Download or read book Design of an Ankle Prosthesis for Two degree of freedom Motion in the Sagittal and Coronal Planes written by Colin Elley and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to get up and walk from one place to another under one's own power epitomizes a level of independence and the perception of a good quality of life. Loss of this ability can directly affect one's level of physical fitness and thus critically affect health and well-being. This ability to independently walk can be lost due to many causes including lower leg amputation. This leads to the need for an ankle prosthesis to aid the user in performing gait. Most current commercial ankle prostheses available for below-knee amputees allow for (limited) dorsiflexion and plantarflexion at the ankle. Therefore, the primary objective of this project was to develop an ankle prosthesis which can passively accommodate two degrees of freedom: motion in the sagittal plane (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion) and motion in the coronal plane (inversion and eversion). Two design iterations were done to accomplish this goal. The second design or Design 2 utilizes three torsion springs to passively allow for bi-planar motion in the sagittal and coronal planes. The range of motion for the ankle prosthesis was based on the range of motion of the ankle during normal gait and also accounts for the maximum grade and cross-slope of rural local streets. The Design 2 ankle prosthesis offers slight variability for motion in the sagittal plane by varying the stiffness of the ankle prosthesis for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. With the exception of the latter part of the pre-swing phase, the theoretical behavior of the ankle prosthesis qualitatively replicates that of natural ankle motion in the sagittal plane found in literature. It also provides sufficient lateral stability during normal gait. The ankle prosthesis which was designed for this project can passively accommodate motion in both the sagittal and coronal planes as well as provide some degree of "push-off" during normal gait.

Download or read book Design and Control of a Two Degree of Freedom Powered Ankle foot Prosthesis written by Tsung-Han Hsieh (S.M.) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Powered ankle prostheses have been proven to improve the walking economy of transtibial amputees although these powered systems are usually much heavier in weight than conventional prostheses. All commercial powered ankle prostheses that are currently available can only perform one-degree-of-freedom motion in a limited range. However, the human ankle can perform both frontal and sagittal plane motions. Studies have shown that the frontal plane motion during ambulation is associated with balancing. As more advanced neural interfaces have become available for amputees, it is possible to fully recover ankle function by combining neural signals and a robotic ankle. Accordingly, there is a need for a powered ankle prosthesis that can have active control on not only plantarflexion and dorsiflexion but also eversion and inversion. The objective of this thesis is to design and evaluate a two-degree-of-freedom powered ankle-foot prosthesis that is untethered and can support an average size human for level-ground walking with full power. At present, a system with such capabilities only exists as tethered. The prosthesis presented in this thesis is a second-iteration design based on its predecessor. The new design features a larger joint range of motion, a more robust transmission, and a more powerful battery module. Benchtop tests and walking trials were conducted to evaluate the system. The results demonstrate system characteristics and dynamics and the ability to support body weight in level-ground walking.

Download or read book Wear Prediction on Total Ankle Replacement written by Amir Putra Bin Md Saad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-13 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops and analyses computational wear simulations of the total ankle replacement for the stance phase of gait cycle. The emphasis is put on the relevant design parameters. The book presents a model consisting of three components; tibial, bearing and talar representing their physiological functions.

Download or read book Aspect of Active Lower Limb Prosthesis Design written by Salman Harun Shaikh and published by Independent Author. This book was released on 2022-11-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prosthesis are artificial replacements for body parts that have been lost due to injury or illness. They play a crucial role in rehabilitation of the amputees. This is important not just in terms of regaining mobility, but it also helps an amputee in various aspects, like regaining his self-confidence, being independent, retaining a job for livelihood, and boosting him mentally to live a normal life within the society [1 ][2]. Designing a prosthesis varies in various aspects and some of the design considerations are the need, applications, material, cost, mobility etc. For limb prosthesis, understanding the anatomy and human body biomechanics is the first step of design, which is presented below. It can be seen from Figure 1 that the movement oflower limb during normal gait occurs in the in the sagittal plane and the transverse plane lies parallel to ground. Figure 2 shows the various planes for the movement of the knee and the hip joint. The joint angles (knee and ankle joint) are thus measured with reference to sagittal plane. There is a little movement of the hip joint in the coronal plane during the normal gait cycle. This research work uses "flexion" and "extension" movement of stump as primary factor to develop one of the feedback control for electronic knee prosthesis.

Download or read book Controlled Coronal Stiffness Prosthetic Ankle for Improving Balance on Uneven Terrain written by Jeffrey J. Gorges and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For lower limb amputees, quality of life is directly related to the functionality of their prosthetic devices. Uneven terrain can cause significant disturbances to an individual's gait. Disturbances with significant inversion or eversion are more likely to cause imbalance than sagittal plane disturbances, yet currently marketed devices do not have controlled methods for reacting in the coronal plane. The objective of this project was to develop a prosthetic ankle that is capable of changing stiffness characteristics in the coronal plane with the objective of creating a more stable support for amputees. This device will be used in further research to characterize kinematics in the coronal plane and develop strategies of improving amputee balance while traversing uneven terrain. Methods A prosthetic ankle was designed, built and tested that is capable of controlling the rotational stiffness of the ankle for inversion and eversion. The effective length of two cantilever beam springs can be changed by a motor controlled through a battery powered on-board computer. A series of bench tests and human subject tests were performed to test the functionality of the device including stiffness characterization, comparison to available commercial devices, motor control characteristics, human subject standing balance center of pressure tracking, and walking on an inverted and everted plane. Characterization of the device and stiffness properties showed that over a series of springs it was capable of developing a range of rotational stiffness values from 23 Nm/rad to 510 Nm/rad. When placed in series with a stiff commercial foot, one particular set of springs proved to have a greater range of stiffness than that covered by a series of commercial feet. Human subject testing demonstrated methods and metrics that could be used to evaluate optimal stiffness values and profiles. Motor tests showed that the drive system did not perform well enough to quickly change stiffness values while fully weighted on an inverted or everted surface.The range of stiffness characteristics over which the device is capable has proven to be sufficient. However, the drive system for dynamically changing the stiffness throughout the gait cycle requires a few design changes. The device has proven to be capable of testing the effects of amputee balance and kinematics while walking on uneven terrain. Further use of this device for research will help to develop the optimal coronal stiffness characteristics and controls for improved prosthetic ankles.

Download or read book Preliminary Design Approach for Prosthetic Ankle Joints Using Compliant Mechanisms written by Jason Wiersdorf and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to develop design approaches and models for prosthetic ankle joints using kinematic models of the human ankle and compliant mechanisms technology. Compliant mechanisms offer several potential design advantages over traditional rigid-body designs including high reliability and low cost. These design advantages are ideal for use in prosthetics. Some prosthetic ankle/foot systems currently on the market have multiple degrees of freedom yet are expensive. Additionally, even though these systems have multiple degrees of freedom, none of them are designed after the actual movements of the biological ankle. In this thesis a two, single degree-of-freedom hinge joint model, which is a kinematic model based on the biological ankle during walking, is used to develop compliant prosthetic ankle joints. The use of the model together with compliant mechanisms may provide the ability to develop highly functional prosthetic ankle joints at a lower cost than current high-performance prosthetic systems. Finally, a design approach for ankles may facilitate future development for knees, hips or other biological joints.

Download or read book Development and Application of Semi active Prosthetic Foot ankle Systems written by Kieran Kieran Nichols and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a need for improved design and function of prosthetic devices to aid walking in persons with transtibial amputations. This dissertation focused on two semi-active ankle-foot prosthetic devices, the Variable Stiffness Foot (VSF) and Two Axis aDaptable Ankle (TADA), which allow users to change biomechanical ankle-foot functions using simpler designs, lower costs, and less power than active prostheses. The background for this dissertation explored the main lower-limb biomechanical principles of prosthetic design, prosthetic-walking mechanics, and sensor feedback. The VSF manuscript investigated the mechanical impact of adjusting stiffness on lower limb mechanics using a prosthetic foot, which can modulate forefoot stiffness. A less stiff VSF resulted in increased ankle dorsiflexion angle, decreased ankle plantarflexor moment, decreased knee extension, decreased knee flexor moment, and increased magnitudes of prosthetic energy storage, energy return, and push-off power. These findings suggest that a less stiff VSF may offer advantages in lower joint moments and greater ankle angle range of motion for individuals with lower-limb prostheses. The Two Axis aDaptable Ankle (TADA) is a semi-active prosthetic ankle that offers independent modulation of sagittal and frontal ankle angles. The first TADA study modified a Raspberry Pi 4 for real-time control of brushless direct-current motors, allowing for precise and reliable ankle angle adjustments. The control system employed CANopen over EtherCAT (CoE) for synchronized communication between the Raspberry Pi and motor controllers. The results demonstrated improved movement times, lower movement errors, and higher data transmission rates. As a continuation, the final TADA study aimed to create an ankle prosthesis that can synchronously record lower-body kinematics and kinetics and assess the sensitivity of those mechanics to different walking speeds and ankle angles for an unimpaired participant. Using a pylon load cell, the results showed that peak magnitudes and impulses increased for plantarflexor moments with increased plantarflexion angle and for evertor moments with increased inversion angles. Moreover, the peak sagittal pylon moments increased with higher walking speeds. The integrated control system of the TADA effectively controls ankle angles, can affect lower-body mechanical outcomes, and can allow for efficient adaptation to various speeds and terrains in users with transtibial amputations.

Download or read book Transverse plane Ankle Rotation for Lower limb Amputees Using Two Novel Prostheses written by Nathan M. Olson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lower-limb amputees often suffer from pain and discomfort caused by prosthesis use. Problems include musculoskeletal issues caused by compensatory gait patterns and skin injuries caused by shear stress at the interface between the residual limb and the socket. Torsion adapters have been shown to relieve these skin problems, but are not commonly prescribed due to a perceived decrease in stability. This study describes the Torsionally Active Prosthesis (TAP), a novel prosthesis that aims to provide the same reduction in shear stress as a torsion adapter without the accompanying decrease in stability. The work consists of four parts. First, a powered prosthesis capable of general motion in the transverse plane was developed. Second, exploratory human subject testing was performed to identify a pattern of motion that reduces transverse-plane torque at the socket without reducing torsional stiffness. The results indicate that this can be achieved by coupling transverse-plane ankle rotation with sagittal-plane ankle rotation. Third, the powered prosthesis was configured to perform this axis coupling and human subject testing was performed to determine its efficacy. Three subjects wore the prosthesis and walked at their self-selected speed in straight lines and clockwise and counterclockwise circles with at least three levels of axis coupling, including zero coupling. The subjects showed a trend toward decreased socket torque with increased axis coupling. Finally, the Pivot-Flex Foot (PFF), an unpowered prosthesis that could provide axis coupling was designed, built, and bench-tested. The PFF demonstrated a linear coupling between transverse-plane ankle rotation and sagittal-plane ankle rotation during bench testing.

Download or read book Two Degree of Freedom written by Bryan C. Ross and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Design and Testing of an Ankle foot Prosthesis and a Hip Exoskeleton to Improve Balance related Outcomes and Prevent Falls written by Vincent Louie Chiu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Falling is a serious issue that affects millions of people, including people with lower limb amputation and older adults. Falls can lead to serious injury or death, and even the fear of falling results in restrictions on mobility and reductions in quality of life. Assistive devices could address this need by augmenting the three primary strategies humans use to maintain balance: applying ankle torque to modulate center of pressure and pushoff work, using hip torque to change center of mass position and velocity, and placing the foot to alter base of support. In my doctoral research, I have designed and tested devices intended to assist people with these three balance strategies. First, I designed a prosthetic foot with actuation in the frontal and sagittal planes, which is capable of modulating the center of pressure between the foot and the ground. I then used this foot to test the biomechanical effects of a prosthesis controller designed to mitigate the effects of uneven terrain. Finally, I designed a bilateral hip exoskeleton with actuation in the frontal and sagittal planes, which can be used to modulate hip torques and assist with foot placement. These projects have led to a better understanding of the relative efficacy of different balance enhancement techniques and have yielded new experimental tools for future studies of fall prevention.

Download or read book Design of a Multiple Degree of Freedom Prosthesis written by Robert Bristol Jerard and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Design And Testing Of A Passive Prosthetic Ankle With Mechanical Performance Similar To That Of A Natural Ankle written by Yadan Zeng and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the design and test results of a passive prosthetic ankle that has mechanical behavior similar to that of a natural ankle. The ankle prosthesis is designed to store and return enough energy to the amputee to propel their body forward during push-off. The ankle prosthesis is a 2 degree of freedom (DoF) mechanism containing a network of conventional compression springs. One DoF allows the lower leg to compress when weight is applied; the other allows the foot to rotate about the ankle joint. Bulk property and dynamic performance criteria are used to assess the performance of the ankle prosthesis. Lightweight, compactness and low friction are the primary bulk property requirements for the ankle device. Stiffness nonlinearity and active behavior similar to that of a human ankle are the major dynamic performance characteristics. In this research, a preliminary computer geometric model of the prosthesis was developed, simulated, and refined in CAD software. A proof-of-concept prototype was then fabricated, modified and tested on both a robot and a human subject. The test results showed that the designed ankle prosthesis demonstrated its ability to satisfy the bulk property requirements and some of the dynamic performance characteristics. The nonlinearity of ankle stiffness was validated, however, more active behavior should be achieved by the prosthesis during push-off.

Download or read book Foot and Ankle Biomechanics written by William Ledoux and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-12-05 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foot and Ankle Biomechanics is a one source, comprehensive and modern reference regarding foot and ankle biomechanics. This text serves as both a master reference for foot biomechanics, presenting a clear state of the research and capabilities in the field. The customers for this book will be those looking for information on foot and ankle biomechanics for a range of applications; for example, designers of orthotics. - Provides a comprehensive overview of the science of foot and ankle biomechanics that is presented in an easily accessible format - Presents normative data and descriptions relating to the structure and function of the foot and ankle, along with comparisons to pathological conditions - Includes multimedia content to support modeling and simulation chapters

Download or read book Joint Replacement Technology written by Peter A. Revell and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-28 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of Joint Replacement Technology provides a thoroughly updated review of recent developments in joint replacement technology. Joint replacement is a standard treatment for joint degradation and has improved the quality of life of millions of patients. Collaboration between clinicians and researchers is critical to its continued success and to meet the rising expectations of patients and surgeons.This edition covers a range of updated and new content, ranging from chapters on materials analysis and selection, to methodologies and techniques used for joint replacement and clinical challenges of replacing specific joints. Key topics include tribological considerations and experiments; challenges in joint bearing surfaces; cementless fixation techniques; healing responses to implants. Clinical challenges and perspectives are covered with the aid of case studies.Thanks to its widespread collaboration and international contributors, Joint Replacement Technology, Third Edition is useful for materials scientists and engineers in both academia and the biomedical industry. Chemists, clinicians, and other researchers in this area will also find this text invaluable. - This third edition provides an updated comprehensive review of recent developments in joint replacement technology - Reviews a range of specific joints, biological and mechanical issues and fixation techniques - Includes revised and new content, such as sections on regulatory affairs, AI techniques and 3D printing

Download or read book Transactions of the Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society written by Orthopaedic Research Society. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consists of the transactions of the 22nd- annual meeting of the society.

Download or read book Personalized Hip and Knee Joint Replacement written by Charles Rivière and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes and illustrates the surgical techniques, implants, and technologies used for the purpose of personalized implantation of hip and knee components. This new and flourishing treatment philosophy offers important benefits over conventional systematic techniques, including component positioning appropriate to individual anatomy, improved surgical reproducibility and prosthetic performance, and a reduction in complications. The techniques described in the book aim to reproduce patients’ native anatomy and physiological joint laxity, thereby improving the prosthetic hip/knee kinematics and functional outcomes in the quest of the forgotten joint. They include kinematically aligned total knee/total hip arthroplasty, partial knee replacement, and hip resurfacing. The relevance of available and emerging technological tools for these personalized approaches is also explained, with coverage of, for example, robotics, computer-assisted surgery, and augmented reality. Contributions from surgeons who are considered world leaders in diverse fields of this novel surgical philosophy make this open access book will invaluable to a wide readership, from trainees at all levels to consultants practicing lower limb surgery

Download or read book Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System Biomechanics of the knee written by Margareta Nordin and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It is with great pleasure that we present the Fifth Edition of Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System (BBMS). BBMS is now translated to eight languages, from English to Cantonese, Dutch, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, and Taiwanese"--