Download or read book Design and Selective Synthesis of Carbon Nanothreads and Their Exfoliation written by Sikai Wu and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanothreads are a class of one-dimensional nanocarbons with sp3 diamond-like carbon backbone and hydrogenated surface. They possess mechanical strength on par with that of their sp2 counterparts, carbon nanotubes. The discovery of nanothreads through high-pressure polymerization of benzene has inspired the synthesis of a growing family of nanothread materials from various organic precursors. This presents a great opportunity in tuning the structures and properties of nanothreads, which will provide novel materials that combine high strength nanothread backbones and additional desirable functionalities. Chapter 1 introduces the discovery of nanothreads, their anticipated properties, and current progress in nanothread design. Chapter 2 presents how non-parallel molecular stacks in precursor crystals can produce nanothreads with unique carbon backbones. 1,2-difluorobenzene was used as a model system and investigated using in situ single-crystal diffraction. Upon reaction, both slipped molecular stacks and Y-shaped molecular stacks formed distinct nanothread products. With the help of reciprocal space analysis and structural modeling/simulation, evidence for a new nanothread backbone, named polymolane, was shown. Chapter 3 presents a simple cocrystal design strategy toward synthesis of conductive nanothreads, which is to utilize cocrystals made of two [pi] systems with mismatching sizes. The formation of nanothreads with a small bandgap (ca. 1 eV) and metallic transport characteristics was demonstrated by the compression of pyrene-1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene cocrystal. The product also exhibits an elastic modulus that rivals that of technical ceramics. Such performances in conductivity and mechanical strength are the best that have ever been experimentally measured in nanothread materials so far. Chapter 4 presents the investigation of scalability in nanothread synthesis with moderate heat (less than 300 °C). Heating experiments with several nanothread-forming precursors showed successful formation of nanothread products at a reduced reaction pressure. Especially, the reaction pressure for furan nanothreads was reduced from 15 GPa at room temperature to 8 GPa at 140 °C. Further reduction in reaction pressure could lead to large-scale synthesis of nanothread materials in large-volume presses, such as cubic presses that are used in the synthetic diamond industry. Chapter 5 presents the progress in the development of nanothread exfoliation/dispersion methods through my collaboration. Excitingly, by using alkali metal intercalation and dispersion method, it is demonstrated for the first time that as-synthesized nanothreads can be exfoliated into individual threads and very small bundles. This development will enable further investigation of intrinsic structures/properties of nanothreads and their applications.
Download or read book Selective Synthesis of Narrow Diameter and Chirality Distributed Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes on Bimetallic Catalytic Systems and Their Applications written by Codruta Zoican Loebick and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Nanothreads written by Daniel Brian Koeplinger and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanothreads are a relatively new type of carbon material which has an sp3 structure similar to diamond, but extends in only one dimension. The predicted properties of nanothreads are extraordinary, rivaling other recent carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene in both strength and stiffness. Nanothreads are synthesized experimentally by slow compression of benzene to about 20 GPa, followed by slow decompression, resulting in a crystalline product in which the polymer is arranged into a hexagonally close-packed structure. The material can be identified via its characteristic six-fold diffraction pattern, as well as its Raman and IR spectra.In addition to nanothreads produced from benzene, several new types of nanothreads have also been synthesized from other precursors, such as pyridine and aniline. In Chapter 2.1 of this work, experiments involving the compression-induced polymerization of three additional aromatic molecules are described. Toluene produced the most promising results, yielding a transparent amorphous solid which has similar IR and Raman spectra to those of previous nanothreads. Nanothread syntheses were also attempted using benzoic acid and hexabromobenzene as precursors, but no significant reaction was seen for either material.Nanothread structure is complex, and there are many structures of similar energy which are thermodynamically possible. In addition to the fully-saturated sp3 products from a Degree-6 polymerization, products which result from incomplete polymerization, including unsaturated Degree-4 and Degree-2 segments, are observed. Each of these structures has varying amounts of sp2 character. A series of experiments are described in Chapter 2.2 in which the ratio of sp2 to sp3 bonds in the nanothread product was measured via advanced solid-state NMR. These ratios were used to approximate the relative quantities of Degree-2, -4, and -6 structures for both benzene and pyridine nanothreads. NMR data was also used to constrain which isomers of each Degree might be found in experimentally-synthesized nanothreads. When nanothreads are formed under pressure, they produce crystals of close-packed fibers. These fibers are bound together primarily by Van-der-Waals forces, and application of mechanical force could theoretically exfoliate individual threads from the bulk. In Chapter 3, exfoliation experiments are described in which three separate methods attempted to separate individual threads from the bulk: applying shearing forces by twisting samples between two planes, peeling fibers away from the bulk using tape adhesive, and crushing the nanothread crystals with the tip of a diamond. Samples from each of these methods were examined by atomic force microscopy. Identification of individual fibers separated from the bulk nanothread crystal proved problematic because of the small radii of nanothreads, particularly when compared to the resolution of techniques used to characterize nanothreads in the bulk. As a result of these limitations, the only way to prove that a fiber was a nanothread would be to find a thread still partially attached to the bulk. No partially-attached fibers were observed by AFM using the three preparation methods listed above, but the possibility of identifying such a feature in the future was not excluded.
Download or read book Nanomaterials Synthesis written by Yasir Beeran Pottathara and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-05-29 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials Synthesis: Design, Fabrication and Applications combines the present and emerging trends of synthesis routes of nanomaterials with the incorporation of various technologies. The book covers the new trends and challenges in the synthesis and surface engineering of a wide range of nanomaterials, including emerging technologies used for their synthesis. Significant properties, safety and sustainability and environmental impacts of the synthesis routes are explored. This book is an important information source that will help materials scientists and engineers who want to learn more about how different classes of nanomaterials are designed. Highlights recent developments in, and opportunities created by, new nanomaterials synthesis methods Explains major synthesis techniques for different types of nanomaterials Discusses the challenges of using a variety of synthesis methods
Download or read book Green Composites written by Sabu Thomas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-18 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents important developments in green chemistry, with a particular focus on composite materials chemistry. In recent years, natural polymers have generated much interest due to their unique morphology and physical properties. The book gives an introductory overview of green composites, and discusses their emerging interdisciplinary applications in various contemporary fields. The chapters, written by leading experts from industry and academia, cover different aspects of biodegradable green composites and natural polymers including their processing, manufacturing, properties, and applications. This book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers as well as industry professionals interested in biodegradable composites.
Download or read book Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation written by Swatantra P. Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: p="" This monograph focuses on recent development of nanomaterials and nanocomposites for pollution measurement and their control in water, air, and soil. The contents incorporate carbon-based, metal-based, and metal-organic framework based nanomaterials and nanocomposites for emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals and personal care products) degradation, disinfection, and other traditional pollutants degradation and removal. The book also offers updated literature for researchers and academicians working in the field of environmental remediation by nanomaterials. Readers will learn about different metal and non-metal based nanoparticles for environmental remediation. It will be a useful guide for professionals, and post-graduate students involved in material science & engineering, chemical engineering and environmental nanotechnology research. ^
Download or read book High Pressure Crystallography written by Elena Boldyreva and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-03 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book is devoted to the theme of crystallographic studies at high pressure. It places emphasis on the phenomena characteristic to the compressed state of matter, as well as experimental and theoretical techniques, used to study these phenomena.
Download or read book Functionalization of Graphene written by Vasilios Georgakilas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-03 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All set to become the standard reference on the topic, this book covers the most important procedures for chemical functionalization, making it an indispensable resource for all chemists, physicists, materials scientists and engineers entering or already working in the field. Expert authors share their knowledge on a wide range of different functional groups, including organic functional groups, hydrogen, halogen, nanoparticles and polymers.
Download or read book Practical Guide to Polyethylene written by Cornelia Vasile and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide begins with general background to the polyethylene family, with price, production and market share information. It describes the basic types of polyethylene including virgin and filled polyethylene, copolymers, block and graft polymers and composites, and reviews the types of additives used in polyethylene. It gives the low down on the properties, including, amongst others, rheological, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and electrical properties. It goes on to describe the processing issues and conditions for the wide range of techniques used for polyethylene, and also considers post-processing and assembly issues. It offers guidance on product design and development issues, including materials selection. It is an indispensable resource for everyone working with this material.
Download or read book Science and Application of Nanotubes written by D. Tománek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-17 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series of books, which is published at the rate of about one per year, addresses fundamental problems in materials science. The contents cover a broad range of topics from small clusters of atoms to engineering materials and involve chemistry, physics, materials science, and engineering, with length scales ranging from Ångstroms up to millimeters. The emphasis is on basic science rather than on applications. Each book focuses on a single area of current interest and brings together leading experts to give an up-to-date discussion of their work and the work of others. Each article contains enough references that the interested reader can access the relevant literature. Thanks are given to the Center for Fundamental Materials Research at Michigan State University for supporting this series. M. F. Thorpe, Series Editor E-mail: thorpe@pa. msu. edu East Lansing, Michigan V PREFACE It is hard to believe that not quite ten years ago, namely in 1991, nanotubes of carbon were discovered by Sumio Iijima in deposits on the electrodes of the same carbon arc apparatus that was used to produce fullerenes such as the “buckyball”. Nanotubes of carbon or other materials, consisting ofhollow cylinders that are only a few nanometers in diameter, yet up to millimeters long, are amazing structures that self-assemble under extreme conditions. Their quasi-one-dimensional character and virtual absence of atomic defects give rise to a plethora of unusual phenomena.
Download or read book Fullerens Graphenes and Nanotubes written by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-05-28 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fullerens, Graphenes and Nanotubes: A Pharmaceutical Approach shows how carbon nanomaterials are used in the pharmaceutical industry. While there are various books on the carbonaceous nanomaterials available on the market, none approach the subject from a pharmaceutical point-of-view. In this context, the book covers different applications of carbonaceous nanomaterials. Chapters examine different types of carbon nanomaterials and explore how they are used in such areas as cancer treatments, pulse sensing and prosthetics. Readers will find this book to be a valuable reference resource for those working in the areas of carbon materials, nanomaterials and pharmaceutical science. Explains how the unique properties of carbon-based nanomaterials allow them to be used to create effective drug delivery systems Covers how carbon-based nanomaterials should be prepared for use in pharmaceutical applications Discusses the relative toxicity of a range of carbon-based nanomaterials Considers the safety of their use in different types of drugs
Download or read book Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies written by George Socrates and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-06-18 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Auf dieses Nachschlagewerk wird niemand verzichten wollen, der routinemäßig IR-Spektroskopie betreibt! In die 3. Auflage wurden Moleküle und Verbindungen aufgenommen, deren Daten erst seit kurzem verfügbar sind. Erstmals finden Sie auch Raman-Daten. Erweitert wurden vor allem die Kapitel zu Makromolekülen (Polymeren und Biomolekülen), zu anorganischen Verbindungen und zum NIR. Alle Diagramme wurden neu gezeichnet. (11/00)
Download or read book Spectra of Diatomic Molecules written by Gerhard Herzberg and published by Toronto ; New York : Van Nostrand. This book was released on 1950 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eat Sleep Dancing Repeat Graph Paper Notebook 1 2 Inch Squares Without Border written by Mirako Press and published by Graph Paper Notebook: 1/2 Inch. This book was released on 2019-02-11 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graph Ruled Composition Notebook - Square Grid Paper Journal This beautiful and convenient Graph Ruled Notebook is a perfect tool for all kinds of activities in school and office. Cover: Great tough paperback. Secure professional binding prevents the paper falling apart. Therefore, the Notebook is durable to withstand any adventure!! Dimensions: Measures 8.5 x 11 inches. Close To A4 Size but shorter in height. It is easy to squeeze it into a bag and perfect size to carry with you anywhere! Interior Details: This amazing Graph Ruled Notepad has 100 pages with thick, high-quality white paper to prevent ink leakage. Layout: Light gray lines are easily covered by your creative colored pens or pencils, and even markers. Grid size: 1/2 inch. The evenly spaced squares are great for horizontal, vertical, diagonal and free-hand creativity.Simple design interior, double-sided and non-perforated What is this book for? This Square Grid Paper Journal is ideal for tremendous purposes of practices, in terms of graphs, math sums, games or geometry. Who will need this book? Square Grid Composition is suitable for kids, students, teachers and office workers.With beautiful pastel colors and high-quality paper, this Graph Ruled Journal is a popular and useable that you must have!
Download or read book Nanozymes From Rational Design to Biomedical Applications written by Kelong Fan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ultrafast Photonics written by A. Miller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrafast photonics has become an interdisciplinary topic of high international research interest because of the spectacular development of compact and efficient lasers producing optical pulses with durations in the femtosecond time domain. Present day long-haul telecommunications systems are almost entirely based on the transmission of short burst
Download or read book Novel Carbon Materials and Composites written by Xin Jiang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-28 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Connects knowledge about synthesis, properties, and applications of novel carbon materials and carbon-based composites This book provides readers with new knowledge on the synthesis, properties, and applications of novel carbon materials and carbon-based composites, including thin films of silicon carbide, carbon nitrite, and their related composites. It examines the direct bottom-up synthesis of the carbon-based composite systems and their potential applications, and discusses the growth mechanism of the composite structures. It features applications that range from mechanical, electronic, chemical, biochemical, medical, and environmental to functional devices. Novel Carbon Materials and Composites: Synthesis, Properties and Applications covers an overview of the synthesis, properties, and applications of novel carbon materials and composites. Especially, it covers everything from chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide films and their electrochemical applications to applications of various novel carbon materials for the construction of supercapacitors to chemical vapor deposition of diamond/silicon carbide composite films to the covering and fabrication processes of nanodot composites. Looks at the recent progress and achievements in the fields of novel carbon materials and composites, including thin films of silicon carbide, carbon nitrite, and their related composites Discusses the many applications of carbon materials and composites Focuses on the hot topic of the fabrication of carbon-based composite materials and their abilities to extend the potential applications of carbon materials Published as a title in the new Wiley book series Nanocarbon Chemistry and Interfaces. Novel Carbon Materials and Composites: Synthesis, Properties and Applications is an important book for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in the fabrication and application of carbon materials and carbon-based composite materials and related fields.
