Download or read book Design of Inlet Conditions for High Pressure NOx Measurements in Lean Premixed Combustors written by Jon P. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented at the International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition, Houston, Texas - June 5-8, 1995.
Download or read book Advanced Combustion Systems for Next Generation Gas Turbines written by Joel Haynes and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Next generation turbine power plants will require high efficiency gas turbines with higher pressure ratios and turbine inlet temperatures than currently available. These increases in gas turbine cycle conditions will tend to increase NOx emissions. As the desire for higher efficiency drives pressure ratios and turbine inlet temperatures ever higher, gas turbines equipped with both lean premixed combustors and selective catalytic reduction after treatment eventually will be unable to meet the new emission goals of sub-3 ppm NOx. New gas turbine combustors are needed with lower emissions than the current state-of-the-art lean premixed combustors. In this program an advanced combustion system for the next generation of gas turbines is being developed with the goal of reducing combustor NOx emissions by 50% below the state-of-the-art. Dry Low NOx (DLN) technology is the current leader in NOx emission technology, guaranteeing 9 ppm NOx emissions for heavy duty F class gas turbines. This development program is directed at exploring advanced concepts which hold promise for meeting the low emissions targets. The trapped vortex combustor is an advanced concept in combustor design. It has been studied widely for aircraft engine applications because it has demonstrated the ability to maintain a stable flame over a wide range of fuel flow rates. Additionally, it has shown significantly lower NOx emission than a typical aircraft engine combustor and with low CO at the same time. The rapid CO burnout and low NOx production of this combustor made it a strong candidate for investigation. Incremental improvements to the DLN technology have not brought the dramatic improvements that are targeted in this program. A revolutionary combustor design is being explored because it captures many of the critical features needed to significantly reduce emissions. Experimental measurements of the combustor performance at atmospheric conditions were completed in the first phase of the program. Emissions measurements were obtained over a variety of operating conditions. A kinetics model is formulated to describe the emissions performance. The model is a tool for determining the conditions for low emission performance. The flow field was also modeled using CFD. A first prototype was developed for low emission performance on natural gas. The design utilized the tools anchored to the atmospheric prototype performance. The 1/6 scale combustor was designed for low emission performance in GE's FA+e gas turbine. A second prototype was developed to evaluate changes in the design approach. The prototype was developed at a 1/10 scale for low emission performance in GE's FA+e gas turbine. The performance of the first two prototypes gave a strong indication of the best design approach. Review of the emission results led to the development of a 3rd prototype to further reduce the combustor emissions. The original plan to produce a scaled-up prototype was pushed out beyond the scope of the current program. The 3rd prototype was designed at 1/10 scale and targeted further reductions in the full-speed full-load emissions.
Download or read book ASME Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure Stability and Emissions of Lean Direct Injection Combustion Including a Novel Multi point Ldi System for Nox Reduction written by Rodrigo Villalva Gómez and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental research on lean direct injection (LDI) combustors for gas turbine applications is presented. LDI combustion is an alternative to lean premixed combustion which has the potential of equivalent reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions and of peak combustor exit temperatures, but without some drawbacks of premixed combustors, such as flashback and autoignition. Simultaneous observations of the velocity field and reaction zone of an LDI swirl-stabilized combustor with a mixing tube at atmospheric conditions, with the goal of studying the flame stabilization mechanism, are shown. The flame was consistently anchored at the shear layer formed by the high-speed reactants exiting the mixing tube and the low speed recirculation region. Individual image analysis of the location of the tip of the recirculation zone and tip of the reaction region confirmed previously observed trends, but showed that calculation of the distance between these two points for corresponding image pairs yields results no different than when calculated from random image pairs. This most likely indicates a lag in the anchoring of the flame to changes in the recirculation zone, coupled with significant stochastic variation. An alternate LDI approach, multi-point LDI (MLDI), is also tested experimentally. A single large fuel nozzle is replaced by multiple small fuel nozzles to improve atomization and reduce the total volume of the high-temperature, low velocity recirculation zones, reducing NOx formation. The combustor researched employs a novel staged approach to allow good performance across a wide range of conditions by using a combination of nozzle types optimized to various power settings. The combustor has three independent fuel circuits referenced as pilot, intermediate, and outer. Emissions measurements, OH* chemiluminescence imaging, and thermoacoustic instability studies were run in a pressurized combustion facility at pressures from 2.0 to 5.3 bar.Combustor performance was analyzed for three fuel staging configurations, using local equivalence ratio of the individual circuits as a predictive parameter. Pilot-only mode enabled combustor operation at very low overall equivalence ratios while limiting NOx formation in idle power settings due to its configuration approximating a rich-quench-lean combustor. Pilot and intermediate staging tests demonstrated the range of equivalence ratios that are effective in reducing NOx formation while keeping other pollutants in check; very low equivalence ratio results in high unburned hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide, while very high equivalence ratios result in a detrimental effect as more fuel is routed through the intermediate fuel circuit. Using all three fuel circuits simultaneously in high power operation resulted in very low NOx levels (emissions index at or below 0.5 g/kg), particularly when fuel distribution was such that local equivalence ratio was equal among all circuits. The observed NOx levels compared favorably with other MLDI designs which do not have the operational flexibility of the combustor tested. Thermoacoustic instabilities occurred in the MLDI combustor for some test conditions. The local equivalence ratio of the intermediate fuel circuit was found to be one of the major predictor of the onset of instabilities. Detailed analysis of a two-circuit instability (pilot and intermediate) is presented.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characteristic Time Model Correlation of NOx Emissions from Lean Premixed Combustors written by Donald M. Newburry and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented at the International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition, Houston, Texas - June 5-8, 1995.
Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flame Tube Nox Emissions Using a Lean Direct Wall Injection Combustor Concept written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A low-NOx emissions combustor concept has been demonstrated in flame tube tests. A lean-direct injection concept was used where the fuel is injected directly into the flame zone and the overall fuel-air mixture is lean. In this concept the air is swirled upstream of a venturi section and the fuel is injected radially inward into the air stream from the throat section using a plain-orifice injector. Configurations have two-, four-, or six-wall fuel injectors and in some cases fuel is also injected from an axially located simplex pressure atomizer. Various orifice sizes of the plain-orifice injector were evaluated for the effect on NOx. Test conditions were inlet temperatures up to 8 1 OK, inlet pressures up to 2760 kPa, and flame temperatures up to 2100 K. A correlation is developed relating the NOx emissions to inlet temperature, inlet pressure, fuel-air ratio and pressure drop. Assuming that 15 percent of the combustion air would be used for liner cooling and using an advanced engine cycle, for the best configuration, the NOx emissions using the correlation is estimated to be
Download or read book Synthesis Gas Combustion written by Tim Lieuwen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal, still used to generate more than half of the electric power in the U.S., will likely be part of any future global energy plan. But this finite resource is also responsible for 80 percent of the CO2 emissions from power production, and its continued use will require improved processing techniques that are less damaging to the environment and l
Download or read book Acid Precipitation written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling Control and Optimization of Fuel Air Mixing in a Lean Premixed Swirl Combustor Using Fuel Staging to Reduce Pressure Pulsations and NOx Emissions written by Arnaud Lacarelle and published by Univerlagtuberlin. This book was released on 2011 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NOx Reduction in Gas Turbine Combustors Under Lean premixed Conditions written by Luis Manuel Flamand and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Engineering for Power written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 958 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied mechanics reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
