Download or read book Design Synthesis and Characterization of Self assembling Conjugated Polymers for Use in Organic Electronic Applications written by Kathy Beckner Woody and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated polymers comprise some of the most promising materials for new technologies such as organic field effect transistors, solar light harvesting technology and sensing devices. In spite of tremendous research initiatives in materials chemistry, the potential to optimize device performance and develop new technologies is remarkable. Understanding relationships between the structure of conjugated polymers and their electronic properties is critical to improving device performance. The design and synthesis of new materials which self-organize into ordered nanostructures creates opportunities to establish relationships between electronic properties and morphology or molecular packing. This thesis details our progress in the development of synthetic routes which provide access to new classes of conjugated polymers that contain dissimilar side chains that segregate or dissimilar conjugated blocks which phase separate, and summarizes our initial attempts to characterize these materials. Poly(1,4-phenylene ethynylene)s (PPEs) have been used in a variety of organic electronic applications, most notably as fluorescent sensors. Using traditional synthetic methods, asymmetrically disubstituted PPEs have irregular placement of side chains on the conjugated backbone. Herein, we establish the first synthetic route to an asymmetrically substituted regioregular PPEs. The initial PPEs in this study have different lengths of alkoxy side chains, and both regioregular and regiorandom analogs are synthesized and characterized for comparison. The design of amphiphilic structures provides additional opportunities for side chains to influence the molecular packing and electronic properties of conjugated polymers. A new class of regioregular, amphiphilic PPEs has been prepared bearing alkoxy and semifluoroalkoxy side chains, which have a tendency to phase separate. Fully conjugated block copolymers can provide access to interesting new morphologies as a result of phase separation of the conjugated blocks. In particular, donor-acceptor block copolymers that phase separate into electron rich and electron poor domains may be advantageous in organic electronic devices such as bulk heterojunction solar cells, of which the performance relies on precise control of the interface between electron donating and accepting materials. The availability of donor-acceptor block copolymers is limited, largely due to the challenges associated with synthesizing these materials. In this thesis, two new synthetic routes to donor-acceptor block copolymers are established. These methods both utilize the catalyst transfer condensation polymerization, which proceeds by a chain growth mechanism. The first example entails the synthesis of a monofunctionalized, telechelic poly(3-alkylthiophene) which can be coupled to electron accepting polymers in a subsequent reaction. The other method describes the first example of a one-pot synthesis of a donor-acceptor diblock copolymer. The methods of synthesis are described, and characterization of the block copolymers is reported.
Download or read book Conjugated Polymers for Next Generation Applications Volume 1 written by Vijay Kumar and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-06-24 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated Polymers for Next-Generation Applications, Volume One: Synthesis, Properties and Optoelectrochemical Devices describes the synthesis and characterization of varied conjugated polymeric materials and their key applications, including active electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors and lithium-ion batteries, along with new ideas of functional materials for next-generation high-energy batteries, a discussion of common design procedures, and the pros and cons of conjugated polymers for certain applications. The book’s emphasis lies in the underlying electronic properties of conjugated polymers, their characterization and analysis, and the evaluation of their effectiveness for utilization in energy and electronics applications. This book is ideal for researchers and practitioners in the area of materials science, chemistry and chemical engineering. Provides an overview of the synthesis and functionalization of conjugated polymers and their composites Reviews important photovoltaics applications of conjugated polymeric materials, including their use in energy storage, batteries and optoelectronic devices Discusses conjugated polymers and their application in electronics for sensing, bioelectronics, memory, and more
Download or read book Conjugated Polymers for Organic Electronics written by Andrew Grimsdale and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-04-04 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on how conjugated polymers can be designed and made for use in efficient organic electronic devices, this book covers the tools for future development of more environmentally and economically friendly devices. Including examples of interdisciplinary science, it exemplifies how chemists and physicists work together to enable the design and synthesis of high-performance material in devices, allowing polymer-based electronic devices to become viable commercial products. It provides the main classes of conjugated polymers and their applications in organic electronic devices such as transistors, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells, making this a comprehensive introduction. This complete guide includes the methods for making conjugated polymers, the properties and specific structures that make them suitable for use, and how their synthesis can be optimised to improve device performance. Written by experts in the field, this is the ideal guide for researchers and practitioners across materials science, physics, chemistry, and electrical engineering.
Download or read book Organic Radical Polymers written by Sanjoy Mukherjee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-22 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed introduction to organic radical polymers and open-shell macromolecules. Functional macromolecules have led to marked increases in a wide range of technologies, and one of the fastest growing of these fields is that of organic electronic materials and devices. To date, synthetic and organic electronic device efforts have focused almost exclusively on closed-shell polymers despite the promise of open-shell macromolecules in myriad applications. This text represents the first comprehensive review of the design, synthesis, characterization, and device applications of open-shell polymers. In particular, it will summarize the impressive synthetic and device performance efforts that have been achieved with respect to energy storage, energy conversion, magnetic, and spintronic applications. By combining comprehensive reviews with a wealth of informative figures, the text provides the reader with a complete “molecules-to-modules” understanding of the state of the art in open-shell macromolecules. Moreover, the monograph highlights future directions for open-shell polymers in order to allow the reader to be part of the community that continues to build the field. In this way, the reader will gain a rapid understanding of the field and will have a clear pathway to utilize these materials in next-generation applications.
Download or read book Conjugated Polymers for Next Generation Applications Volume 2 written by Vijay Kumar and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-06-23 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated Polymers for Next-Generation Applications, Volume Two: Energy Storage Devices describes the synthesis and characterization of varied conjugated polymeric materials and their key applications, including active electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors and lithium-ion batteries, along with new ideas of functional materials for next-generation high-energy batteries, a discussion of common design procedures, and the pros and cons of conjugated polymers for certain applications. The book’s emphasis lies in the underlying electronic properties of conjugated polymers, their characterization and analysis, and the evaluation of their effectiveness for utilization in energy and electronics applications. This book is ideal for researchers and practitioners in the area of materials science, chemistry and chemical engineering. Provides an overview of the synthesis and functionalization of conjugated polymers and their composites Reviews important photovoltaics applications of conjugated polymeric materials, including their use in energy storage, batteries and optoelectronic devices Discusses conjugated polymers and their application in electronics for sensing, bioelectronics, memory, and more
Download or read book Design Synthesis and Characterization of Conjugated Polymers for Photovoltaics and Electrochromics written by Kim Bini and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design Synthesis and Application of Novel Conjugated Materials written by Haichang Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design Synthesis and Application of Novel Conjugated Materials Part II written by Haichang Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conjugated Polymer Design and Engineering for Organic Electronics written by Claire Hoi Kar Woo and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The molecular structure of a conjugated polymer critically impacts its physical and optoelectronic properties, thus determining its ultimate performance in organic electronic devices. In this work, new polymers and derivatives are designed, synthesized, characterized, and tested in photovoltaic devices. Through device engineering and nanoscale characterization, general structure-function relationships are established to aid the design of the next-generation of high performance polymer semiconductors for organic electronic applications. Using a prototypical conjugated polymer, the influence of backbone regioregularity is examined and found to highly impact polymer crystallinity, solid state morphology and device stability. The investigation of alternative aromatic units in the backbone also led to new understandings in polymer processability and the development of promising materials for organic photovoltaics. Besides the backbone structure, the side chain choice of the polymer can significantly affect material properties and device performance as well. In fact, the side chain substitution can influence both the optoelectronic properties and the physical properties of the polymer. A sterically bulky side chain can be used to tune the donor/acceptor separation distance, which in turn determines the charge separation efficiency. The addition of a polar side group increases the dielectric constant of a polymer and improves overall charge separation. Choosing the appropriate solubilizing group can also induce solid state packing of the polymer and considerably enhance device efficiency. Finally, the influence of post-fabrication processing techniques on the crystallinity and charge transport properties of a polymer is highlighted.
Download or read book Design of Hybrid Conjugated Polymer Materials written by Joseph J. Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research presented in this dissertation focuses on the design and synthesis of novel hybrid conjugated polymer materials using two different approaches: 1) inorganic/organic hybrid semiconductors through the incorporation of carboranes into the polymer structure and 2) the modification of surfaces with conjugated polymers via grafting approaches. Hybrid conjugated polymeric materials, which are materials or systems in which conjugated polymers are chemically integrated with non-traditional structures or surfaces, have the potential to harness useful properties from both components of the material to help overcome hurdles in their practical realization in polymer-based devices. This work is centered around the synthetic challenges of creating new hybrid conjugated systems and their potential for advancing the field of polymer-based electronics through both greater understanding of the behavior of hybrid systems, and access to improved performance and new applications. Chapter 1 highlights the potential applications and advantages for these hybrid systems, and provides some historical perspective, along with relevant background materials, to illustrate the rationale behind this work. Chapter 2 explores the synthesis of poly(fluorene)s with pendant carborane cages. The Ni(0) dehalogenative polymerization of a dibromofluorene with pendant carborane cages tethered to the bridging 9-position produced hybrid polymers produced polymers which combined the useful emissive characteristics of poly(fluorene) with the thermal and chemical stability of carborane cages. The materials were found to display increased glass transition temperatures and showed improved emission color stability after annealing at high temperatures relative to the non-hybrid polymer. The design and synthesis of a poly(fluorene)-based hybrid material with carborane cages in the backbone, rather than as pendant groups, begins in chapter 3. Poly(fluorene) with p-carborane in the backbone is synthesized and characterized, and the material is found to be a high MW, soluble blue emitter which shows a higher glass transition temperature and greater stability than a non-hybrid polymer. UV absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated some electronic interaction between the conjugated polymer and the cages, but they did not appear to be fully conjugated in the traditional sense. Chapter 4 describes the design, synthesis, and characterization of poly(fluorene) with o-carborane in the backbone. Profound changes in the behavior of the polymer, from its polymerization behavior to its emission characteristics, were observed and their origins are discussed. Experiments to explore the nature of the cage/polymer interactions were performed and possible applications which take advantage of the unique nature of the o-carborane hybrid polymer are explored and discussed. Hybrid conjugated polymer materials via grafting approaches to surfaces and surface modification are discussed starting in chapter 5. The synthesis of a dibromofluorene-based silane coupling agent for the surface functionalization of oxide surfaces is presented, and the surface directed Ni(0) dehalogenative polymerization of poly(dihexylfluorene) is explored Chapter 6 focuses on the exploration of conjugated polymer/cellulose hybrid materials. Surface medication of cellulose materials with monomer-like anchor points is discussed. Grafting of the modified cellulose with conjugated polymers was explored and the grafting of three different repeat structures based on fluorene-, fluorenevinylene-, and fluoreneethynylene motifs were optimized to provide a general route to cellulose/conjugated polymer hybrid materials. Characterization and possible applications of such hybrid materials are discussed. Finally, chapter 7 is devoted to the simultaneous surface patterning and functionalization of poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) thin films using a silane infusion-based wrinkling technique. While not a conjugated polymer system, the spontaneous patterning and functionalization methods explored in this chapter produce hybrid organic/inorganic polymer thin films which have applications that range from optics, to adhesion, to polymer-based electronics, and the research compliments the other chapters. The spontaneous generation of complex patterns, of a small scale approaching 100nm feature size, over a large area with simultaneous control over surface chemistry is explored. Examples of complex, hierarchically patterned films which integrate lithographic processes such as nanoimprint lithography and electron beam lithography with spontaneous patterning via wrinkling are presented.
Download or read book Design Synthesis Characterization and Study of Novel Conjugated Polymers written by Wu Chen and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conjugated Objects written by Atsushi Nagai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated Objects: Development, Synthesis, and Application contains 17 chapters written by young researchers and contains current trends in pi-conjugated systems for application in broad research areas such as design of unique pi-conjugation, catalysts, self-assembly, charge transfer complexes, liquid crystals, supramolecules, and nanostructures by using conjugated small and/or macro-objects organically or electrochemically. The book can be used as a textbook of basic learning by undergraduate and graduate students of chemistry, electrical and electronics engineering, and materials science and by supramolecular researchers in nanotechnology and biotechnology.
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Conjugated Polymers and Small Molecules for Photovoltaic Applications written by Robert James Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes the synthesis and characterization of several novel conjugated polymers and small molecules for use in research on organic photovoltaics (i.e. polymer solar cells/organic solar cells). Chapter 1 is an introductory chapter that briefly introduces semiconducting polymers and gives a brief overview of their use in polymer solar cells. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis and characterization of the conjugated polyelectrolyte, poly{(4,4-bis(3'-(N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)propyl)cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(thiophene-2,5-diyl)} bromide (PCT). Chapter 3 describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of conjugated polymers containing substituted dithieno[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine monomer units, and also describes the fabrication and analysis of solar cells devices made from these materials. Chapter 4 describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of conjugated polymers and small molecules based on the condensation of various aromatic o-diamines with o-diketones to produce novel N-heteroacenes. Chapter 5 gives a brief review of the work reported in this dissertation and provides suggestions for future work that can be built on those findings.
Download or read book Design Synthesis and Characterization of Conjugated Polymers and Functional Paramagnetic Materials for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization written by Eric Lawrence Dane and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of radicals and biradicals for use as dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) agents is described. DNP is a method to enhance the S/N-ratio in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS-NMR) that involves transferring the polarization of electrons, which are more easily polarized due to their larger magnetic moment, to nuclei. Two strategies to improve the performance of DNP-agents have been explored. The first involves combining a carbon-centered radical (1,3-bisdiphenylene-2-phenylallyl (BDPA) radical), which has a narrow line width at high field, with a nitroxide radical (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical), which has a broader line width at high field. The synthesis and characterization of a BDPA-TEMPO biradical is described and is a first step in testing whether polarization agents of this type will out perform the currently used biradicals. Additionally, the synthesis of a water-soluble derivative of BDPA is described. The second strategy involves designing dinitroxide biradicals that rigidly hold the radicals in an orthogonal geometry. The synthesis of dinitroxide radicals of this type is described, along with efforts to optimize aqueous solubility. The design, synthesis, and characterization of thioether-containing poly(paraphenylene-ethynylene) (PPE) copolymers are reported. The polymers show a fluorescence turn-on response when exposed to oxidants in solution, and the oxidized polymers show desirable thin-film properties, such as high quantum yields and increased photostability. Work towards the synthesis of electroactive conjugated polymers based on the BDPA free radical is also reported.
Download or read book Metal Molecular Assembly for Functional Materials written by Yutaka Matsuo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on modern coordination chemistry, covering porous coordination polymers, metalloproteins, metallopeptides, nanoclusters, nanocapsules, aligned polymers, and fullerenes. As well, it deals with applications to electronic devices and surface characterization. These wide-ranging topics are integrally described from the perspectives of dimensionality (one-, two-, and three-dimension), new materials design, synthesis, molecular assembly, function and application. The nine chapters making up this book have been authored by scientists who are at the cutting edge of research in this particular field. The level is appropriate for graduate students, post-doc researchers, and new faculty members whose aim is to become familiar with modern coordination chemistry from its basics to applications.
Download or read book Novel Semiconducting Polymers written by Emir Hubijar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1 provides general information on conjugated polymers utilized in polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs), polymer solar cells (PSCs) and organic field effect transistors (OFETs). It also includes brief description and schematic diagrams for each device configuration.
Download or read book Structure property Relationships of Self assembled Conjugated Polymers written by Pablo de la Iglesia and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated polymers, due to their unique optical and electronic properties, can be used for applications such as photovoltaic devices, light-emitting diodes, transistors, and organic sensors. Although, conjugated polymers have several promising properties, uses for these materials are often limited by inefficient charge transport. Inducing polymer aggregation improves the efficiency of charge propagation due to an increase on the conjugation length of the polymer and the crystallization of the polymer domains. The scope of this project is to study the self-assembly of conjugated polymers and its effect on the properties of the materials. More specifically, this project aims to control the kinetics of aggregation in order to affect the structural conformation of the polymer and have an impact on the properties of the material. Self-assembly is controlled by changing parameters such as solvent quality, temperature and dopant chemistry. Both structure and properties change in response to the conditions in which the polymer is placed. This means that the properties of the material could be controlled and optimized. Additionally, a protocol to synthesized organic solvent dispersible Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiphehe) is developed and studied. This synthesis uses the controlled aggregation of the polymer strands to prevent the polymer from going out of dispersion. This procedure enables the use of one of the most conductive conjugated polymers in applications previously prohibited due to its poor processability.
