Download or read book Design Evolution and Verification of the General purpose Heat Source written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The General-Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) is a radioisotope heat source for use in space power systems. It employs a modular design, to make it adaptable to a wide range of energy conversion systems and power levels. Each 250 W module is completely autonomous, with its own passive safety provisions to prevent fuel release under all abort modes, including atmospheric reentry and earth impact. Prior development tests had demonstrated good impact survival as long as the iridium fuel capsules retained their ductility. This requires high impact temperatures, typically above 900°C and reasonably fine grain size, which in turn requires avoidance of excessive operating temperatures and reentry temperatures. These three requirements - on operating, reentry, and impact temperatures - are in mutual conflict, since thermal design changes to improve any one of these temperatures tend to worsen one or both of the others. This conflict creates a difficult design problem, which for a time threatened the success of the program. The present paper describes how this problem was overcome by successive design revisions, supplemented by thermal analyses and confirmatory vibration and impact tests; and how this may be achieved while raising the specific power of the GPHS to 83 W/lb, a 50% improvement over previously flown radioisotope heat sources.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Thermoelectrics written by D.M. Rowe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-07-14 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermoelectrics is the science and technology associated with thermoelectric converters, that is, the generation of electrical power by the Seebeck effect and refrigeration by the Peltier effect. Thermoelectric generators are being used in increasing numbers to provide electrical power in medical, military, and deep space applications where combinations of their desirable properties outweigh their relatively high cost and low generating efficiency. In recent years there also has been an increase in the requirement for thermoelectric coolers (Peltier devices) for use in infrared detectors and in optical communications. Information on thermoelectrics is not readily available as it is widely scattered throughout the literature. The Handbook centralizes this information in a convenient format under a single cover. Sixty of the world's foremost authorities on thermoelectrics have contributed to this Handbook. It is comprised of fifty-five chapters, a number of which contain previously unpublished material. The contents are arranged in eight sections: general principles and theoretical considerations, material preparation, measurement of thermoelectric properties, thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric generation, generator applications, thermoelectric refrigeration, and applications of thermoelectric cooling. The CRC Handbook of Thermoelectrics has a broad-based scope. It will interest researchers, technologists, and manufacturers, as well as students and the well-informed, non-specialist reader.
Download or read book Photovoltaics for Space written by Sheila G. Bailey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-26 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PV has traditionally been used for electric power in space. Solar panels on spacecraft are usually the sole source of power to run the sensors, active heating and cooling, and communications. Photovoltaics for Space: Key Issues, Missions and Alternative Technologies provides an overview of the challenges to efficiently produce solar power in near-Earth space and beyond: the materials and device architectures that have been developed to surmount these environmental and mission-specific barriers. The book is organized in four sections consisting of detailed introductory and background content as well as a collection of in-depth space environment, materials processing, technology, and mission overviews by international experts. This book will detail how to design and optimize a space power system’s performance for power-to-weight ratio, effectiveness at end of operational life (EOL) compared to beginning of operational life (BOL), and specific mission objectives and goals. This book outlines the knowledge required for practitioners and advanced students interested in learning about the background, materials, devices, environmental challenges, missions, and future for photovoltaics for space exploration. Provides an update to state-of-the-art and emerging solar cell technologies Features comprehensive coverage of solar cells for space exploration and materials/device technology options available Explains the extreme conditions and mission challenges to overcome when using photovoltaics in space
Download or read book The Technology of Discovery written by David Friedrich Woerner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-02-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Technology of Discovery Incisive discussions of a critical mission-enabling technology for deep space missions In The Technology of Discovery: Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators and Thermoelectric Technologies for Space Exploration, distinguished JPL engineer and manager David Woerner delivers an insightful discussion of how radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) are used in the exploration of space. It also explores their history, function, their market potential, and the governmental forces that drive their production and design. Finally, it presents key technologies incorporated in RTGs and their potential for future missions and design innovation. The author provides a clear and understandable treatment of the subject, ranging from straightforward overviews of the technology to complex discussions of the field of thermoelectrics. Included is also background on NASA’s decision to resurrect the GPHS-RTG and discussion of the future of commercialization of nuclear space missions. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to RTGs, as well as their invention, history, and evolution Comprehensive explorations of the contributions made by RTGs to US space exploration Practical discussions of the evolution, selection, and production of RPS fuels In-depth examinations of technologies and generators currently in development, including skutterudite thermoelectrics for an enhanced MMRTG Perfect for space explorers, aerospace engineers, managers, and scientists, The Technology of Discovery will also earn a place in the libraries of NASA archivists and other historians.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design and Control of Structure of Advanced Carbon Materials for Enhanced Performance written by Brian Rand and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon is unique in the range of structures and properties that are displayed by its material forms. The bonds in diamond, within the plane ofgraphite and in the fullerene molecules, C , are the strongest covalent bonds possible. This strong covalent bonding 60 leads to some exceptional intrinsic properties, examples ofwhich are: the greatest Young's modulus (in diamond, within the graphite plane and in single walled nanotubes) the highest room temperature thermal conductivity (in diamond and within the graphite plane) high hole mobility in doped diamond exceptional thermal stability ofthe structure in graphite It is because of the extreme thermal stability that such a wide range of materials is available. Atomic mobilities are low at all but the highest temperatures. Sintering, melting and casting ofcarbon are not feasible processing operations and carbon/graphite components are exclusively produced from the pyrolytic decomposition of organic precursors. The vast majority of engineering carbons have Sp2 type bonding and are related in some way to the structure of graphite. In the c-direction the bonding in graphite is of van der Waals character with the result that graphite is highly anisotropic in its properties and is probably unique in showing both the highest and lowest bond strengths in different directions in the same crystal.
Download or read book Ulysses Mission Space Flight Mission Implementation Tier 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the 24th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference Post deadline papers and index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Program Solicitation written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Space Technology and Applications International Forum STAIF 2005 written by Mohamed S. El-Genk and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2005-03-03 with total page 1512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3rd Symposium on Space Colonization. 2nd Symposium on New Frontiers and Future Concepts, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 13-17 February 2005
Download or read book Small Business Innovation Research written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1993-06 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE invites small business firms with strong research capabilities in science or engineering to submit grant proposals, The program's goal is to stimulate technological innovation in the private sector.
Download or read book The Journal of the Astronautical Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Second NREL Conference on Thermophotovoltaics written by David S. Ginley and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2000-04-14 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) Energy Converters generate electricity by photovoltaic conversion of photons emitted from a radiant heat source. A wide range of fuels can drive the heat source, and the technology supports a diverse range of potential applications. The proceedings of the July 1995 conference, sponsored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) under contract to the US Dept. of Energy, include sessions on thermophotovoltaic systems design and performance; markets and applications; optical system development; TPV cells (two sessions--one devoted to InGaAs cells); and emitter design and testing. No index. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
Download or read book Carbon Materials for Advanced Technologies written by T.D. Burchell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-07-22 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inspiration for this book came from an American Carbon Society Workshop entitled "Carbon Materials for Advanced Technologies" which was hosted by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1994. Chapter 1 contains a review of carbon materials, and emphasizes the structure and chemical bonding in the various forms of carbon, including the four allotropes diamond, graphite, carbynes, and the fullerenes. In addition, amorphous carbon and diamond films, carbon nanoparticles, and engineered carbons are discussed. The most recently discovered allotrope of carbon, i.e., the fullerenes, along with carbon nanotubes, are more fully discussed in Chapter 2, where their structure-property relations are reviewed in the context of advanced technologies for carbon based materials. The synthesis, structure, and properties of the fullerenes and nanotubes, and modification of the structure and properties through doping, are also reviewed. Potential applications of this new family of carbon materials are considered.The manufacture and applications of adsorbent carbon fibers are discussed in Chapter 3. The manufacture, structure and properties of high performance fibers are reviewed in Chapter 4, and the manufacture and properties of vapor grown fibers and their composites are reported in Chapter 5. The properties and applications of novel low density composites developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are reported in Chapter 6.Coal is an important source of energy and an abundant source of carbon. The production of engineering carbons and graphite from coal via a solvent extraction route is described in Chapter 7. Applications of activated carbons are discussed in Chapters 8-10, including their use in the automotive arena as evaporative loss emission traps (Chapter 8), and in vehicle natural gas storage tanks (Chapter 9). The application of activated carbons in adsorption heat pumps and refrigerators is discussed in Chapter 10. Chapter 11 reports the use of carbon materials in the fast growing consumer electronics application of lithium-ion batteries. The role of carbon materials in nuclear systems is discussed in Chapters 12 and 13, where fusion device and fission reactor applications, respectively, are reviewed. In Chapter 12 the major technological issues for the utilization of carbon as a plasma facing material are discussed in the context of current and future fusion tokamak devices.The essential design features of graphite moderated reactors, (including gas-, water- and molten salt-cooled systems) are reviewed in Chapter 13, and reactor environmental effects such as radiation damage and radiolytic corrosion are discussed. The fracture behaviour of graphite is discussed in qualitative and quantitative terms in Chapter 14. The applications of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics and Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics to graphite are reviewed and a study of the role of small flaws in nuclear graphites is reported.
