Download or read book Design fabrication and testing of intersubband infrared photodetectors operating at wavelengths between 2 m and 17 m written by Fabrizio Giorgetta and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design Fabrication and Testing of Intersubband Infrared Photodetectors Operating at Wavelengths Between 2 m and 17 m written by Fabrizio Giorgetta and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intersubband Infrared Photodetectors written by Victor Ryzhii and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003-06-25 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infrared technologies are very important for a wide range of military, scientific and commercial applications. Devices and systems based on semiconductor heterostructure and quantum well and quantum dot structures open up a new era in infrared technologies.This book deals with various topics related to the latest achievements in the development of intersubband infrared photodetectors, reviewed by top experts in the field. It covers physical aspects of the operation of the devices as well as details of their design in different applications. The papers included in the book will be useful for researchers and engineers interested in the physics of optoelectronic devices as well as their practical design and applications.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Infrared and Visible Detector Operation and Testing written by John David Vincent and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-10-26 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a comprehensive introduction to the selection,operation, and testing of infrared devices, including adescription of modern detector assemblies and theiroperation This book discusses how to use and test infrared and visibledetectors. The book provides a convenient reference for thoseentering the field of IR detector design, test or use, those whowork in the peripheral areas, and those who teach and train othersin the field. Chapter 1 contains introductory material. Radiometry is coveredin Chapter 2. The author examines Thermal detectors in Chapter 3;the “Classical” photon detectors – simplephotoconductors and photovoltaics in Chapter 4; and “ModernPhoton Detectors” in Chapter 5. Chapters 6 through 8consider respectively individual elements and small arrays ofelements the “readouts” (ROICs) used with large imagingarrays; and Electronics for FPA Operation and Testing. The Test Setand The Testing Process are analyzed in Chapters 9 and 10, withemphasis on uncertainty and trouble shooting. Chapters 11 through15 discuss related skills, such as Uncertainty, Cryogenics, Vacuum,Optics, and the use of Fourier Transforms in the detector business.Some highlights of this new edition are that it Discusses radiometric nomenclature and calculations, detectormechanisms, the associated electronics, how these devices aretested, and real-life effects and problems Examines new tools in Infrared detector operations,specifically: selection and use of ROICs, electronics for FPAoperation, operation of single element and very small FPAs,microbolometers, and multi-color FPAs Contains five chapters with frequently sought-after informationon related subjects, such as uncertainty, optics, cryogenics,vacuum, and the use of Fourier mathematics for detectoranalyses Fundamentals of Infrared and Visible Detector Operation andTesting, Second Edition, provides the background and vocabularynecessary to help readers understand the selection, operation, andtesting of modern infrared devices.
Download or read book Handbook of Infrared Detection Technologies written by M. Henini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-12-11 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of lasers which emit infra-red radiation and sophisticated detectors of IR radiation is increasing dramatically: they are being used for long-distance fibre-optic communications and remote environmental monitoring and sensing. Thus they are of interest to the telecommunications industry and the military in particular. This book has been designed to bring together what is known on these devices, using an international group of contributors.
Download or read book Long Wavelength Infrared Detec written by M. Razeghi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1996 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series focuses on electro-optical applications of advance semiconductors such as quantum wells and superlattices. Volume 1 is dedicated to the long wavelength infrared detectors based on III-V Semiconductor quantum wells and superlattices as a new generation for infrared detectors based on artifically synthesized quantum structures. The chapters are contributed by the leading researchers at some of the best industrial, academic and government laboratories in the world. Although written primarily as a reference work, this book is appropriate as a supplementary text for graduate courses in this area.
Download or read book High operating temperature Infrared Photodetectors written by Jozef Piotrowski and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2007 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents approaches, materials, and devices that eliminate the cooling requirements of IR photodetectors operating in the middle- and long-wavelength ranges of the IR spectrum. It is based mainly on the authors' experiences in developing and fabricating near room temperature HgCdTe detectors at Vigo Systems Ltd. and at the Institute of Applied Physics Military University of Technology (both in Warsaw, Poland). The text also discusses solutions to other specific problems of high-temperature detection, such as poor collection efficiency due to a short diffusion length, the Johnson-Nyquist noise of parasitic impedances, and interfacing of very low resistance devices to electronics. Suitable for graduate students in physics and engineering who have received a basic preparation in modern solid state physics and electronic circuits, this book will also be of interest to individuals who work with aerospace sensors and systems, remote sensing, thermal imaging, military imaging, optical telecommunications, IR spectroscopy, and lidar.
Download or read book High Responsivity Tunable Step Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector written by Yeo Hwee Tiong and published by . This book was released on 2004-12-01 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, the performance of a step quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP), which was designed to detect a laser spot at 1.05 m and IR radiation between 9.5 m to 10.5 m, was evaluated. In the far infrared (FIR), the maximum responsivity of the test detector at 10 K was measured at 1.02 A/W with a peak wavelength of 10.3 m under a negative bias of 0.83 V. The D* at background limited infrared performance (BLIP) was measured at 8.0x10(9) cm square root Hz/W with 180 degrees field of view. The BLIP temperature was found to be about 55 K. In addition, the FIR detection wavelength found shift with the amount of bias across the device. The amount of shift observed was 0.21 meV/ kvcm-1 which is due to linear Stark effect associated with the step quantum well. The quantum well infrared detectors made of square quantum wells found to have an order of magnitude lower Stark shift originated from second order effects. This suggests that the step well infrared detector can have applications in tunable wavelength infrared detectors.
Download or read book Electrical Electronics Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 2304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Performance Ultrafast Photodetectors written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project concentrates on the design, fabrication and characterization of compound semiconductor photodetectors in various material systems operating at near-IR wavelengths. We utilize resonant cavity enhanced (RCE) detection scheme to optimize speed and responsivity of photodetectors. It is also desirable to combine multiple functions in a single photodetector structure. In addition to wavelength selectivity of RCE photodetectors, we have demonstrated that RCE detectors vertically integrated with one-pass detectors can be used for polarization sensing. We have fabricated RCE photodetectors working at 800 to 900 nm wavelength range with record bandwidth-efficiency products. RCE Schottky photodiodes with 100 GHz bandwidth, p-i-n photodiodes with 50 GHz bandwidth and near-unity quantum efficiency have been demonstrated.
Download or read book Design of Long wavelength Detectors for High Efficiency and High Speed Operation written by Xuzhi He and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The infrared detectors have made enormous progress in increasing the operating temperature from low to considerably high operating temperatures. Although it is possible to operate Mid-Wavelength (MW) detectors at room temperature, Long-Wavelength (LW) detectors still need considerable research and development work. The trend predicts that operating temperature close to the ambient condition will be achieved in the future. In this thesis, a new paradigm of enhancing light absorption in the PIN detector would be investigated and applied to traditional HgCdTe barrier detectors to improve absorption efficiency, reducing noise, and increasing operating temperature. HgCdTe material offers the following advantages: (i) Tunable bandgap enable absorbing 1[mu]m-30[mu]m spectrum, (ii) Higher absorption coefficient than most infrared detector materials, (iii) High operating temperature. The cut-off wavelength divides the absorption spectrum into two regions: Kane and Urbach. The former had been fully investigated in the past decades, and many high-performance devices have been developed, whereas the latter one remained an engineering challenge. In this thesis, we would focus on enhancing the absorption spectrum in the Urbach region of HgCdTe by designing different single-pixel structures using a novel light trapping technology to enhance photon absorption significantly. This novel method is simple yet powerful. An array of microscale holes will be designed on the photodiodes' surface to redirect normally incident light into lateral orientated propagating waves along the photodiodes' plane. This thereby maintains a thin intrinsic region in the photodiodes with a high 'vertical' electric field and short drift-time (creating fast photodiodes) while also keeping the absorption high. Thus, it is possible to exploit the larger lateral dimensions of the photodiode to increase the devices' effective absorption. The holes help reduce the total surface area of the devices, contributing to reduced material volume and consequently lower leakage current. With less dark current, the noise can be reduced, and the operating temperature can be raised. This is how uncooled, low-noise and high quantum efficiency infrared detectors can eventually be realized.
Download or read book GUIA do produtor written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Administração direta; Secretaria de política grícola-SPA; Abastecimento agropecuário; Secretaria de desenvolvimento rural-SDR; Assistência técnica e extensão rural; Conservação de solo e água; Cooperativismo e associativismo rural; Informação agrícola; Infra-estrutura rural; Mecanização e aviação agrícolas; Produção animal; Produção vegetal; Secretaria de defesa agropecuária-SDA; Defesa animal; Inspeção de produtos de origem animal; Defesa e inspeção vegetal; Endereços (EMATER, DEA, Convênios de classificação vegetal, Criadores de bovinos e laboratórios); Comissão especial de recursos-CER; Comissão executiva do plano da lavoura cacaueira-CEPLAC; Instituto naional de meteorologia-INMET; Administração indireta; Instituto nacional de colonização e reforma agrária-INCRA; Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento-CONAB; Empresa brasileira de pesquisa agropecuária -EMBRAPA; Companhia de colonização do nordeste-COLONE.
Download or read book Growth and Fabrication of Multi Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A majority of infrared sensors used for imaging arrays operating in the long-wavelength infrared region between lambda = 8-12 micrometers are based on HgCdTe. This material system is unable to satisfy all of the requirements that are imposed by modern applications. Structural difficulties due to poor uniformity, high defect densities, and weak bond strengths cause difficulties in manufacturing large infrared focal plane array cameras. As an alternative, quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) utilizing intersubband absorption between GaAs wells and AlGaAs barriers were perfected. These QWIPs possess better uniformity in comparison to HgCdTe detectors, and QWIP imaging arrays have recently become commercially available. However, the responsivity of GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs is still lower than HgCdTe detectors. In order to further improve the responsivity of QWIP detectors, the development of QWIPs with wells or barriers of OaInAsP instead of MOaAs has been developed.
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1020 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fabrication of Tunable Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors QWIP Polarization Sensitive QWIPs and Enhanced Coupling Grating Structures written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project investigates the properties of intersubband reduced dimension devices based on quantum wells and quantum dots, which could be used for infrared detection. In the past few years, there has been active research on studying the performance characteristics of mid-wave infrared (MWIR, 3-5 m) and long-wave infrared (LWIR, 8-12 m) applications. Present-day photon detectors in this wavelength range need to be cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature or below. Quantum dot detectors are expected to display low dark current, large detectivity and better response at elevated temperature due to the longer lifetime of excited electrons due to greatly suppressed electron-phonon scattering. The responsivity and specific detectivity of QDIPs is significantly lower than those observed in mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detectors. However, due to difficulties with the epitaxial growth of mercury based compounds, material defects cause problems with uniformity and operability across an array that continues to plague MCT focal plane arrays. QDIPs, on the other hand, are based on a comparatively mature GaAs technology and the uniformity of their response suggests that they can be incorporated into large area focal plane arrays (FPAs).
Download or read book Pfrontener Obstb ume written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multi Color Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors for Mid Long and Very Long Wavelength Infrared Applications written by Sheng S. Li and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) have been widely investigated for the 3 - 5 micrometers mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and 8 - 12 micrometers long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) atmospheric spectral windows as well as very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR: lambda(sub c)> 14 micrometers) detection in the past decade. The mature III-V compound semiconductor growth technology and the design flexibility of device structures have led to the rapid development of various QWIP structures for infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs) applications. In addition to the single-color QWIP with narrow bandwidth, the multi-color QWIP required for advanced IR sensing and imaging applications have also been emerged in recent years. Using band gap engineering approach, the multi-color (2, 3, and 4- color) QWIPs using multi-stack quantum wells with different well width and depth and voltage-tunable triple-coupled quantum well (TCQW) structure for detection in the MWIR, LWIR, and VLWIR bands have been demonstrated. In this paper, the design, fabrication, and characterization of a voltage-tunable 2-stack 3-color QWIP for MW/LW/LW IR detection and a 3-stack 3-color QWIP for detection in the water, ozone, and CO2 atmospheric blocking bands are depicted.
