Download or read book Design of High Explosive Pulsed Power Systems for 20 MB Isentropic Compression Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recent Progress with High Explosive Pulsed Power Isentropic Compression Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Explosive Pulsed Power written by Larry L. Altgilbers and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explosive pulsed power generators are devices that either convert the chemical energy stored in explosives into electrical energy or use the shock waves generated by explosives to release energy stored in ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials. The objective of this book is to acquaint the reader with the principles of operation of explosive generators and to provide details on how to design, build, and test three types of generators: flux compression, ferroelectric, and ferromagnetic generators, which are the most developed and the most near term for practical applications. Containing a considerable amount of new experimental data that has been collected by the authors, this is the first book that treats all three types of explosive pulsed power generators. In addition, there is a brief introduction to a fourth type ix explosive generator called a moving magnet generator. As practical applications for these generators evolve, students, scientists, and engineers will have access to the results of a considerable body of experience gained by almost 10 years of intense research and development by the authors.

Download or read book Design of a Miniature Explosive Isentropic Compression Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this design study is to adapt the High Explosive Pulsed Power Isentropic Compression Experiment (HEPP-ICE) to milligram quantities of materials at stresses of ≈100 GPa. For this miniature application we assume that a parallel plate stripline of ≈2.5 mm width is needed to compress the samples. In any parallel plate load, the rising currents flow preferentially along the outside edges of the load where the specific impedance is a minimum [1]. Therefore, the peak current must be between 1 and 2 MA to reach a stress of 100 GPa in the center of a 2.5 mm wide parallel plate load; these are small relative to typical HEPP-ICE currents. We show that a capacitor bank alone exceeds the requirements of this miniature ICE experiment and a flux compression generator (FCG) is not necessary. The proposed circuit will comprise one half of the 2.4-MJ bank, i.e., the 6-mF, 20-kV, 1.2 MJ capacitor bank used in the original HEPP-ICE circuit. Explosive opening and closing switches will still be required because the rise time of the capacitor circuit would be of the order of 30 [mu]s without them. For isentropic loading in these small samples, stress rise times of ≈200 ns are required.

Download or read book Results of Explosively driven Isentropic Compression Experiments HEPP ICE written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the Los Alamos high explosive pulsed power (HEPP) system, isentropic equation of state (EOS) data may be obtained for a wide range of materials. Current pulses with risetimes of (almost equal to)500 ns and current densities exceeding 400 MA/m, create continuous magnetic loading of samples at megabar pressures. We will summarize the technique and the problems that had to be overcome to perform the HEPP-ICE experiments at these pressures. We will then present our EOS results obtained with the conventional Lagrangian analysis and the Hayes 'Backward' integration method, and compare the data with the published principal isentrope of OFHC copper.

Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter 2007 written by Mark Elert and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Isentropic Compression of Metals at Multi megabar Pressures Using High Explosive Pulsed Power written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate, ultra-high pressure isentropic equation of state (EOS) data, are required for a variety of applications and materials. Asay reported a new method to obtain these data using pulsed magnetic loading on the Sandia Z-machine. Fast rising current pulses (risetimes from 100 to 30011s) at current densities exceeding many MNcm, create continuous magnetic loading up to a few Mbar. As part of a collaborative effort between the Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories we are adapting our high explosive pulsed power (HEPP) methods to obtain isentropic EOS data with the Asay technique. This year we plan to obtain isentropic EOS data for copper and tantalum at pressures up to -2 Mbar; eventually we hope to reach several tens of Mbar. We will describe the design of the HEPP systems and show out attempts to obtain EOS data to date.

Download or read book Design Considerations for 100 MJ Class Flux Compression Pulse Power Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the cost of high performance, capacitor-discharge, pulse power systems continuing around $1--2 per joule and with energy requirements for experiments such as fast compression of magnetized plasmas ranging to 100 MJ and beyond, the need for economical, super-energy pulse power systems is being recognized. Explosively powered flux compressors, capable of delivering 100 MJ to a plasma physics experiment, can be designed, fabricated, and fielded at costs of less than $0.01J per shot. While less economical than laboratory pulsed power systems, if system life exceeds a few hundred full-energy shots, explosive pulse power techniques allow initial experiments to be performed quickly and economically at energies that are prohibitively costly, and hence unavailable, using conventional techniques. A variety of configurations for flux compressors suitable for 100-MJ operation can be considered. Among these, the disk configuration, pioneered by researchers at the All Russian Institute of Experimental Physics has demonstrated both high current and high energy capabilities.

Download or read book Five to Ten MA Experiments Using Flat Plate Explosive Generators written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High explosive pulsed power (HEPP) techniques can address a wide range of pulsed power needs. The basis for HEPP techniques is the use of high explosives to reduce the inductance of a current-carrying circuit, thus multiplying the current due to magnetic flux conservation. For the past twenty years at Los Alamos, our high energy density physics (HEDP) program has followed a path leading to more sophisticated and higher current (and often power) systems. Twenty years ago, we had the capability of conducting tests at 10, or even 30 MA, with no power conditioning and low inductance loads. The time scale of the experiment was the time it took to compress the flux explosively, and our fastest generator with high current capability was a plate generator. The operating time of the generator is less than 15 [mu]s, and flux loading requires either an additional ≈60 [mu]s or a reduced-efficiency inductive coupling scheme. We could also deliver shortened pulses to select loads by completing our generator circuit, initially, with a relatively high inductance circuit element, then switching in a lower inductance with 2-3 [mu]s left of the generator pulse. Figure 1 shows the results of such a test. The test was conducted in 1974 to investigate our capability to drive plasma z-pinch experiments for the production of soft x-rays, and was a pulsed power success. However, our understanding of vacuum power flow issues was not mature enough at that time to design a functioning plasma z-pinch load. There was a renewed need for such a system in 1980, and at that time we began assembling a complete set of techniques required for success. We first fielded a baseline test using a simplified version of the HEPP system that generated the Figure 1 data. Subsequent tests followed a 'bite size' philosophy. That is, we first designed a complete system for a level of complexity at which we believed success could be achieved. We conducted tests of that system, and once it was working in all respects, we designed the next generation system. The ultimate goal of this process was to develop a source of ≈1 MJ of soft x-rays. The process culminated, after the development of two intermediate level systems, with the development of the Procyon system. This system produced x-ray pulses of up to 1.7 MJ at temperatures up to 97 eV. Following those experiments, our attention turned to powering solid-density z-pinch liners, requiring even higher current systems. At Los Alamos, we developed the Ranchero system for that purpose, and we have collaborated with HEPP experts in Russia to power similar liner loads using disk generator systems. Our Ranchero system includes a module tested at ≈50 MA, that should operate easily at 70-90 MA. We designed Ranchero to allow modules arrayed in parallel to generate currents over 200 MA, and we are confident that we can do experiments now at 50-200 MA in the same way that we could do tests at 10-30 MA with plate generators 20 years ago. We have recently stepped back from our quest for higher energy and power systems to consider what applications we can address using relatively low cost plate generators coupled with advances achieved in our HEDP system development. We will describe relevant HEPP components, and discuss two promising applications.

Download or read book The VELOCE Pulsed Power Generator for Isentropic Compression Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Veloce is a medium-voltage, high-current, compact pulsed power generator developed for isentropic and shock compression experiments. Because of its increased availability and ease of operation, Veloce is well suited for studying isentropic compression experiments (ICE) in much greater detail than previously allowed with larger pulsed power machines such as the Z accelerator. Since the compact pulsed power technology used for dynamic material experiments has not been previously used, it is necessary to examine several key issues to ensure that accurate results are obtained. In the present experiments, issues such as panel and sample preparation, uniformity of loading, and edge effects were extensively examined. In addition, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations using the ALEGRA code were performed to interpret the experimental results and to design improved sample/panel configurations. Examples of recent ICE studies on aluminum are presented.

Download or read book Pulsed Power Driver for Isentropic Compression Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Zababakhin Scientific Talks 2005 written by Evgeniy N. Avrorin and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2006-08-10 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference highlights recent achievements in high energy density physics. Topics included are: shock waves and high intensive processes; convergent flows and collapsing cavities; high explosives; detonation and explosion phenomena (chemical and thermonuclear); thermodynamic and transport properties of matter (experiments and theory); dense plasma properties; intensive electromagnetic processes; pulsed electric currents and strong magnetic fields; lasers and particle beams and their interaction with matter; hydrodynamic instability and turbulent mixing; as well as mathematical models.

Download or read book Design of an Explosive Pulsed Power System for Driving 16 MA Plasma Flow Switch Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have described a system that uses a MK-IX helical generator to deliver 11 MA to a 140-nH pulse compression circuit. The purpose of that system is to drive a plasma z-pinch experiment. 11 refs., 5 figs.

Download or read book Review of the Procyon Explosive Pulsed Power System written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Procyon explosive pulsed power system is designed for powering plasma z-pinch experiments. It begins with a helical explosive-driven magnetic flux compression generator (MCG) for amplifying seed current from a capacitor bank into a storage inductor. One conductor element of the storage inductor is an explosively formed fuse (EFF) opening switch tailored to divert current to a plasma flow switch (PFS) in less than 3 [mu]s. The PFS, in turn, delivers current to a z-pinch load. Experiments to date have concentrated on the explosive pulsed power components and PFS. This paper focuses on the results of a recent full energy MCG/EFF/PFS test.

Download or read book A Review of U S High Explosive Pulsed Power Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High explosive pulsed power (HEPP) is a specialized subset among pulsed power endeavors which takes advantage of the very high energy density available in both magnetic fields and high explosives (HE). To introduce basic concepts, the author divides HEPP components into generators (magnetic field (B) or current (I)) and switches. Magnetic field and current generators start with magnetic field trapped in a conducting volume. Magnetic flux can be expressed as either LI or BA, where L and A (inductance and cross sectional area) are both geometry dependent circuit properties. In a purely inductive circuit, flux is conserved, so L1I1=L2I2 or B1A1=B2A2. In the technique, HE is used to propel circuit elements that perform work against the trapped magnetic field as L or A is reduced, yielding increased I or B. Throughout this paper, the author uses the term flux compression generator (FCG) for these devices, although the reader will find a variety of acronyms in the literature. A good primer on FCG's is by Fowler et al. HE is also used to provide opening and closing switches for HEPP circuits. Closing switches do not require great sophistication, and they don't discuss them here. Opening switches typically use the energy of HE to rapidly reduce the current carrying cross section of a particular circuit element, and often require sophisticated detonation systems to match the contour of that element (e. g. cylindrical). This may either cause a direct increase in resistance or create the circumstance in which the remainder of the material fuses due to ohmic effects. Many good papers on explosive-driven opening switches can be found in previous Megagauss conference proceedings, and these are also a good source for information regarding HEPP endeavors outside the US, which is beyond the scope of this paper.

Download or read book Explosive Pulsed Power System for New Radiation Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High explosive pulsed power (HEPP) systems are capable of accessing very high energy densities and can reach conditions that are not possible with capacitor bank systems. The Procyon system was developed and used for experiments over a period of six years, and is exemplary of the capabilities of HEPP systems for state-of-the-art research. In this paper we will summarize some of the more interesting aspects of the work done in the past but will suggest ideas toward applications for future research. One of the main, unique features of HEPP systems is that they integrate easily to a particular physics experiment and the power flow can be optimized for a specific test. Magnetic flux compression generators have been an ideal power source for both high current plasma physics and hydrodynamic experimental loads. These experiments have contributed greatly to the understanding of high temperature and density plasmas and more recently to the understanding of instability growth in thick ((almost equal to)1 mm) imploding metal cylinders. Common to all these experiments is the application of a large current pulse to a cylindrically symmetric load. The resulting Lorenz force compresses the load to produce hydrodynamic motion and/or high temperature, high density plasma. In the plasma physics experiments, plasma thermalizes on axis and a black body distribution of x-rays is produced. To get better access to the radiation pulse, the load electrode geometry was modified. For example, by shaping the plasma implosion glide planes, a mass depletion region was formed along one electrode at pinch time which generated a very large voltage drop across a 1-2 mm segment of the pinch, and also produced a high energy ion beam on axis. These results were predicted by magneto-hydro-dynamic (MHD) codes and verified with framing camera and x-ray, pinhole, camera pictures. We have not previously published these features but will take another look and propose possible scenarios for studying and generating high intensity ion beams. The conditions generated in the implosion load region may be ideal for generating K and L-shell radiation via ion-atom collisions. In recent years, and in a previous conference, the simulation community has shown interest for Ar K-shell radiation and other soft x-ray sources. We will speculate on ways to use this system to generate a high fluence pulse of Ar K-shell radiation, and also to use the high intensity ion beam to study the mechanisms involved in the ion-atom collisions process. These processes can be used to enhance x-ray radiation from a variety of elements.

Download or read book Capabilities for High Explosive Pulsed Power Research at Los Alamos National Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on topics requiring high magnetic fields and high currents have been pursued using high explosive pulsed power (HEPP) techniques since the 1950s at Los Alamos National Laboratory. We have developed many sophisticated HEPr systems through the years, and most of them depend on technology available from the nuclear weapons program. Through the 1980s and 1990s, our budgets would sustain parallel efforts in zpinch research using both HEPr and capacitor banks. In recent years, many changes have occurred that are driven by concerns such as safety, security, and environment, as well as reduced budgets and downsizing of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) complex due to the end of the cold war era. In this paper, we review the teclmiques developed to date, and adaptations that are driven by changes in budgets and our changing complex. One new Ranchero-based solid liner z-pinch experimental design is also presented. Explosives that are cast to shape instead of being machined, and initiation systems that depend on arrays of slapper detonators are important new tools. Some materials that are seen as hazardous to the environment are avoided in designs. The process continues to allow a wide range of research however, and there are few, if any, experiments that we have done in the past that could not be perform today. The HErr firing facility at Los Alamos continues to have a 2000 lb. high explosive limit, and our 2.4 MJ capacitor bank remains a mainstay of the effort. Modem diagnostic and data analysis capabilities allow fewer personnel to achieve better results, and in the broad sense we continue to have a robust capability.