algorithms for the implementation of computer communication networks. Other key areas discussed are algorithms for the control of distributed applications (wave, broadcast, election, termination detection, randomized algorithms for anonymous networks, snapshots, deadlock detection, synchronous systems), and fault-tolerance achievable by distributed algorithms. The two new chapters on sense of direction and failure detectors are state-of-the-art and will provide an entry to research in these still-developing topics.

Download or read book An algorithm with applications to two problems in the design and operation of fault tolerant distributed systems written by Duke University. Dept. of Computer Science and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dependable Computing Systems written by Hassan B. Diab and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-10-05 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A team of recognized experts leads the way to dependable computing systems With computers and networks pervading every aspect of daily life, there is an ever-growing demand for dependability. In this unique resource, researchers and organizations will find the tools needed to identify and engage state-of-the-art approaches used for the specification, design, and assessment of dependable computer systems. The first part of the book addresses models and paradigms of dependable computing, and the second part deals with enabling technologies and applications. Tough issues in creating dependable computing systems are also tackled, including: * Verification techniques * Model-based evaluation * Adjudication and data fusion * Robust communications primitives * Fault tolerance * Middleware * Grid security * Dependability in IBM mainframes * Embedded software * Real-time systems Each chapter of this contributed work has been authored by a recognized expert. This is an excellent textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science, as well as a must-have reference that will help engineers, programmers, and technologists develop systems that are secure and reliable.

Download or read book Fault Tolerant Distributed Computing written by Barbara Simons and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-11-16 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the Asilomar Workshop on Fault-Tolerant Distributed Computing, held March 17-19, 1986, was to facilitate interaction between theoreticians and practitioners by inviting speakers and choosing topics so as to present a broad overview of the field. This volume contains 22 papers stemming from the workshop, most of them revised and rewritten, presenting research results in distributed systems and fault-tolerant architectures and systems. The volume should be of use to students, researchers and developers.

Download or read book Distributed Algorithms written by Jean-Claude Bermond and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1989-09-06 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes the papers presented at the Third International Workshop on Distributed Algorithms organized at La Colle-sur-Loup, near Nice, France, September 26-28, 1989 which followed the first two successful international workshops in Ottawa (1985) and Amsterdam (1987). This workshop provided a forum for researchers and others interested in distributed algorithms on communication networks, graphs, and decentralized systems. The aim was to present recent research results, explore directions for future research, and identify common fundamental techniques that serve as building blocks in many distributed algorithms. Papers describe original results in all areas of distributed algorithms and their applications, including: distributed combinatorial algorithms, distributed graph algorithms, distributed algorithms for control and communication, distributed database techniques, distributed algorithms for decentralized systems, fail-safe and fault-tolerant distributed algorithms, distributed optimization algorithms, routing algorithms, design of network protocols, algorithms for transaction management, composition of distributed algorithms, and analysis of distributed algorithms.

Download or read book Introduction to Distributed Self Stabilizing Algorithms written by Karine Altisen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims at being a comprehensive and pedagogical introduction to the concept of self-stabilization, introduced by Edsger Wybe Dijkstra in 1973. Self-stabilization characterizes the ability of a distributed algorithm to converge within finite time to a configuration from which its behavior is correct (i.e., satisfies a given specification), regardless the arbitrary initial configuration of the system. This arbitrary initial configuration may be the result of the occurrence of a finite number of transient faults. Hence, self-stabilization is actually considered as a versatile non-masking fault tolerance approach, since it recovers from the effect of any finite number of such faults in an unified manner. Another major interest of such an automatic recovery method comes from the difficulty of resetting malfunctioning devices in a large-scale (and so, geographically spread) distributed system (the Internet, Pair-to-Pair networks, and Delay Tolerant Networks are examples of such distributed systems). Furthermore, self-stabilization is usually recognized as a lightweight property to achieve fault tolerance as compared to other classical fault tolerance approaches. Indeed, the overhead, both in terms of time and space, of state-of-the-art self-stabilizing algorithms is commonly small. This makes self-stabilization very attractive for distributed systems equipped of processes with low computational and memory capabilities, such as wireless sensor networks. After more than 40 years of existence, self-stabilization is now sufficiently established as an important field of research in theoretical distributed computing to justify its teaching in advanced research-oriented graduate courses. This book is an initiation course, which consists of the formal definition of self-stabilization and its related concepts, followed by a deep review and study of classical (simple) algorithms, commonly used proof schemes and design patterns, as well as premium results issued from the self-stabilizing community. As often happens in the self-stabilizing area, in this book we focus on the proof of correctness and the analytical complexity of the studied distributed self-stabilizing algorithms. Finally, we underline that most of the algorithms studied in this book are actually dedicated to the high-level atomic-state model, which is the most commonly used computational model in the self-stabilizing area. However, in the last chapter, we present general techniques to achieve self-stabilization in the low-level message passing model, as well as example algorithms.