Download or read book Design Recommendations for the WCI Regional Cap and trade Program written by Western Climate Initiative and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design Recommendations for the WCI Regional Cap and Trade Program September 23 2008 written by Western Climate Initiative and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design recommendations for the WCI regional cap and trade program written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coverage of these emissions will begin at the start of the second compliance period; 1. The scope defines the GHG emissions that are included in the cap-and-trade program, including the emission sources and GHG emissions that fall under the cap. [...] The term entity is generally used when the point of regulation is upstream of the point of emissions, to describe a company that has an obligation to surrender allowances to cover the carbon content of the fuel the company is moving through commerce, or when the point of regulation is at the First Jurisdictional Deliverer, to describe a company that has an obligation to surrender allowances to cov [...] The regional cap in 2015 will be set by adding the best estimate of expected actual emissions in 2015 from transportation fuels and residential, commercial, and industrial fuels (and any other sectors or sources that may be added to the program for the first time in 2015) to the emissions trajectory for the sources first included in the program in 2012. [...] For 2015, each WCI Partner jurisdiction's allowance budget will be set by adding the best estimate of expected actual emissions in 2015 from transportation fuels and residential, commercial, and industrial fuels (and any other sectors or sources that may be added to the program for the first time in 2015) to the emissions trajectory for the sources first included in the program in 2012. [...] The percentage of the allowance budgets, the reserve price, the fraction of unsold allowances that will be retired, and the fraction of unsold allowances that will be retained by the individual WCI Partner jurisdictions will be determined as part of the auction design.
Download or read book Handbook of Carbon Offset Programs written by Anja Kollmuss and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2010 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenhouse gas (GHG) offsets have long been promoted as an important element of a comprehensive climate policy approach. Offset programs can reduce the overall cost of achieving a given emission goal by enabling emission reductions to occur where costs are lower. Offsets have the potential to deliver sustainability co-benefits, through technology development and transfer. They can also develop human and institutional capacity for reducing emissions in sectors and locations not included in a cap and trade or a mandatory government policy. However, offsets can pose a risk to the environmental integrity of climate actions, especially if issues surrounding additionality, permanence, leakage, quantification and verification are not adequately addressed. The challenge is to design offset programs and policies that can maximize their potential benefits while minimizing their potential risks. This handbook provides a systematic and comprehensive review of existing offset programs. It looks at what offsets are, how offset mechanisms function, and the successes and pitfalls they have encountered. Coverage includes offset programs across the full swath of applications including mandatory and voluntary systems, government regulated and private markets, carbon offset funds, and accounting and reporting protocols such as the WBCSD/WRI GHG Protocol and ISO 14064. Learning from the successes and failures of these programs will be essential to crafting effective climate policy. This is an essential reference for all regulators, policy makers, business leaders and NGOs concerned with the design and operation of GHG offset programs world-wide. Published with SEI
Download or read book The Corporate Counsellor s Deskbook written by Dennis J. Block and published by Wolters Kluwer. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 2315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fifth edition of The Corporate Counsellor's Deskbook offers insightful analysis of the key areas of the law of critical interest to in-house counsel and corporate law departments, as well as outside firms and attorneys who represent corporate clients on a regular basis.The authors provide step-by-step guidance on issues such as: Employment agreements and executive compensationManaging complex litigation and litigation budgetingImplementing internal procedures to protect against insider trading and internal file controlsTaking advantage of alternative dispute resolution formatsCounseling on employment law and intellectual propertyNoncompetition agreementsImport regulation and customs complianceEnvironmental law concerns.Additional topics in the Fifth Edition include:
Download or read book Legal Aspects of Carbon Trading written by David Freestone and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-10 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2005 the carbon market has grown to a value of nearly $100 billion per annum, including the EU Emissions Trading Scheme and other schemes. This work covers the legal aspects of these schemes, as well as reform of the ETS, and the successor regime to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol currently being negotiated. It will be invaluable to those involved in the field.
Download or read book Connections Between Climate Policy and Forests in the Western Climate Initiative Cap and Trade System written by Allan J. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Western Regional Climate Action Initiative (WCI) was signed by the governors of Arizona, California, New Mexico, Oregon, and Washington, on February 26, 2007. Upon the release of the September 2008 Design Recommendations for the WCI Regional Cap-and-Trade Program, the WCI also included Montana, Utah, and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. A WCI goal is to reduce regional greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 15% below 2005 levels by 2020. It has previously been recognized that the region's forests can be important carbon sinks and sources, and it has been suggested that the carbon-storage capacity of forests may have economic value. Here, connections between forests and the developing WCI cap-and-trade system design are examined. Qualitative comparative analysis is used to examine characteristics of US states participating in the WCI. Content analysis is used to identify what advocacy groups promote what forest-related WCI cap-and-trade rules. A combination of low per capita GHG emissions, and strong environmental politics, is found to be related to regional climate initiative participation by US states, with important exceptions among WCI participants. Forest industry presence alone does not obviously influence participation. Electric utility and industry groups, including the forestry sector, are found to support an extensive WCI carbon offset system. Forest industry groups are also found to support the carbon neutrality of forest biomass combustion, and oppose regulating forest carbon emissions. Several environmental non-governmental organizations are found to oppose extensive carbon offset use, and oppose the unconditional consideration of biomass combustion as carbon neutral. Forest related aspects of the WCI Design Recommendations of September 2008 are found to largely agree with forest industry advocated policies. Some WCI provisions may provide incentives for forest carbon loss, or weaken the GHG emissions cap. Three recommendations are made: consideration should be given to appropriately discounting forest offset projects to address carbon emissions leakage; forest carbon emissions from land conversion should be accounted for; combustion of forest biomass from old-growth forests should not be considered carbon neutral.
Download or read book Reclaiming the Atmospheric Commons written by Leigh Raymond and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-09-23 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative created a new paradigm in climate policy by requiring polluters to pay for their emissions for the first time. In 2008, a group of states in the northeast United States launched an emissions trading program, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI). With RGGI, these states—Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont—achieved what had been considered politically impossible: they forced polluters to pay the public for their emissions. The states accomplished this by conducting auctions of emissions “allowances”; by 2014, they had raised more than $2.2 billion in revenues. In this first in-depth examination of RGGI, Leigh Raymond describes this revolutionary and influential policy model and explains the practical and theoretical implications for climate policy. Other cap-and-trade schemes had been criticized for providing private profits rather than public benefits, allowing private firms to make money by buying and selling valuable “rights to pollute.” RGGI, by contrast, directed virtually all emissions auction revenues to programs benefiting the public at large. By reframing the issue in terms of public benefits, environmental advocates emphasized the public ownership of the atmospheric commons and private corporations' responsibility to pay for their use of it. Raymond argues that this kind of “normative reframing” is significant not only for environmental policy making but also for theories of the policy process, helping to explain and predict sudden policy change.
Download or read book Cap and Trade The Kyoto Protocol Greenhouse Gas GHG Emissions Carbon Tax Emission Allowances Acid Rain SO2 Program Ozone Transport Commission NOX Carbon Markets and Climate Change written by Jonathan L. Ramseur and published by The Capitol Net Inc. This book was released on with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather written by Dr. Stephen H. Schneider and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 1478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-volume A-to-Z compendium consists of over 300 entries written by a team of leading international scholars and researchers working in the field. Authoritative and up-to-date, the encyclopedia covers the processes that produce our weather, important scientific concepts, the history of ideas underlying the atmospheric sciences, biographical accounts of those who have made significant contributions to climatology and meteorology and particular weather events, from extreme tropical cyclones and tornadoes to local winds.
Download or read book Annual Energy Outlook written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Emissions Trading Schemes and Their Linking written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asia and the Pacific has achieved rapid economic expansion in the recent years and has become a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. With more than half of the world’s population and high rates of economic growth, the region is especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change and therefore must play its part in cutting GHG emissions. The Paris Agreement adopted last December 2015 at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change COP21 aims to restrict global warming to well below 2°C above preindustrial levels and to pursue efforts to reach 1.5°C---which is especially relevant to Asia and the Pacific region given its vulnerability. This knowledge product highlights how robust policies on emissions trading systems (ETS) can be important tools in reducing GHG emissions in a cost-effective manner, as well as supporting the mobilization of finance together with deployment of innovative technologies. There are currently 17 ETSs in place in four continents and account for nearly 40% of global gross domestic product. In Asia and the Pacific region, there are 11 systems operating, with more being planned. The growing wealth of experience on ETSs can be valuable to support DMCs that are planning and designing new systems of their own. This knowledge product summarizes some of the most significant learning experiences to date and discusses some of the solutions to alleviate challenges that have been faced. It also examines the possibilities for future linked carbon markets in the region.
Download or read book Linking Emissions Trading Schemes written by Andreas Tuerk and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2009 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing number of GHG emissions trading schemes are being implemented at regional or national levels. However, even as the number of different schemes grows, few linkages exist between them. Major cap-and-trade proposals are currently at important stages in their development, especially in the United States, Japan and Australia, some of which explicitly emphasize the aim of linking with other schemes. One of the strategic goals of European climate policy is linking the EU ETS with other comparable schemes. The research presented in this volume is on actual economic, political and institutional constraints and implications. It examines the role of linking trading schemes for the development of the post-Kyoto climate architecture and for increasing linkage between schemes. This essential research will be relevant to both the scientific community and for policymakers who are involved in the design of emerging trading schemes and offset mechanisms, as well as in designing the post Kyoto climate regime.This volume focuses specifically on: o Economic, institutional/regulatory and legal dimensions of linkingo Implications of linking on the design of emerging trading schemeso The role of linking trading schemes for the development of the post-Kyoto climate regim
Download or read book Yesler Terrace Redevelopment written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Policy Modeling in the 21st Century written by Hassan Qudrat-Ullah and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The roles and applications of various modeling approaches, aimed at improving the usefulness of energy policy models in public decision making, are covered by this book. The development, validation, and applications of system dynamics and agent-based models in service of energy policy design and assessment in the 21st century is a key focus. A number of modeling approaches and models for energy policy, with a particular focus on low-carbon economic development of regions and states are covered. Chapters on system dynamics methodology, model-based theory, fuzzy system dynamics frame-work, and optimization modeling approach are presented, along with several chapters on future research opportunities for the energy policy modeling community. The use of model-based analysis and scenarios in energy policy design and assessment has seen phenomenal growth during the past several decades. In recent years, renewed concerns about climate change and energy security have posed unique modeling challenges. By utilizing the validation techniques and procedures which are effectively demonstrated in these contributions, researchers and practitioners in energy systems domain can increase the appeal and acceptance of their policy models.
Download or read book Updated economic analysis of the WCI Regional Cap and Trade Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report summarizes the results of an economic analysis conducted by the Partner jurisdictions of the Western Climate Initiative (WCI). It updates the results of a 2008 economic analysis that informed the design of the WCI regional cap-and-trade program, which will reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contributing to climate change, spur development of new clean-energy jobs and technologies, and help achieve a strong economy."--Overview, P. 1.
Download or read book University of Florida Journal of Law and Public Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
