Download or read book Design Fabrication Characterization and Analysis of Wide Band Gap Gallium Phosphide Solar Cells written by Xuesong Lu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work is to design, fabricate, characterize and analyze wide band gap gallium phosphide (GaP) solar cells which can be used in multi-junction solar cell systems as the top junction solar cell. The highest reported efficiency for a GaP solar cell has been achieved in this work. This solar cell has an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.53V, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 2.56mA/cm 2, fill factor (FF) of 74.06% and efficiency of 2.90% compared to the previous best reported efficiency of 1.17%. The wide band gap of GaP (2.26eV) makes it a very good candidate for the top junction solar cell in a multi-junction solar cell system. A wide band gap solar cell can increase the efficiency of the system by absorbing and converting the high energy photons more efficiently. A five-junction solar cell system that includes a GaP solar cell as the top junction has the potential to achieve over 50% efficiency. The novel system is based on the co-design of the optics, interconnects and solar cells that enables each individual solar cell to have separate electrical contacts. The separate contact design is important to the multi-junction system because it can eliminate the lattice and current match requirements. The absolute efficiency gain of using a GaP solar cell as the top junction in the five-junction solar cell system can be as high as 3.6%. In this thesis, the GaP solar cells have been designed, fabricated and improved using a systematic approach. High quality GaP epitaxial layers were grown on GaP substrates using liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). The layer quality was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The baseline and the first generation GaP solar cells were fabricated using a p on n structure. The solar cells were analyzed using quantum efficiency and current-voltage measurement. Specific materials parameters were then improved using predictive models based on these results. The analysis identified that the diffusion length in the base (n -type) limited the performance. Accordingly, a second generation GaP solar cell was designed, fabricated and tested using an improved n on p structure. The second generation GaP solar cell demonstrated significant improvement. Four more generations of GaP solar cells have been designed and fabricated using the predictive model based on the second generation GaP solar cell's analysis. The four new generations of GaP solar cells focused on first increasing the emitter region diffusion length; second, further improvements in the base region diffusion length; third, the emitter thickness and; finally, the front surface passivation. Systematic improvements have been achieved from these four new generations of GaP solar cells. The sixth generation GaP solar cell with AlGaP front surface passivation has achieved the highest efficiency GaP solar cell to date. Optical analysis of the GaP as a transparent top solar cell in a five-junction solar cell system has been performed to determine the design rules for this solar cell to be used as a "transparent" top solar cell. A new five-junction solar cell system has been proposed based on this analysis. With improved epitaxial layers growth conditions and solar cell designs, a pathway to 12.6% efficiency GaP top solar cells is described in this work. The development of wide band gap solar cells will broaden the design space for multi-junction solar cells. This work demonstrates the design rules for wide bandgap solar cells. The result will be beneficial to the design of multi-junction solar cells and the improvement of the solar cell module conversion efficiency.
Download or read book Design Fabrication Characterization and Analysis of Wide Band Gap Gallium Phosphide Solar Cells and Gallium Phosphide on Silicon written by Martin Diaz and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cost of electricity generated by solar cells is an important factor limiting the competitiveness of photovoltaics in the energy economy. A reduction of this cost by increasing the conversion efficiency can be achieved with the application of multi-junction structures composed of III-V materials grown on silicon (Si), because Si is a well developed technology and less expensive than III-V or Ge substrates. It has been found that gallium phosphide (GaP) is a good III-V material candidate for high quality epitaxial growth on Si due to its lattice matching with Si. The GaP material can serve as the top solar cell above a Si solar cell in a multi-junction system or a platform for subsequent III-V solar cell growth. In this work, liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) was used to grow GaP on Si (111) substrates. The epitaxial layers have been characterized by SEM and EDS. Using a systematic approach to improve the quality of the GaP epitaxial layers, semi-uniform layers with a 2-4% Si concentration have been achieved. These epitaxial layers should provide a good platform for further growth of III-V solar cells. Also, in this work, a GaP solar cell device with a VOC of 1.56 V, a JSCof 1.2 mA, and an efficiency of 1.04% under AM 1.5G without any anti-reflection coating has been designed and fabricated. A GaAsP/Si 2-junction three terminal solar cell device with an efficiency of 37% has also been designed in this work. Future work includes the incorporation of the III-V epitaxial growth on Si using LPE with these device designs to fabricate high-efficiency multi-junction device structures.
Download or read book Design Fabrication and Characterization of Metal semiconductor Solar Cells written by Elio Tirrito and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Beam Deposition and Characterization of Wide band gap Cu In Ga se2 for Thin Film Solar Cells written by Panita Chinvetkitvanich and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mo/ Cu(In, Ga)Se2/CdS/ZnO thin film solar cells were fabricated and studied on their current transport mechanism. The current-voltage characteristics were measured in the dark and illuminated, at room temperature as well as variety of temperature. The dark and illuminated I-V characteristics were deduced for their diode ideality factor (A), series resistace (R2) and the reverse saturation current density (Jo) which are related to current transport mechanism through the junction. The I-V characteristic curves at room temperature indicate that current transport process is controlled by the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination in the space charge region. The analysis of temperature dependent current-voltage I(V, T) measurement indicates that the tunneling contributes to the recombination in the space charge region at low temperature. The studies of the effect of impurity concentration in the CdS buffer layer and the effect of illumination intensity on the I-V characteristics were analyzed and used to draw a possible energy band diagram of the device. It is also used to explain the current transport mechanism at junction.
Download or read book Semiconductor Material and Device Characterization written by Dieter K. Schroder and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Third Edition updates a landmark text with the latest findings The Third Edition of the internationally lauded Semiconductor Material and Device Characterization brings the text fully up-to-date with the latest developments in the field and includes new pedagogical tools to assist readers. Not only does the Third Edition set forth all the latest measurement techniques, but it also examines new interpretations and new applications of existing techniques. Semiconductor Material and Device Characterization remains the sole text dedicated to characterization techniques for measuring semiconductor materials and devices. Coverage includes the full range of electrical and optical characterization methods, including the more specialized chemical and physical techniques. Readers familiar with the previous two editions will discover a thoroughly revised and updated Third Edition, including: Updated and revised figures and examples reflecting the most current data and information 260 new references offering access to the latest research and discussions in specialized topics New problems and review questions at the end of each chapter to test readers' understanding of the material In addition, readers will find fully updated and revised sections in each chapter. Plus, two new chapters have been added: Charge-Based and Probe Characterization introduces charge-based measurement and Kelvin probes. This chapter also examines probe-based measurements, including scanning capacitance, scanning Kelvin force, scanning spreading resistance, and ballistic electron emission microscopy. Reliability and Failure Analysis examines failure times and distribution functions, and discusses electromigration, hot carriers, gate oxide integrity, negative bias temperature instability, stress-induced leakage current, and electrostatic discharge. Written by an internationally recognized authority in the field, Semiconductor Material and Device Characterization remains essential reading for graduate students as well as for professionals working in the field of semiconductor devices and materials. An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available from the Wiley editorial department.
Download or read book Solar Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1983-06 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy a Continuing Bibliography with Indexes written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 1100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Engineering Index Annual written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 2264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its creation in 1884, Engineering Index has covered virtually every major engineering innovation from around the world. It serves as the historical record of virtually every major engineering innovation of the 20th century. Recent content is a vital resource for current awareness, new production information, technological forecasting and competitive intelligence. The world?s most comprehensive interdisciplinary engineering database, Engineering Index contains over 10.7 million records. Each year, over 500,000 new abstracts are added from over 5,000 scholarly journals, trade magazines, and conference proceedings. Coverage spans over 175 engineering disciplines from over 80 countries. Updated weekly.
Download or read book Semiconductor Nanowires written by J Arbiol and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-03-31 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductor nanowires promise to provide the building blocks for a new generation of nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices. Semiconductor Nanowires: Materials, Synthesis, Characterization and Applications covers advanced materials for nanowires, the growth and synthesis of semiconductor nanowires—including methods such as solution growth, MOVPE, MBE, and self-organization. Characterizing the properties of semiconductor nanowires is covered in chapters describing studies using TEM, SPM, and Raman scattering. Applications of semiconductor nanowires are discussed in chapters focusing on solar cells, battery electrodes, sensors, optoelectronics and biology. Explores a selection of advanced materials for semiconductor nanowires Outlines key techniques for the property assessment and characterization of semiconductor nanowires Covers a broad range of applications across a number of fields
Download or read book Materials Concepts For Solar Cells Second Edition written by Thomas Dittrich and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2018-01-30 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A modern challenge is for solar cell materials to enable the highest solar energy conversion efficiencies, at costs as low as possible, and at an energy balance as sustainable as necessary in the future. This textbook explains the principles, concepts and materials used in solar cells. It combines basic knowledge about solar cells and the demanded criteria for the materials with a comprehensive introduction into each of the four classes of materials for solar cells, i.e. solar cells based on crystalline silicon, epitaxial layer systems of III-V semiconductors, thin-film absorbers on foreign substrates, and nano-composite absorbers. In this sense, it bridges a gap between basic literature on the physics of solar cells and books specialized on certain types of solar cells.The last five years had several breakthroughs in photovoltaics and in the research on solar cells and solar cell materials. We consider them in this second edition. For example, the high potential of crystalline silicon with charge-selective hetero-junctions and alkaline treatments of thin-film absorbers, based on chalcopyrite, enabled new records. Research activities were boosted by the class of hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites, a promising newcomer in the field.This is essential reading for students interested in solar cells and materials for solar cells. It encourages students to solve tasks at the end of each chapter. It has been well applied for postgraduate students with background in materials science, engineering, chemistry or physics.
Download or read book GaAs Solar Cell Radiation Handbook written by B. E. Anspaugh and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Printable Solar Cells written by Nurdan Demirci Sankir and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-04-19 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Printable Solar Cells The book brings together the recent advances, new and cutting edge materials from solution process and manufacturing techniques that are the key to making photovoltaic devices more efficient and inexpensive. Printable Solar Cells provides an overall view of the new and highly promising materials and thin film deposition techniques for printable solar cell applications. The book is organized in four parts. Organic and inorganic hybrid materials and solar cell manufacturing techniques are covered in Part I. Part II is devoted to organic materials and processing technologies like spray coating. This part also demonstrates the key features of the interface engineering for the printable organic solar cells. The main focus of Part III is the perovskite solar cells, which is a new and promising family of the photovoltaic applications. Finally, inorganic materials and solution based thin film formation methods using these materials for printable solar cell application is discussed in Part IV. Audience The book will be of interest to a multidisciplinary group of fields, in industry and academia, including physics, chemistry, materials science, biochemical engineering, optoelectronic information, photovoltaic and renewable energy engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical and manufacturing engineering.
Download or read book Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells written by W.R. Fahrner and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2006-08-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world of today must face up to two contradictory energy problems: on the one hand, there is the sharply growing consumer demand in countries such as China and India. On the other hand, natural resources are dwindling. Moreover, many of those countries which still possess substantial gas and oil supplies are politically unstable. As a result, renewable natural energy sources have received great attention. Among these, solar-cell technology is one of the most promising candidates. However, there still remains the problem of the manufacturing costs of such cells. Many attempts have been made to reduce the production costs of conventional solar cells (manufactured from monocrystalline silicon using diffusion methods) by instead using cheaper grades of silicon, and simpler pn-junction fabrication. That is the hero of this book; the heterojunction solar cell.
Download or read book Nanostructured Solar Cells written by Narottam Das and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-02-22 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured solar cells are very important in renewable energy sector as well as in environmental aspects, because it is environment friendly. The nano-grating structures (such as triangular or conical shaped) have a gradual change in refractive index which acts as a multilayer antireflective coating that is leading to reduced light reflection losses over broadband ranges of wavelength and angle of incidence. There are different types of losses in solar cells that always reduce the conversion efficiency, but the light reflection loss is the most important factor that decreases the conversion efficiency of solar cells significantly. The antireflective coating is an optical coating which is applied to the surface of lenses or any optical devices to reduce the light reflection losses. This coating assists for the light trapping capturing capacity or improves the efficiency of optical devices, such as lenses or solar cells. Hence, the multilayer antireflective coatings can reduce the light reflection losses and increases the conversion efficiency of nanostructured solar cells.
