Download or read book Design of High Performance CMOS Voltage Controlled Oscillators written by Liang Dai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators presents a phase noise modeling framework for CMOS ring oscillators. The analysis considers both linear and nonlinear operation. It indicates that fast rail-to-rail switching has to be achieved to minimize phase noise. Additionally, in conventional design the flicker noise in the bias circuit can potentially dominate the phase noise at low offset frequencies. Therefore, for narrow bandwidth PLLs, noise up conversion for the bias circuits should be minimized. We define the effective Q factor (Qeff) for ring oscillators and predict its increase for CMOS processes with smaller feature sizes. Our phase noise analysis is validated via simulation and measurement results. The digital switching noise coupled through the power supply and substrate is usually the dominant source of clock jitter. Improving the supply and substrate noise immunity of a PLL is a challenging job in hostile environments such as a microprocessor chip where millions of digital gates are present.

Download or read book A Design and Analysis of High Performance Voltage Controlled Oscillators written by Bin Wan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CMOS Voltage current Controlled Oscillator Designs and Applications written by Rohit Yadav and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In advanced short-channel CMOS processes, analog circuit-design poses significant challenges imposed by the low power-supply voltage, and the reduced intrinsic-gain of short channel-effects of CMOS-transistors. However, continued scaling of CMOS devices makes them faster and thus enables the design of high-speed circuits such as oscillators at lower power-levels. Voltage and current-controlled oscillators are essential building blocks for designing Delta-Sigma analog-to-digital converters (ADC) that do not require a sample and hold circuits up front. This research focuses on designing scaling-friendly, linear, low-power CMOS relaxation-oscillators for Delta-Sigma analog to digital conversion. Ring oscillators using an odd number of digital-inverters provide a simple reliable-solution, and thus are popular. So the first approach is to increase the speed (time-resolution) by simply lowering the inverter-gain using the translinear and temperature-invariant voltage-mirror circuits instead of open-loop inverters. Here two scaled-inverters are used to obtain gain exploiting the function and its functional inverse idea to obtain the required loop-gain. Here we are simply trading gain to increase speed at the expense of power. An alternative approach is to use the gyrator circuit to emulate an inductor. Two transconductors with opposite polarity current-output are needed to form a gyrator. Inverting the output-polarity is achieved using a translinear, unity-gain current-mirror achieving stability of the gyrator circuit that uses negative feedback. Using these, an LC -coupled ring-oscillator is emulated. These provide a more robust solution. Process, supply-voltage and temperature (PVT) variations are traditionally minimized by the well-established technique of negative-feedback in circuits using Bandgap reference voltage and passive elements like MIM capacitors. Thus the design of an operational current to frequency converter (OCFC) is proposed. This is inspired by the success of the notion of an operational amplifier (OPAMP) that has a very large gain. It is always configured to trade gain for obtaining linearity using negative- feedback making the feedback network set the precision of the transfer function. The OCFC uses the same idea using a switched-capacitor linear frequency-to-current detector in the feedback path to make the closed-loop tuning-curve linear, having a low temperature-coefficient. The design of a simple linear oscillator based on a traditional multivibrator-circuit is explored for two specific applications. There is a need for a medium-resolution low-speed 10-bit ADC for IOT applications. The other is for a 6-bit converter for high-speed data-communication systems. The idea is to obtain the performance requirements with no need for power-hungry digital-calibration. Manufacturability, and cost are the prime focus here. Finally, an open loop Delta-Sigma modulator designed using pseudo-differential ring oscillators is explored for low bandwidth and medium resolution analog-to-digital conversion applications. It employs a nonlinearity cancellation technique in the voltage-to-current (V/I) converter to improve resolution. Most of the circuit can be synthesized using digital toolchain except for the front-end V/I converter to reduce turn-around time. All the circuits presented in this thesis are verified at multiple process nodes ranging from 180nm to 22nm. The simulation-results presented here are mostly using the models for the 180nm TSMC process

Download or read book Low Power VCO Design in CMOS written by Marc Tiebout and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-25 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work covers the design of CMOS fully integrated low power low phase noise voltage controlled oscillators for telecommunication or datacommuni- tion systems. The need for low power is obvious, as mobile wireless telecommunications are battery operated. As wireless telecommunication systems use oscillators in frequency synthesizers for frequency translation, the selectivity and signal to noise ratio of receivers and transmitters depend heavily on the low phase noise performance of the implemented oscillators. Datacommunication s- tems need low jitter, the time-domain equivalent of low phase noise, clocks for data detection and recovery. The power consumption is less critical. The need for multi-band and multi-mode systems pushes the high-integration of telecommunication systems. This is o?ered by sub-micron CMOS feat- ing digital ?exibility. The recent crisis in telecommunication clearly shows that mobile hand-sets became mass-market high-volume consumer products, where low-cost is of prime importance. This need for low-cost products - livens tremendously research towards CMOS alternatives for the bipolar or BiCMOS solutions in use today.

Download or read book LC tank CMOS Voltage controlled Oscillators Using High Quality Inductor Embedded in Advanced Packaging Technologies written by Sangwoong Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on high-performance LC-tank CMOS VCO design at 2 GHz. The high-Q inductors are realized using wiring metal lines in advanced packages. Those inductors are used in the resonator of the VCO to achieve low phase noise, low power consumption, and a wide frequency tuning range. In this dissertation, a fine-pitch ball-grid array (FBGA) package, a multichip module (MCM)-L package, and a wafer-level package (WLP) are incorporated to realize the high-Q inductor. The Q-factors of inductors embedded in packages are compared to those of inductors monolithically integrated on Si and GaAs substrates. All the inductors are modeled with a physical, simple, equivalent two-port model for the VCO design as well as for phase noise analysis. The losses in an LC-tank are analyzed from the phase noise perspective. For the implementation of VCOs, the effects of the interconnection between the embedded inductor and the VCO circuit are investigated. The VCO using the on-chip inductors is designed as a reference. The performance of VCOs using the embedded inductor in a FBGA and a WLP is compared with that of a VCO using the on-chip inductor. The VCO design is optimized from the high-Q perspective to enhance performance. Through this optimization, less phase noise, lower power consumption, and a wider frequency tuning range are obtained simultaneously.

Download or read book Modular Low Power High Speed CMOS Analog to Digital Converter of Embedded Systems written by Keh-La Lin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-14 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main trends of microelectronics is toward design for integrated systems, i.e., system-on-a-chip (SoC) or system-on-silicon (SoS). Due to this development, design techniques for mixed-signal circuits become more important than before. Among other devices, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters are the two bridges between the analog and the digital worlds. Besides, low-power design technique is one of the main issues for embedded systems, especially for hand-held applications. Modular Low-Power, High-Speed CMOS Analog-to-Digital Converter for Embedded Systems aims at design techniques for low-power, high-speed analog-to-digital converter processed by the standard CMOS technology. Additionally this book covers physical integration issues of A/D converter integrated in SoC, i.e., substrate crosstalk and reference voltage network design.

Download or read book Static and Dynamic Performance Limitations for High Speed D A Converters written by Anne van den Bosch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Static and Dynamic Performance Limitations for High Speed D/A Converters discusses the design and implementation of high speed current-steering CMOS digital-to-analog converters. Starting from the definition of the basic specifications for a D/A converter, the elements determining the static and dynamic performance are identified. Different guidelines based on scientific derivations are suggested to optimize this performance. Furthermore, a new closed formula has been derived to account for the influence of the transistor mismatch on the achievable resolution of the current-steering D/A converter. To allow a thorough understanding of the dynamic behavior, a new factor has been introduced. Moreover, the frequency dependency of the output impedance introduces harmonic distortion components which can limit the maximum attainable spurious free dynamic range. Finally, the last part of the book gives an overview on different existing transistor mismatch models and the link with the static performance of the D/A converter.

Download or read book Microelectronics Electromagnetics and Telecommunications written by Ganapati Panda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book discusses the latest developments and outlines future trends in the fields of microelectronics, electromagnetics and telecommunication. It contains original research works presented at the International Conference on Microelectronics, Electromagnetics and Telecommunication (ICMEET 2018), organised by GVP College of Engineering (A), Andhra Pradesh, India. The respective papers were written by scientists, research scholars and practitioners from leading universities, engineering colleges and R&D institutes from all over the world, and share the latest breakthroughs in and promising solutions to the most important issues facing today’s society.

Download or read book Transformer Based Design Techniques for Oscillators and Frequency Dividers written by Howard Cam Luong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-07 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth coverage of transformer-based design techniques that enable CMOS oscillators and frequency dividers to achieve state-of-the-art performance. Design, optimization, and measured performance of oscillators and frequency dividers for different applications are discussed in detail, focusing on not only ultra-low supply voltage but also ultra-wide frequency tuning range and locking range. This book will be an invaluable reference for anyone working or interested in CMOS radio-frequency or mm-Wave integrated circuits and systems.

Download or read book CMOS PLL Synthesizers Analysis and Design written by Keliu Shu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-20 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to the advance of semiconductor and communication technology, the wireless communication market has been booming in the last two decades. It evolved from simple pagers to emerging third-generation (3G) cellular phones. In the meanwhile, broadband communication market has also gained a rapid growth. As the market always demands hi- performance and low-cost products, circuit designers are seeking hi- integration communication devices in cheap CMOS technology. The phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer is a critical component in communication devices. It works as a local oscillator for frequency translation and channel selection in wireless transceivers and broadband cable tuners. It also plays an important role as the clock synthesizer for data converters in the analog-and-digital signal interface. This book covers the design and analysis of PLL synthesizers. It includes both fundamentals and a review of the state-of-the-art techniques. The transient analysis of the third-order charge-pump PLL reveals its locking behavior accurately. The behavioral-level simulation of PLL further clarifies its stability limit. Design examples are given to clearly illustrate the design procedure of PLL synthesizers. A complete derivation of reference spurs in the charge-pump PLL is also presented in this book. The in-depth investigation of the digital CA modulator for fractional-N synthesizers provides insightful design guidelines for this important block.

Download or read book LNA ESD Co Design for Fully Integrated CMOS Wireless Receivers written by Paul Leroux and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LNA-ESD Co-Design for Fully Integrated CMOS Wireless Receivers fits in the quest for complete CMOS integration of wireless receiver front-ends. With a combined discussion of both RF and ESD performance, it tackles one of the final obstacles on the road to CMOS integration. The book is conceived as a design guide for those actively involved in the design of CMOS wireless receivers. The book starts with a comprehensive introduction to the performance requirements of low-noise amplifiers in wireless receivers. Several popular topologies are explained and compared with respect to future technology and frequency scaling. The ESD requirements are introduced and related to the state-of-the-art protection devices and circuits. LNA-ESD Co-Design for Fully Integrated CMOS Wireless Receivers provides an extensive theoretical treatment of the performance of CMOS low-noise amplifiers in the presence of ESD-protection circuitry. The influence of the ESD-protection parasitics on noise figure, gain, linearity, and matching are investigated. Several RF-ESD co-design solutions are discussed allowing both high RF-performance and good ESD-immunity for frequencies up to and beyond 5 GHz. Special attention is also paid to the layout of both active and passive components. LNA-ESD Co-Design for Fully Integrated CMOS Wireless Receivers offers the reader intuitive insight in the LNA’s behavior, as well as the necessary mathematical background to optimize its performance. All material is experimentally verified with several CMOS implementations, among which a fully integrated GPS receiver front-end. The book is essential reading for RF design engineers and researchers in the field and is also suitable as a text book for an advanced course on the subject.

Download or read book High speed Optical Transceivers Integrated Circuits Designs And Optical Devices Techniques written by Yuyu Liu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006-03-09 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the unique advantages and large inherent transmission capacity of optical fiber communication systems. The long-term and high-risk research challenges of optical transceivers are analyzed with a view to sustaining the seemingly insatiable demand for bandwidth. A broad coverage of topics relating to the design of high-speed optical devices and integrated circuits, oriented to low power, low cost, and small area, is discussed.Written by specialists with many years of research and engineering experience in the field of optical fiber communication, this book is essential for an audience dedicated to the development of integrated electronic systems for optical communication applications. It can also be used as a supplementary text for graduate courses on optical transceiver IC design.

Download or read book Systematic Design of Sigma Delta Analog to Digital Converters written by Ovidiu Bajdechi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-04-30 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematic Design of Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital Converters describes the issues related to the sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) design in a systematic manner: from the top level of abstraction represented by the filters defining signal and noise transfer functions (STF, NTF), passing through the architecture level where topology-related performance is calculated and simulated, and finally down to parameters of circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, and amplifier transconductances used in individual integrators. The systematic approach allows the evaluation of different loop filters (order, aggressiveness, discrete-time or continuous-time implementation) with quantizers varying in resolution. Topologies explored range from simple single loops to multiple cascaded loops with complex structures including more feedbacks and feedforwards. For differential circuits, with switched-capacitor integrators for discrete-time (DT) loop filters and active-RC for continuous-time (CT) ones, the passive integrator components are calculated and the power consumption is estimated, based on top-level requirements like harmonic distortion and noise budget. This unified, systematic approach to choosing the best sigma-delta ADC implementation for a given design target yields an interesting solution for a high-resolution, broadband (DSL-like) ADC operated at low oversampling ratio, which is detailed down to transistor-level schematics. The target audience of Systematic Design of Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital Converters are engineers designing sigma-delta ADCs and/or switched-capacitor and continuous-time filters, both beginners and experienced. It is also intended for students/academics involved in sigma-delta and analog CAD research.

Download or read book High Frequency Oscillator Design for Integrated Transceivers written by Johan van der Tang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-09-30 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-Frequency Oscillator Design for Integrated Transceivers covers the analysis and design of all high-frequency oscillators required to realize integrated transceivers for wireless and wired applications. This includes the design of oscillator types as single-phase LC oscillators, I/Q LC oscillators, multi-phase LC oscillators, and ring oscillators in various IC technologies such as bipolar, BiCMOS, CMOS, and SOI (silicon on insulator). Starting from an in depth review of basic oscillator theory, the authors discuss key oscillator specifications, numerous oscillator circuit topologies, and introduce the concepts of design figures of merit (FOMs) and benchmark FOMs, which assist the oscillator designer during the overall design cycle. Taking advantage of behavioral modeling, the elementary properties of LC oscillators and ring oscillators are analyzed first. A detailed analysis of oscillator properties at circuit level follows taking parasitic elements and other practical aspects of integrated oscillator design into account. Special attention is given to advantages and limitations of linear time invariant (LTI) phase noise modeling, leading to the concept of optimum coupling in I/Q LC oscillators and a simulation method for fast and efficient phase noise optimization in oscillators. In addition, all modern linear time variant (LTV) phase noise theories are covered. As not only phase noise is of high importance to the designer, but optimization of other oscillator properties as well, additional subjects such as various tuning methods of LC oscillators are analyzed, too. Design examples of integrated LC and ring oscillators in the frequency range of 100 MHz up to 11 GHz are thoroughly discussed throughout the book. The clear and structured discussion of basic oscillator properties make High-Frequency Oscillator Design for Integrated Transceivers an excellent starting point for the inexperienced oscillator designer. The detailed analysis of many oscillator types and circuit topologies, the discussion of numerous practical design issues together with fast optimization methods, and more than 200 carefully selected literature references on oscillator literature, LC oscillator and ring oscillator designs make this book a very valuable resource for the experienced IC designer as well.

Download or read book Systematic Modeling and Analysis of Telecom Frontends and their Building Blocks written by Piet Vanassche and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-10-24 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To meet the demands of today's highly competitive market, analog electronics designers must develop their IC designs in a minimum of time. The difference between first- and second-time right seriously affects a company's share of the market. Analog designers are therefore in need for structured design methods together with the theory and tools to support them, especially when pushing the performance limits in high-performance designs. Systematic Modeling and Analysis of Telecom Frontends and Their Building Blocks aims to help designers in speeding up telecommunication frontend design by offering an in-depth understanding of the frontend's behavior together with methods and algorithms that support designers in bringing this understanding to practice. The book treats topics such as time-varying phase-locked loop stability, noise in mixing circuits, oscillator injection locking, oscillator phase noise behavior, harmonic oscillator dynamics and many more. In doing so, it always starts from a theoretical foundation that is both rigorous and general. Phase-locked loop and mixer analysis, for example, are grounded upon a general framework for time-varying small-signal analysis. Likewise, analysis of harmonic oscillator transient behavior and oscillator phase noise analysis are treated as particular applications of a general framework for oscillator perturbation analysis. In order to make the book as easy to read as possible, all theory is always accompanied by numerous examples and easy-to-catch intuitive explanations. As such, the book is suited for both computer-aided design engineers looking for general theories and methods, either as background material or for practical implementation in tools, as well as for practicing circuit designers looking for help and insight in dealing with a particular application or a particular high-performance design problem.

Download or read book Wideband Low Noise Amplifiers Exploiting Thermal Noise Cancellation written by Federico Bruccoleri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) are commonly used to amplify signals that are too weak for direct processing for example in radio or cable receivers. Traditionally, low noise amplifiers are implemented via tuned amplifiers, exploiting inductors and capacitors in resonating LC-circuits. This can render very low noise but only in a relatively narrow frequency band close to resonance. There is a clear trend to use more bandwidth for communication, both via cables (e.g. cable TV, internet) and wireless links (e.g. satellite links and Ultra Wideband Band). Hence wideband low-noise amplifier techniques are very much needed. Wideband Low Noise Amplifiers Exploiting Thermal Noise Cancellation explores techniques to realize wideband amplifiers, capable of impedance matching and still achieving a low noise figure well below 3dB. This can be achieved with a new noise cancelling technique as described in this book. By using this technique, the thermal noise of the input transistor of the LNA can be cancelled while the wanted signal is amplified! The book gives a detailed analysis of this technique and presents several new amplifier circuits. This book is directly relevant for IC designers and researchers working on integrated transceivers. Although the focus is on CMOS circuits, the techniques can just as well be applied to other IC technologies, e.g. bipolar and GaAs, and even in discrete component technologies.

Download or read book Operational Amplifier Speed and Accuracy Improvement written by Vadim V. Ivanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-30 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operational Amplifier Speed and Accuracy Improvement proposes a new methodology for the design of analog integrated circuits. The usefulness of this methodology is demonstrated through the design of an operational amplifier. This methodology consists of the following iterative steps: description of the circuit functionality at a high level of abstraction using signal flow graphs; equivalent transformations and modifications of the graph to the form where all important parameters are controlled by dedicated feedback loops; and implementation of the structure using a library of elementary cells. Operational Amplifier Speed and Accuracy Improvement shows how to choose structures and design circuits which improve an operational amplifier's important parameters such as speed to power ratio, open loop gain, common-mode voltage rejection ratio, and power supply rejection ratio. The same approach is used to design clamps and limiting circuits which improve the performance of the amplifier outside of its linear operating region, such as slew rate enhancement, output short circuit current limitation, and input overload recovery.