Download or read book Design and Synthesis of Monomers Toward Sequence Controlled Polymers written by Margaret Gerthoffer and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategies to synthesize sequence-defined polymers remain limited for industrial-scale applications, often due to time consuming iterative addition or polymerization methods possessing low functional group tolerances. Throughout my PhD, I have utilized both ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and pressure-induced polymerization to form sequence-defined polymers from deliberately designed A-B monomers. ROMP of electronically-biased paracyclophanedienes (pCpd) can form donor-acceptor poly(arylenevinylene)s. In addition, the pressure-induced polymerization of engineered aryl/perfluoroaryl (Ar/ArF) co-crystals translates into sequence-specific sp3-saturated copolymers known as nanothreads. Both polymerization methods form sequence-specific copolymers as dictated by the supramolecular monomer design. The ROMP of ring-strained pCpds containing dialkyloxybenzene donor and benzothiadiazole acceptor obtains well-defined polymers with ruthenium-based initiators. This design promotes favors sequence specificity between the electronically-activated dialkyloxybenzene and electronically-deficient benzothiadiazole that can guide the initiator homogenously during ring opening and polymerization events. During my PhD, I have discovered that the presence of sterically asymmetric alkyloxy groups (methoxy and octyloxy) on the donor further guides the polymerization process. I have elucidated that the steric effects of the alkyloxy donor group can further control the rate of well-defined donor-acceptor copolymer synthesis due to supramolecular interactions with ruthenium-based initiators. To expand on this, I targeted the synthesis of various alkyloxybenzene donor groups in both linear and branched substitutions to compare ROMP rate and polymer sequence definition with benzothiadiazole acceptors. The investigated pCpds formed well-defined polymers that did not prohibit ruthenium-catalyst attachment as confirmed by GPC and NMR spectroscopy. I have moreover been able to synthesize ladderane-like polymers known as nanothreads by the pressure-induced polymerization (23+ GPa) of alternating eclipsed stacks of aromatic cores in solid-state Ar/ArF co-crystals. I have designed monomer pairs through preorganization of Ar/ArF synthons with varied quadrupole, hydrogen, and halogen bonding to understand the design elements necessary to form substituted nanothreads at reduced pressure thresholds. For all co-crystals, supramolecular engineering has reduced polymerization pressures compared to individual components as confirmed through in situ Raman, NMR, and XRD spectroscopies under pressure. Phenol:pentafluorophenol illustrates strong hydrogen bonding that stabilizes interstack interactions under pressure to form nanothreads. However, I discovered that hydrogen bonding amongst external functionalities can prohibit facile compressibility if the direction aligns to the putative Ar/ArF thread axis. Direct intrastack hydrogen bonding can in fact increase the required pressure of polymerization (30 GPa+). Designing appropriate hydrogen bonding scaffolds in Ar/ArF co-crystals thus offers the ability to target sequence-controlled nanothread production at a reduced pressure.
Download or read book Sequence Controlled Polymers written by Jean-François Lutz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-09 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by a leading authority in the field, the first book on this important and emerging topic provides an overview of the latest trends in sequence-controlled polymers. Following a brief introduction, the book goes on to discuss various synthetic approaches to sequence-controlled polymers, including template polymerization, genetic engineering and solid-phase chemistry. Moreover, monomer sequence regulation in classical polymerization techniques such as step-growth polymerization, living ionic polymerizations and controlled radical polymerizations are explained, before concluding with a look at the future for sequence-controlled polymers. With its unique coverage of this interdisciplinary field, the text will prove invaluable to polymer and environmental chemists, as well as biochemists and bioengineers.
Download or read book Sequence Controlled Polymers written by Jean-François Lutz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-11-27 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by a leading authority in the field, the first book on this important and emerging topic provides an overview of the latest trends in sequence-controlled polymers. Following a brief introduction, the book goes on to discuss various synthetic approaches to sequence-controlled polymers, including template polymerization, genetic engineering and solid-phase chemistry. Moreover, monomer sequence regulation in classical polymerization techniques such as step-growth polymerization, living ionic polymerizations and controlled radical polymerizations are explained, before concluding with a look at the future for sequence-controlled polymers. With its unique coverage of this interdisciplinary field, the text will prove invaluable to polymer and environmental chemists, as well as biochemists and bioengineers.
Download or read book Sequence controlled Polymers written by American Chemical Society. Division of Polymer Chemistry and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synthesis of Polymers written by Dieter A. Schlüter and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-14 with total page 1229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are huge macromolecules composed of repeating structural units. While polymer in popular usage suggests plastic, the term actually refers to a large class of natural and synthetic materials. Due to the extraordinary range of properties accessible, polymers have come to play an essential and ubiquitous role in everyday life - from plastics and elastomers on the one hand to natural biopolymers such as DNA and proteins on the other hand. The study of polymer science begins with understanding the methods in which these materials are synthesized. Polymer synthesis is a complex procedure and can take place in a variety of ways. This book brings together the "Who is who" of polymer science to give the readers an overview of the large field of polymer synthesis. It is a one-stop reference and a must-have for all Chemists, Polymer Chemists, Chemists in Industry, and Materials Scientists.
Download or read book Principles of Polymer Design and Synthesis written by Wei-Fang Su and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-09 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can a scientist or engineer synthesize and utilize polymers to solve our daily problems? This introductory text, aimed at the advanced undergraduate or graduate student, provides future scientists and engineers with the fundamental knowledge of polymer design and synthesis to achieve specific properties required in everyday applications. In the first five chapters, this book discusses the properties and characterization of polymers, since designing a polymer initially requires us to understand the effects of chemical structure on physical and chemical characteristics. Six further chapters discuss the principles of polymerization reactions including step, radical chain, ionic chain, chain copolymerization, coordination and ring opening. Finally, material is also included on how commonly known polymers are synthesized in a laboratory and a factory. This book is suitable for a one semester course in polymer chemistry and does not demand prior knowledge of polymer science.
Download or read book Specialty Monomers and Polymers written by Kathleen O. Havelka and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike generic plastics, specialty polymers are custom tailored for specific applications and are typically used in higher value products requiring improved performance. Interest in the field is growing steadily, and this book examines the recent advances in the synthesis, fundamental understanding and applications of specialty polymers. It is comprehensive in scope, covering and providing current information on topics ranging from the fundamentals to polymer synthesis and applications. Emphasis is placed on a nummber of materials issues including: developing a fundamental understanding of structure-property relationship that will lead to the rational design of polymers from specialty monomores, the synthesis of specialty monomers, and the elegant chemistry performed with these monomers to obtain polymers with unique properties.
Download or read book Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature written by Richard G Jones and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2009-01-19 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IUPAC system of polymer nomenclature has aided the generation of unambiguous names that re ect the historical development of chemistry. However, the explosion in the circulation of information and the globalization of human activities mean that it is now necessary to have a common language for use in legal situations, patents, export-import regulations, and environmental health and safety information. Rather than recommending a ‘unique name’ for each structure, rules have been developed for assigning ‘preferred IUPAC names’, while continuing to allow alternatives in order to preserve the diversity and adaptability of nomenclature. Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature is the only publication to collect the most important work on this subject into a single volume. It serves as a handy compendium for scientists and removes the need for time consuming literature searches. One of a series issued by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), it covers the terminology used in many and varied aspects of polymer science as well as the nomenclature of several di erent types of polymer including regular and irregular single-strand organic polymers, copolymers and regular double-strand (ladder and spiro) organic polymers.
Download or read book Rational Design and Synthesis of Sequence Defined Donor Acceptor Poly arylenevinylene s as Singlet Fission Materials written by Stephen Koehler and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Donor-Acceptor poly(p-arylenevinylenes) (DA PAVs) are an untapped class of materials owing largely to their challenging synthesis. The Elacqua group recently reported the synthesis of such polymers by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP). The newly synthesized monomer polymerized with good control over molecular weight and was able to form block copolymers with poly(norbornene). In Chapter 2, the inherent steric and electronic bias of ROMP is leveraged within the same monomer scaffold to study how to monitor and influence polymer sequence. A combination of monomer steric bulk, reaction solvent, and temperature are all variables that can influence the sequence. While further study is needed, non-symmetric substitution of alkyl chains appears to be important in achieving controlled polymerizations. This comes with many limitations, namely a challenging monomer synthesis, for which we provide some perspective and insight to overcome this deficit. Given the remaining synthetic challenges, computational chemistry will be a particularly powerful tool to deliberately identify synthetic targets. Simulating polymer properties is a difficult task in itself; in Chapter 3, a high throughput screening method which is both more accurate and an order of magnitude faster than leading quantum mechanical methods was developed. Preliminary data supports a size-parameter relationship between monomers, which could be leveraged to further enhance the accuracy, and potentially used in simulating higher-dimensional conjugated structures like covalent organic frameworks. Circling back to screening-driven polymer design, Chapter 4 presents time-dependent density functional theory calculations that identify DA PAVs as a promising class of materials for singlet fission. This is due, in part to the planarization afforded by the vinyl-spacer. This is observed both when replicating reported methods, as well as when applying the high throughput screening capabilities developed in Chapter 3. Chapter 5 looks toward multifunctional devices or stimuli responsive organic electronics, wherein the synthesis of thiophene-appended spiropyran oligomers which can reversibly change their band gap energy are presented. The observed band gap energies agree well with DFT calculations, suggesting more diverse spiropyran-oligomers could be explored. However, fast isomerization with oligomer-appended spiropyran was not observed, though it is hypothesized that spirothiopyran could be an effective tool to overcome this. Overall, this work demonstrates progress in both synthetic and computational methodology to advance the development and discovery of organic electronic materials.
Download or read book Design and Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers written by Mario Leclerc and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-06-24 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first systematic compilation of synthesis methods for different classes of polymers describes well-tested and reproducible procedures, thus saving time, money and chemicals. Each chapter presents the latest method for a specific class of conjugated polymers with a particular emphasis on the design aspects for organo-electronic applications. In this concise and practically oriented manner, readers are introduced to the strategies of influencing and controlling the polymer properties with respect to their use in the desired device. This style of presentation quickly helps researchers in their daily lab work and prevents them from reinventing the wheel over and over again.
Download or read book New Methods for Polymer Synthesis written by W.J. Mijs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The art and science of macromolecular architecture is based on synthesis, analysis, processing, and evaluation of physical properties of polymers. The growing specificity of available synthetic methods and the increasing refinement of analytical and physical analysis are gradually providing a deeper insight into structure-property relationships of polymers, upon which many applications can be based. This book deals with recent methods for polymer synthesis. Those that lead to specific structures have been selected especially. Background, mechanism scope and limitations, and illustrative procedures are given for each method. With this layout the editor hopes that the book will provide a practical guideline, for the synthetic polymer chemist in industry or at a university graduate school, on how to apply the methods in the design of new polymer structures. The editor is grateful to the authors not only for their contributions containing interesting new developments in polymer synthesis, but also for the way they have fitted their text into the general framework of the book. The elegant chemistry described in the following chapters will, it is hoped, inspire more organic chemists to apply their skills to polymer synthesis, where the beauty of organic chemistry in terms of structural control and reactivity may be even more apparent than in the low molecular field.
Download or read book Dendrimer Chemistry written by Michael Malkoch and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the latest advances in the synthesis, characterization and applications of dendrimers and other complex dendritic architectures.
Download or read book Macromolecular Engineering written by Alex Lubnin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macromolecular Engineering: Design, Synthesis and Application of Polymers explores the role of macromolecular engineering in the development of polymer systems with engineered structures that offer the desired combination of properties for advanced applications. This book is organized into sections covering theory and principles, science and technology, architectures and technologies, and applications, with an emphasis on the latest advances in techniques, materials, properties, and end uses – and including recently commercialized, or soon to be commercialized, designed polymer systems. The chapters are contributed by a group of leading figures who are actively researching in the field. This is an invaluable resource for researchers and scientists interested in polymer synthesis and design, across the fields of polymer chemistry, polymer science, plastics engineering, and materials science and engineering. In industry, this book supports engineers, R&D, and scientists working on polymer design for application areas such as biomedical and healthcare, automotive and aerospace, construction and consumer goods. Presents the theory, principles, architectures, technologies, and latest advances in macromolecular engineering for polymer design and synthesis Explains polymer design for cutting-edge applications areas, including coatings, automotive, industrial, household and medical uses Approaches several novel materials, such as polyisobutylene (PIB), polyamide-based polyurethanes, and aliphatic polyesters
Download or read book Synthesis and Applications of Copolymers written by Anbanandam Parthiban and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the reactivity of monomers is crucial in creating copolymers and determining the outcome of copolymerization. Covering the fundamental aspects of polymerization, Synthesis and Applications of Copolymers explores the reactivity of monomers and reaction conditions that ensure that the newly formed polymeric materials exhibit desired properties. Referencing a wide-range of disciplines, the book provides researchers, students, and scientists with the preparation of a diverse variety of copolymers and their recent developments, with a particular focus on copolymerization, crystallization, and techniques like nanoimprinting and micropatterning.
Download or read book Antioxidant Polymers written by Giuseppe Cirillo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-06-07 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antioxidant Polymers is an exhaustive overview of the recent developments in the field of polymeric materials showing antioxidant properties. This research area has grown rapidly in the last decade because antioxidant polymers have wide industry applications ranging from materials science to biomedical, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Download or read book Single Chain Polymer Nanoparticles written by José A. Pomposo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-08-18 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book on this important and emerging topic presents an overview of the very latest results obtained in single-chain polymer nanoparticles obtained by folding synthetic single polymer chains, painting a complete picture from synthesis via characterization to everyday applications. The initial chapters describe the synthetics methods as well as the molecular simulation of these nanoparticles, while subsequent chapters discuss the analytical techniques that are applied to characterize them, including size and structural characterization as well as scattering techniques. The final chapters are then devoted to the practical applications in nanomedicine, sensing, catalysis and several other uses, concluding with a look at the future for such nanoparticles. Essential reading for polymer and materials scientists, materials engineers, biochemists as well as environmental chemists.
Download or read book New Monomers and Polymers written by Charles U. Pittman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in preparing new polymers peaked about 1966. Since that time, industrial and government support for the synthesis and study of new polymers has steadily declined. Gone are the good days when government funds supported a great push to attain ulti mate thermal stability for organic polymeric materials. Gone are the good days when many chemical companies, encouraged by the obvious potential for rewards, had great interest and provided support for preparing new polymers. We now often hear managers say "we have enough polymers" or "all we need to do is find additional and better ways to use existing polymers. " The latter often in cludes the statement, "we can get the new materials that are wanted from polymer alloys or blends. " Interest in preparing new monomers has also waned, even though it is well recognized that monomers with special functionality are greatly needed to fine-tune existing polymers for specific tasks. Shrinkage of interest in new monomer and polymer research has not come about solely as a result of the obvious maturity of the polymers industry. Since uses for polymers continue to grow and there is still room for good concepts to study, lack of market growth and fields of study have probably not significantly contribu ted to that shrinkage.
