Download or read book Design of a Chemical Plant for the Production of 40 000 Tons yr Styrene written by Amna Fahim and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Styrene monomer can be produced with the aid of various processes such as the catalytic dehyrogenation of ethyl benzene, oxidation of ethyl benzene and side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol. These three processes were considered for commercial production among many other processes that are used to produce styrene. This project , however, focused on the catalytic dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene to produce styrene, since the latter is produced mostly using this method. In short, the aim of this project is to design a chemical plant for the production of styrene at a capacity of 40, 000 tons/year or equivalently 47.84 kmol/hour. This report gives a brief background on styrene, along with its uses, properties and different methods used to produce the monomer. In addition, it covers the process selection along with a detailed process flow diagram developed for the production. Material and Energy [sic] balances were performed for all different processes and corresponding units involved included in the plant. Detailed design calculations of the major equipment used were done, and a profitability analysis of the plant was conducted to know if the proposed design is economically feasible or not. The total manufacturing cost was calculated to be 77.8 Million [sic] dollars and the payback period was found to be 6 years. A Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study was also conducted to address the safety of the various processes and their environmental impact. Throughout this project, several programs were used that included the use of Microsoft Excel in performing calculations for the energy balances, detailed design calculations and the profitability analysis. Aspen HYSYS was used to check the design of the three -phase separator, and Polymath software was used in the design of the isothermal packed bed reactor.
Download or read book Design of a Chemical Plant for the Production of 60 000 Tons yr Ammonia NH3 written by Mohammed ElFaki and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design of a Chemical Plant for the Production of 60 000 Tons year of Acrolein C H4O written by Amal Radwan Jamal Eddin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the industrial processes nowadays are accompanied by the usage of intermediate products in order to obtain the final desired product. Intermediate products are products that need to be further refined by the producer before they are sold to the target consumer. The idea of having an intermediate product is very useful for the industries, as these compounds are further processed rather than being directed into an incinerator or to waste treatment. Acrolein is one of the chemicals that are considered to be intermediate materials for the production of other materials used in day-to-day life.The aim of this project is to design a chemical plant that produces 60,000 tons/year capacity of acrolein with a high purity of approximately 98% from a raw material which was selected to be propylene. This final decision of the best raw material to select was taken after going through the general steps for selecting a raw material. Starting with the elimination based on yield, selectivity, and lack of practical foundation, followed by the elimination based on gross profit analysis, as well as the availability of the raw material in United Arab Emirates. Material balance calculations were done on a selected process flow diagram in order to know how much material should be fed to the process and at what flow rate does the product, by-product, and the unreacted materials leave and exit each single unit achieving the desired capacity material. In addition, energy balance calculations were done around around each piece of equipment installed in the process plant. Operating conditions were assumed based on different studies and sources and material and energy balance equations were applied properly. The process flow diagram was modified to overcome the challenges of the process where heat integration was applied on the reactor process since the reaction is extremely exothermic. In addition, a recycle stream was added in order to recycle all the raw material and reach 100% conversion of propylene, Moreover, since a huge amount of water was found leaving a process stream, it was suggested to treat the water and deionize it for the aim of it being used. From various equipment installed in the process plant, one from each of the main equipment were designed including, heat exchangers, reactors, fractionators, flash distillation columns, liquid-liquid extraction columns, pumps, and compressors. When designing each single equipment appropriate detailed design calculations were followed. The area of the shell and tube heat exchanger (E101) was found to be of 13430.5 ft2. The reactor (R101) diameter was found to be 0.385m with a length of 1.1553 m. The detailed design calculation of the extraction column (T101) shows that the height of the column is to be 45.88m. For, the fractionator (T103), the number of trays were found to be 11 stages. The diameter and length were 0.6 m and 9.4 respectively. The diameter and the length of the flash distillation column (T106) were found to be 15.1 m and 46 m respectively. Based on the head and flow rates, Pump (P101) type was selected to be centrifugal. The power out of the pump was found to be 36.98 hp while the power in to the pump was found to be 57.78 hp. A compressor (C104) was found to be of a type rotary compressor with a work of 290 kw. The number of compressor stages were found to be 2 stages. A process economic analysis was done on the constructed plant to determine whether the plant at hand is a good investment or not. The plant capital cost was found to be 40, 959, 756.7 US dollars, the manufacturing cost was found to be 207, 206, 460.6 US dollars a year. The revenue was found to be 219, 834, 000 US dollars. Based on the undiscounted analysis, the rate of return was found to be 14.7% and the payback period is approximately 4 years. Based on the discounted profitability analysis, the discounted rate was found to be 14.7%. The ethical, safety, and environmental issues related to the designed chemical plant of acrolein production were discussed in detail in this project.
Download or read book Primed for Success The Story of Scientific Design Company written by Peter H. Spitz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the remarkable story of an entrepreneurial firm that helped to create the petrochemical industry as we know it today. The author also highlights the important role chemical engineers played in developing and commercializing new technologies based on the conversion of hydrocarbons into petrochemicals, which also led to the transfer of technological dominance from Germany to the United States. These developments are illustrated by the participants’ personal histories, in the form of interviews and recorded oral histories. In addition, the book presents a highly relevant case study for engineers and managers in the chemical industry.
Download or read book Nonrenewable Organic Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Materials Survey Rubber written by United States. National Production Authority and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Minerals Yearbook written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design of a Chemical Plant for the Production of 100 000 Tons Per Year Phenol from Cumene written by Alaa Mohammed Mudheher and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenol is a vital chemical intermediate used in various material production such as the production of phenolic resins and polycarbonate via bisphenol A. The production of Phenol [sic] is interlinked with cumene under a process called Hock Process that comprises of two operations; oxidation and decomposition. The cumene is oxidized to produce cumene hydroperoxide where later on, it is decomposed by an acid catalyst to produce phenol and acetone. It is noteworthy to mention that Hock process [ sic] is considered as the optimum process for various reasons which are the production of large capacity of phenol and the production of an important by-product which is acetone. The aim of this project is to produce 100, 000 ton per year of phenol from fresh cumene. Moreover, recent developed processes were introduced to enhance the phenol production by examining different oxidizers for the oxidation process and catalysts for the decomposition operation. Extensive research has been conducted to select the best technology where our findings concluded to the choice of air as the efficient oxidizer and sulfuric acid for the catalyzation of cumene hydroperoxide. The air has been found as the optimum due to its availability and the sulfuric acid was considered the most efficient due to the large-scale production of phenol with the highest purity where the yield reaches up to 99%, selectivity of 99%, and conversion of cumene hydroperoxide of 98%. After designing the Process Flow Diagram (PFD) based on available literature, it was calculated that 300, 000 ton per year of fresh cumene is required to produce 100, 000 tons per year of phenol. In addition, detailed design was made for various units which are Bubble column reactor, LG separator, CSTR, Mixer, Shell & tube Heat Exchanger, and distillation column. In the design of the Bubble column reactor, it was found that the column diameter is 5 m, and the column height was obtained to be 5.09 m, besides the bubble size was found to be 3.83 mm. Moreover, for the distillation column design the obtained results were 8.8 m for the total height, 0.36 m for the diameter, 2.12 for the reflux ration; additionally, the number of theoretical stages was found to be 7 plates, and 10 plates is the actual number of stages.
Download or read book Hearings Before and Special Reports Made by Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives on Subjects Affecting the Naval and Military Establishments written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 1192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design of a Chemical Plant for High Purity Styrene from Ethyl Benzene written by Hassan Nagib El-Hourani and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project aims to discuss the production of styrene in the UAE. In able to further promote the manufacture of Styrene as a petrochemical in the UAE and to form a reliable source of Styrene monomers in the gulf [sic] region, a small scale plant is proposed for design. The project will produce 100, 000 tons/year which is equal to 133 k mol /hour of Styrene. The method used is Adiabatic Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Ethyl Benzene which is dependable on many conditions that are compared with other methods. The project performs a series of steps that allow for a general perspective on the small scale plant design, including: - Conducting relevant research and data collection. - Performing preliminary conservation of mass and energy calculations. - Carry out specific equipment designs. - Formulating safety and economic feasibility studies. Throughout this project, several programs were used that included mainly Microsoft Excel program, E-draw max, and Polymath. In addition, there were several challenges faced in each step of the project that included difficulty in finding the desired information, and time limitation as this project was performed over the course of only one semester. The project finds the small scale Styrene plant profitable, despite certain limitations to the feasibility study performed.
Download or read book A Chemical Plant for the Production of 55 000 Tons yr Formaldehyde of High Purity from Methanol written by Baseer Ul-Haq and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this project a plant is being designed to produce 55,000 tons/yr of 37 wt % formaldehyde from methanol, where for the capstone design II the last five chapters regarding this topic has been completed. From the five chapters, chapter five Detailed design regarding the design using a software for the Heat Exchanger, Absorber, and Distillation column, while in the sixth chapter which is the Process Economics is the chapter which the costs of equipment, maintenance, depreciation and Total [sic] Manufacturing [sic] costs are done. The seventh chapter in this this[sic] report is the section where the Safety and Environmental issues are discussed. The other sections in this chapter include Toxicological [sic] information of chemicals used and HAZOP of the equipment are discussed. Next, is the chapter eight, this is the project [sic] management [sic] chapter. The problems faced, resources used, tasks and distribution of tasks amongst team members are discussed. Finally, the ninth chapter is the conclusion[sic] of the project [sic] where the restatement of the objectives and deliverables including the summary of the selected process are discussed.
Download or read book Design of a Chemical Plant to Produce 80 000 Tons year of Propylene from Methanol written by Rusul Omar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Propylene is an important material chemical intermediary because it can be utilized in numerous applications like the electricity and many other, but the main application of propylene is to make it as polypropylene. There are many processes that produce propylene, but the propylene production is connected with methanol by Lurgi's MTP that involves the dehydration operations. The LURGI MTP technology produce more amount of propylene than the other processes. The objective of this capstone project is to produce 80, 000 tons per year of propylene from methanol. Moreover, nowadays, there are many processes that have been develops and improved to produce the propylene the recent one is for dehydration the methanol because it gives the high production conversion of propylene (yield) which is equals to 45.44% with applying some of zeolite catalysts to achieve this process. The process flow diagram was designed and detailed by using available literature and performing the material and energy balance for the entire process. The first step was to star this project was to analyze the required amount of methanol for the process was equals to be 1124269.182 kg/days or 1462.06 kmol/hr. In addition, the design section calculations were detailed for several units and the main equipment of the process that includes which are pump, Shell & tube Heat Exchanger, BPR reactor, multicomponent distillation column and compressor. The design involved many calculations for example diameter, height, area, and volume, also the required weight of the catalyst for the DME reactor. In addition, the analysis of economics was assembled which the plants results originate to be profitable and having a payback period, and the plant was found to be with a payback period of 1.71 years. Finally, the environmental impacts and ethical issues was discussed. Also, for the HAZOP was done and explained for all the equipment and units that designed.
Download or read book Subcommittee Hearing on Synthetic Rubber written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Committee Serial No. 220. Discusses problems arising from the manufacture and stockpiling of synthetic rubber. Hearings were held in Beaumont, Tex., Nov. 7; Houston, Tex., Nov. 8; Barberton, Ohio, Nov. 14; and Akron, Ohio, Nov. 15.
Download or read book Chemicals written by United States. Bureau of Domestic Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Commerce written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical and Rubber written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical and Rubber Industry Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
