Download or read book Design and Performance Analysis of CMOS Ring Oscillator written by Sushil Kumar and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-16 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the tremendous growth of wireless handheld devices, low power consumption becomes a major consideration in radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) designs. This book introduces a multistage voltage controlled ring oscillator. The proposed structure uses 45 nm CMOS Technology in cadence. PSS analyses are performed in order to determine the frequency of oscillation and the influence of parameters such as supply voltage, temperature or load capacitance over the oscillation frequency. A transient analysis is performed to illustrate the effects of the parasitic parameters over the oscillation frequency. Ring oscillators with different number of stages like 7, 9 and 11 were designed successfully and their performance parameters are discussed in great detail and compared to reach to solutions to the challenges faced by the current Ring Oscillator technology. The challenges are phase noise, frequency jitter, period jitter, delay, jitter, total harmonic distortion (THD), transfer function etc. and are dealt appropriately in the system designs proposed for different number of stages. For example, a certain signal may have a phase noise of -80 dBc/Hz at an offset of 10 KHz.

Download or read book Design of High Performance CMOS Voltage Controlled Oscillators written by Liang Dai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators presents a phase noise modeling framework for CMOS ring oscillators. The analysis considers both linear and nonlinear operation. It indicates that fast rail-to-rail switching has to be achieved to minimize phase noise. Additionally, in conventional design the flicker noise in the bias circuit can potentially dominate the phase noise at low offset frequencies. Therefore, for narrow bandwidth PLLs, noise up conversion for the bias circuits should be minimized. We define the effective Q factor (Qeff) for ring oscillators and predict its increase for CMOS processes with smaller feature sizes. Our phase noise analysis is validated via simulation and measurement results. The digital switching noise coupled through the power supply and substrate is usually the dominant source of clock jitter. Improving the supply and substrate noise immunity of a PLL is a challenging job in hostile environments such as a microprocessor chip where millions of digital gates are present.

Download or read book Microelectronics Electromagnetics and Telecommunications written by Ganapati Panda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book discusses the latest developments and outlines future trends in the fields of microelectronics, electromagnetics and telecommunication. It contains original research works presented at the International Conference on Microelectronics, Electromagnetics and Telecommunication (ICMEET 2018), organised by GVP College of Engineering (A), Andhra Pradesh, India. The respective papers were written by scientists, research scholars and practitioners from leading universities, engineering colleges and R&D institutes from all over the world, and share the latest breakthroughs in and promising solutions to the most important issues facing today’s society.

Download or read book Multi loop ring oscillator Design and Analysis for Sub micron CMOS written by Erik Pankratz and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ring oscillators provide a central role in timing circuits for today?s mobile devices and desktop computers. Increased integration in these devices exacerbates switching noise on the supply, necessitating improved supply resilience. Furthermore, reduced voltage headroom in submicron technologies limits the number of stacked transistors available in a delay cell. Hence, conventional single-loop oscillators offer relatively few design options to achieve desired specifications, such as supply rejection. Existing state-of-the-art supply-rejection- enhancement methods include actively regulating the supply with an LDO, employing a fully differential or current-starved delay cell, using a hi-Z voltage-to-current converter, or compensating/calibrating the delay cell. Multiloop ring oscillators (MROs) offer an additional solution because by employing a more complex ring-connection structure and associated delay cell, the designer obtains an additional degree of freedom to meet the desired specifications. Designing these more complex multiloop structures to start reliably and achieve the desired performance requires a systematic analysis procedure, which we attack on two fronts: (1) a generalized delay-cell viewpoint of the MRO structure to assist in both analysis and circuit layout, and (2) a survey of phase-noise analysis to provide a bank of methods to analyze MRO phase noise. We distill the salient phase-noise-analysis concepts/key equations previously developed to facilitate MRO and other non-conventional oscillator analysis. Furthermore, our proposed analysis framework demonstrates that all these methods boil down to obtaining three things: (1) noise modulation function (NMF), (2) noise transfer function (NTF), and (3) current-controlled-oscillator gain (KICO). As a case study, we detail the design, analysis, and measurement of a proposed multiloop ring oscillator structure that provides improved power-supply isolation (more than 20dB increase in supply rejection over a conventional-oscillator control case fabricated on the same test chip). Applying our general multi-loop-oscillator framework to this proposed MRO circuit leads both to design-oriented expressions for the oscillation frequency and supply rejection as well as to an efficient layout technique facilitating cross-coupling for improved quadrature accuracy and systematic, substantially simplified layout effort.

Download or read book The Designer s Guide to Jitter in Ring Oscillators written by John A. McNeill and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-09 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide emphasizes jitter for time domain applications so that there is not a need to translate from frequency domain. This provides a more direct path to the results for designing in an application area where performance is specified in the time domain. The book includes classification of oscillator types and an exhaustive guide to existing research literature. It also includes classification of measurement techniques to help designers understand how the eventual performance of circuit design is verified.

Download or read book Design of CMOS Phase Locked Loops written by Behzad Razavi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This modern, pedagogic textbook from leading author Behzad Razavi provides a comprehensive and rigorous introduction to CMOS PLL design, featuring intuitive presentation of theoretical concepts, extensive circuit simulations, over 200 worked examples, and 250 end-of-chapter problems. The perfect text for senior undergraduate and graduate students.

Download or read book Low Power VCO Design in CMOS written by Marc Tiebout and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-25 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work covers the design of CMOS fully integrated low power low phase noise voltage controlled oscillators for telecommunication or datacommuni- tion systems. The need for low power is obvious, as mobile wireless telecommunications are battery operated. As wireless telecommunication systems use oscillators in frequency synthesizers for frequency translation, the selectivity and signal to noise ratio of receivers and transmitters depend heavily on the low phase noise performance of the implemented oscillators. Datacommunication s- tems need low jitter, the time-domain equivalent of low phase noise, clocks for data detection and recovery. The power consumption is less critical. The need for multi-band and multi-mode systems pushes the high-integration of telecommunication systems. This is o?ered by sub-micron CMOS feat- ing digital ?exibility. The recent crisis in telecommunication clearly shows that mobile hand-sets became mass-market high-volume consumer products, where low-cost is of prime importance. This need for low-cost products - livens tremendously research towards CMOS alternatives for the bipolar or BiCMOS solutions in use today.

Download or read book Analysis and Design of CMOS Clocking Circuits For Low Phase Noise written by Woorham Bae and published by Institution of Engineering and Technology. This book was released on 2020-06-24 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As electronics continue to become faster, smaller and more efficient, development and research around clocking signals and circuits has accelerated to keep pace. This book bridges the gap between the classical theory of clocking circuits and recent technological advances, making it a useful guide for newcomers to the field, and offering an opportunity for established researchers to broaden and update their knowledge of current trends.

Download or read book The Design of Low Noise Oscillators written by Ali Hajimiri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is hardly a revelation to note that wireless and mobile communications have grown tremendously during the last few years. This growth has placed stringent requi- ments on channel spacing and, by implication, on the phase noise of oscillators. C- pounding the challenge has been a recent drive toward implementations of transceivers in CMOS, whose inferior 1/f noise performance has usually been thought to disqualify it from use in all but the lowest-performance oscillators. Low noise oscillators are also highly desired in the digital world, of course. The c- tinued drive toward higher clock frequencies translates into a demand for ev- decreasing jitter. Clearly, there is a need for a deep understanding of the fundamental mechanisms g- erning the process by which device, substrate, and supply noise turn into jitter and phase noise. Existing models generally offer only qualitative insights, however, and it has not always been clear why they are not quantitatively correct.

Download or read book Green and Smart Technologies for Smart Cities written by Pradeep Tomar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-06 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book starts with an overview of the role of cities in climate change and environmental pollution worldwide, followed by the concept description of smart cities and their expected features, focusing on green technology innovation. This book explores the energy management strategies required to minimize the need for huge investments in high-capacity transmission lines from distant power plants. A new range of renewable energy technologies modified for installation in cities like small wind turbines, micro-CHP and heat pumps are described. The overall objective of this book is to explore all the green and smart technologies for designing green smart cities.

Download or read book CMOS written by R. Jacob Baker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008 with total page 1074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition provides an important contemporary view of a wide range of analog/digital circuit blocks, the BSIM model, data converter architectures, and more. The authors develop design techniques for both long- and short-channel CMOS technologies and then compare the two.

Download or read book High Frequency Oscillator Design for Integrated Transceivers written by Johan van der Tang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-09-30 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-Frequency Oscillator Design for Integrated Transceivers covers the analysis and design of all high-frequency oscillators required to realize integrated transceivers for wireless and wired applications. This includes the design of oscillator types as single-phase LC oscillators, I/Q LC oscillators, multi-phase LC oscillators, and ring oscillators in various IC technologies such as bipolar, BiCMOS, CMOS, and SOI (silicon on insulator). Starting from an in depth review of basic oscillator theory, the authors discuss key oscillator specifications, numerous oscillator circuit topologies, and introduce the concepts of design figures of merit (FOMs) and benchmark FOMs, which assist the oscillator designer during the overall design cycle. Taking advantage of behavioral modeling, the elementary properties of LC oscillators and ring oscillators are analyzed first. A detailed analysis of oscillator properties at circuit level follows taking parasitic elements and other practical aspects of integrated oscillator design into account. Special attention is given to advantages and limitations of linear time invariant (LTI) phase noise modeling, leading to the concept of optimum coupling in I/Q LC oscillators and a simulation method for fast and efficient phase noise optimization in oscillators. In addition, all modern linear time variant (LTV) phase noise theories are covered. As not only phase noise is of high importance to the designer, but optimization of other oscillator properties as well, additional subjects such as various tuning methods of LC oscillators are analyzed, too. Design examples of integrated LC and ring oscillators in the frequency range of 100 MHz up to 11 GHz are thoroughly discussed throughout the book. The clear and structured discussion of basic oscillator properties make High-Frequency Oscillator Design for Integrated Transceivers an excellent starting point for the inexperienced oscillator designer. The detailed analysis of many oscillator types and circuit topologies, the discussion of numerous practical design issues together with fast optimization methods, and more than 200 carefully selected literature references on oscillator literature, LC oscillator and ring oscillator designs make this book a very valuable resource for the experienced IC designer as well.

Download or read book Voltage Controlled Ring Oscillators and Its Applications written by Suman Shruti and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-07-15 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A voltage controlled ring oscillator plays very important role in high speed systems due to its easy integration capability. The analysis of different VCOs and their applications are discussed and analyzed in this book. There are number of applications of ring VCOs, one of the most important application is phase locked loop. The main task of the PLL is to maintain the coherence between output signal and reference signal by phase comparison. The proposed PLL using improved performance voltage controlled ring oscillator shows better performance in terms of frequency range and power consumption.

Download or read book Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications written by Poonam Bansal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers high-quality papers presented at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (ICAIA 2020), held at Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India, on 6–7 February 2020. The book covers areas such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, computational optimization technologies and machine learning.

Download or read book Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Research Day 2017 written by Mohd Fadzli Bin Abdollah and published by Centre for Advanced Research on Energy. This book was released on 2017-05-29 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This e-book is a compilation of papers presented at the Mechanical Engineering Research Day 2017 (MERD'17) - Melaka, Malaysia on 30 March 2017.

Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Electronic Oscillators written by Amal Banerjee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates a novel, efficient and automated scheme to design and evaluate the performance of electronic oscillators, operating at the 100s of Megahertz to 10s of Gigahertz frequencies. The author describes a new oscillator design and performance evaluation scheme that addresses all the issues associated with the traditional S parameter (large, small signal) based oscillator design technique by exploiting the properties of a new breed of RF or microwave transistors, the powerful Discrete Fourier Transform and the SPICE tool's transient analysis. Readers will benefit from an exhaustive set of detailed, step-by-step oscillator (feedback, negative resistance, crystal and differential) design examples, as well as the software tools (C executables) used to create the design examples. Designers will be enabled to eliminate the complexities of the traditional oscillator design/performance evaluation scheme using S (large, small) parameter, resulting in accurate, robust and reliable designs. Describes an efficient, automated oscillator design and performance evaluation scheme that addresses all the challenges associated with the traditional S parameter (large, small signal) based oscillator design; Provides numerous step-by-step design examples, illustrating the details of the new scheme presented; Includes C executables that run on both Linux and Windows, which the reader can use to experiment and design any oscillator (feedback common emitter or base, negative resistance common emitter or base or differential).

Download or read book Monolithic Phase Locked Loops and Clock Recovery Circuits written by Behzad Razavi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-04-18 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring an extensive 40 page tutorial introduction, this carefully compiled anthology of 65 of the most important papers on phase-locked loops and clock recovery circuits brings you comprehensive coverage of the field-all in one self-contained volume. You'll gain an understanding of the analysis, design, simulation, and implementation of phase-locked loops and clock recovery circuits in CMOS and bipolar technologies along with valuable insights into the issues and trade-offs associated with phase locked systems for high speed, low power, and low noise.